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草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 111-121.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024028

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

新牧4号紫花苜蓿受精前后胚珠发育及种子形成动态

约仁萨·阿卜迪力木1(), 赵伟2, 王晓伟1, 黄岩1, 张爱勤1()   

  1. 1.新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,新疆生物资源基因工程重点实验室,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830017
    2.乌鲁木齐市林业有害生物防治检疫站米东分站,新疆 乌鲁木齐 831400
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-17 修回日期:2024-03-25 出版日期:2024-12-20 发布日期:2024-10-09
  • 通讯作者: 张爱勤
  • 作者简介:. E-mail: 1131646332@qq.com
    约仁萨·阿卜迪力木 (1997-),女,维吾尔族,新疆喀什人,在读硕士。E-mail: 1959598008@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2021D01C064)

Ovule development before and after fertilization and seed formation dynamics of Medicago sativa cv. Xinmu No.4

Abudilimu YUERENSA·1(), Wei ZHAO2, Xiao-wei WANG1, Yan HUANG1, Ai-qin ZHNAG1()   

  1. 1.College of Life Science and Technology,Xinjiang University,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering,Urumqi 830017,China
    2.Urumqi Forest Pest Control and Quarantine Station Midong Sub-station,Urumqi 831400,China
  • Received:2024-01-17 Revised:2024-03-25 Online:2024-12-20 Published:2024-10-09
  • Contact: Ai-qin ZHNAG

摘要:

果实水平上的“胚珠多种子少”现象是种子生产中的一个共性问题,其中,有性繁殖过程至关重要,进行受精前后胚珠发育及种子形成动态的研究,对揭示种子产量的形成机制具有重要意义。以新牧4号紫花苜蓿为研究对象,通过切片、荧光观察及人工控制试验等,对其受精前后胚珠的发育、受精过程及结籽格局等进行研究,探讨有性繁殖方面制约种子产量形成的因素。结果表明:1)受精前,胚珠发育没见异常,腹缝线上也不具有维管分布的位置效应,但在受精过程中,19.6% 的成熟胚囊被胼胝质包裹而不能正常受精。2)异花授粉较自花授粉具有更高的花粉萌发率和花粉管生长速度,进入子房后的花粉管优先达到子房的中部和基部,并使得这些位置的胚珠优先受精。3)自然条件下,授粉后第2天,中部和基部胚珠优先膨大,第3~6天,膨大胚珠的比例进一步增加,随后基部和中上部已经膨大的部分胚珠出现败育,最终形成荚果内两端胚珠败育率高、中间低的结籽格局。4)资源调控试验表明资源限制不仅影响受精前胚珠形成的数目,还加剧受精后已膨大胚珠的败育率。综上所述,新牧4号紫花苜蓿胚珠的发育与种子的形成受胼胝质沉积、受精顺序、资源分配状况及位置效应多种因素的影响,其中,由胼胝质沉积引起的受精率低以及资源限制引起的受精后胚珠的败育率高是影响种子产量的主要因素。

关键词: 新牧4号紫花苜蓿, 胚珠发育, 种子形成, 结籽格局, 影响因素

Abstract:

The phenomenon of “more ovules and less seeds” at the fruit level is a common problem in seed production, in which the process of sexual reproduction is crucial. It is important to study the dynamics of ovule development and seed formation before and after fertilization to reveal the mechanism of the formation of seed yield. In this study, we explored ovule development before and after fertilization, the fertilization process, and the seed-setting pattern of Medicago sativa cv. Xinmu No. 4 by observations of paraffin sections stained with fluorescent dyes. We also conducted artificial controlled experiments to explore the factors restricting the formation of seed yield from the viewpoint of sexual reproduction. The main results of our study are as follows: 1) Before fertilization, there were no abnormalities in ovule development, and there was no location effect on the distribution of the vascular bundle on the ventral sutures. However, during fertilization, 19.6% of mature embryo sacs were coated with callus and could not be fertilized normally. 2) The pollen germination rate and pollen tube growth rate were higher after cross-pollination than after self-pollination. After entering the ovary, the pollen tubes preferentially reached the middle and base of the ovary, and fertilized the ovule in these positions. 3) Under natural conditions, on the second day after pollination, the middle and base parts of the ovule expanded, and on the third to sixth day after pollination, the proportion of the enlarged parts of the ovule had further increased. Subsequently, the basal part of the ovule became further enlarged and the middle to upper parts of the ovary began to abort. Finally, the seed setting pattern was formed with high ovule abortion rates at both ends of the pod and a low ovule abortion rate in the middle. 4) Resource restriction not only affected the number of ovules that formed before fertilization, but also increased the abortion rate of enlarged ovules after fertilization. In summary, many factors affect the development of ovules and the formation of seeds in M. sativa cv. Xinmu No. 4, including callose deposition, the fertilization sequence, resource allocation, and location effects. The low fertilization rate caused by callose deposition and high abortion rate of ovules after fertilization M. sativa cv. Xinmu No. 4 were identified as the main factors affecting seed yield.

Key words: Medicago sativa cv. Xinmu No.4, ovule development, seed formation, seed set pattern, influencing factors