草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 111-121.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024028
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
约仁萨·阿卜迪力木1(), 赵伟2, 王晓伟1, 黄岩1, 张爱勤1(
)
收稿日期:
2024-01-17
修回日期:
2024-03-25
出版日期:
2024-12-20
发布日期:
2024-10-09
通讯作者:
张爱勤
作者简介:
. E-mail: 1131646332@qq.com基金资助:
Abudilimu YUERENSA·1(), Wei ZHAO2, Xiao-wei WANG1, Yan HUANG1, Ai-qin ZHNAG1(
)
Received:
2024-01-17
Revised:
2024-03-25
Online:
2024-12-20
Published:
2024-10-09
Contact:
Ai-qin ZHNAG
摘要:
果实水平上的“胚珠多种子少”现象是种子生产中的一个共性问题,其中,有性繁殖过程至关重要,进行受精前后胚珠发育及种子形成动态的研究,对揭示种子产量的形成机制具有重要意义。以新牧4号紫花苜蓿为研究对象,通过切片、荧光观察及人工控制试验等,对其受精前后胚珠的发育、受精过程及结籽格局等进行研究,探讨有性繁殖方面制约种子产量形成的因素。结果表明:1)受精前,胚珠发育没见异常,腹缝线上也不具有维管分布的位置效应,但在受精过程中,19.6% 的成熟胚囊被胼胝质包裹而不能正常受精。2)异花授粉较自花授粉具有更高的花粉萌发率和花粉管生长速度,进入子房后的花粉管优先达到子房的中部和基部,并使得这些位置的胚珠优先受精。3)自然条件下,授粉后第2天,中部和基部胚珠优先膨大,第3~6天,膨大胚珠的比例进一步增加,随后基部和中上部已经膨大的部分胚珠出现败育,最终形成荚果内两端胚珠败育率高、中间低的结籽格局。4)资源调控试验表明资源限制不仅影响受精前胚珠形成的数目,还加剧受精后已膨大胚珠的败育率。综上所述,新牧4号紫花苜蓿胚珠的发育与种子的形成受胼胝质沉积、受精顺序、资源分配状况及位置效应多种因素的影响,其中,由胼胝质沉积引起的受精率低以及资源限制引起的受精后胚珠的败育率高是影响种子产量的主要因素。
约仁萨·阿卜迪力木, 赵伟, 王晓伟, 黄岩, 张爱勤. 新牧4号紫花苜蓿受精前后胚珠发育及种子形成动态[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(12): 111-121.
Abudilimu YUERENSA·, Wei ZHAO, Xiao-wei WANG, Yan HUANG, Ai-qin ZHNAG. Ovule development before and after fertilization and seed formation dynamics of Medicago sativa cv. Xinmu No.4[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(12): 111-121.
图1 雌配子体的发育及维管分布A: 大孢子母细胞Megaspore mother cell; B: 二核胚囊2-nuclear embryo sac; C: 四核胚囊4-nuclear embryo sac; D: 八核胚囊(EC: 卵细胞; S: 助细胞)8-nuclear embryo sac (EC: Egg cell; S: Synergidae); E: 花芽的横切(成熟花药) Cross section of bud (Mature anther); F, G: 子房中维管束及其分布Vascular distribution in ovary。图中刻度Scale bar: 100 μm (A~D, F); 250 μm (E, G).
Fig.1 The development of female gametophytes and vascular distribution in M. Sativa cv. Xinmu No.4
图2 花粉萌发、花粉管生长及胚珠胼胝质的沉积A, B: 子房内胚珠的胼胝质沉积Callose deposition of ovules at different positions; C,D: 花粉的萌发与花粉管的生长Pollen germination on stigma and pollen tubes growth in style; E, F: 花粉管的“N”形生长与分布The pollen tube distribution and entering micropyle in an “N” shape; G, H: 发育胚珠和不发育胚珠的胼胝质沉积Callose deposition of devoloping ovules and undevoloping ovules。图中刻度Scale bar: 250 μm (A, B); 100 μm (C~H)。
Fig.2 The germination of pollen, growth of pollen tube and callose deposition on ovules in M. Sativa cv. Xinmu No.4
图4 开花后第3~21天新牧4号紫花苜蓿胚珠败育及种子形成动态
Fig.4 The ovule abortion and seed formation at different positions in ovary at 3-21 days after opening in M. sativa cv. Xinmu No.4
图6 新牧4号紫花苜蓿胚珠与种子发育的资源调控不同小写字母表示疏花芽处理与对照差异显著(P<0.05), 不同大写字母表示疏花苞处理与对照差异显著(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters indicate the significant difference at 0.05 among treatments of removing small buds and contrast; Different capital letters indicate the significant difference at 0.05 between treatments of removing large buds and contrast.
Fig.6 The development of ovule and seed of M. sativa cv. Xinmu No.4
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