草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 189-203.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024176
• 综合评述 • 上一篇
收稿日期:2024-05-14
修回日期:2024-06-05
出版日期:2025-03-20
发布日期:2025-01-02
通讯作者:
范玉兵
作者简介:E-mail: fanyb@lzu.edu.cn基金资助:
You-he FAN(
), Si-yu YUE, Zhi-biao NAN, Yu-bing FAN(
)
Received:2024-05-14
Revised:2024-06-05
Online:2025-03-20
Published:2025-01-02
Contact:
Yu-bing FAN
摘要:
玉米是我国最重要的粮食作物和饲料作物之一,发展玉米种业对稳定玉米产量、提高农民收入,促进家畜生产与养殖业发展具有现实意义,玉米种业与产业政策演进对草地农业提质增效具有重要的启示作用。通过梳理1982-2023年的中央一号文件和国家涉农政策文件,总结了我国玉米种业、玉米秸秆和青贮玉米饲草料利用的发展历程,分析在政策支持、技术进步、产业规模、市场需求等方面取得的进展,并探讨其对草地农业发展的支撑作用。研究发现:通过推广高产优质玉米品种,提高了农牧业的生产效率,为畜牧业提供了更多的饲草资源,促进粮食安全和草地农业的协调、可持续发展;玉米秸秆和青贮玉米饲草的综合利用,为畜牧业生产及其草地农业发展提供了有益补充,适当缓解了农业生态环境的负面影响。通过国家政策促进饲草与玉米制种基地建设,加强跨区域草畜耦合,促进草地畜牧业生产和天然草原生态修复。同时,积极构建饲草与玉米种业的协同发展机制,推动草种业与玉米种业的共同振兴,实现草地农业生态与经济效益的双赢。未来我国玉米制种业发展应注重继续推进科技创新、提高种子质量、保护生态环境和促进资源可持续利用,以实现玉米产业与草地农业的协调发展。
樊有鹤, 岳思妤, 南志标, 范玉兵. 我国玉米种业与产业政策演进及其对草地农业发展的启示[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(3): 189-203.
You-he FAN, Si-yu YUE, Zhi-biao NAN, Yu-bing FAN. The evolution of China’s maize seed industry, relevant industrial policies and implications for grassland agriculture development[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(3): 189-203.
图2 中国所有种业公司及玉米种业公司数量情况数据来源:中华人民共和国农业农村部Datas are from the Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China[34].
Fig.2 The number of all seed companies and maize seed companies in China
图3 2015-2023年中国玉米制种面积及其产量情况数据来源:甘肃省农业农村厅Datas are from the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Gansu Province[45].
Fig.3 Maize seed production area and yield in China from 2015 to 2023
| 时间Time | 政策文件 Policy documents | 主要内容 Main contents | 参考文献References |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 | 《关于加大改革创新力度加快农业现代化建设的若干意见》Opinions on increasing reforms and innovations to accelerate the modernization of agriculture | 鼓励并发展青贮玉米等饲草料种植,实行粮改饲和种养结合模式试点工作,推进粮食-经济作物-饲草料三元种植结构协调发展。Encourage and develop the cultivation of silage maize and other forages, implement pilot work on grain-to-fodder and planting-and-feeding modes, and promote the coordinated development of the ternary planting structure of grain-economic crops- forage. | [ |
| 2016 | 《全国草食畜牧业发展规划(2016-2020年)》National grass-fed livestock development plan (2016-2020) | 普及推广优质牧草青贮等技术,支持青贮玉米等优质饲草料种植。Popularize and promote high-quality forage silage and other technologies, and support the cultivation of high-quality forage such as maize silage. | [ |
| 2017 | 《关于深入推进农业供给侧结构性改革加快培育农业农村发展新动能的若干意见》Opinions on further promoting structural reform of the agricultural supply side and accelerating the cultivation of new dynamics in agricultural and rural development | 扩大青贮玉米等牧草种植面积,培育现代饲草料产业体系,继续开展粮改饲补贴试点工作。Expand the area of silage maize and other forage planting, cultivate the modern forage industry system, and continue to carry out the pilot work of subsidizing grain-to-fodder conversion. | [ |
| 2018 | 《关于实施乡村振兴战略的意见》Opinions on the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy | 着力推行“粮改饲”政策,发展适用于草食畜牧业需求的青贮玉米。More efforts will be made to implement the “grain-to-fodder” policy and to develop maize silage suitable for the needs of grass-fed animal husbandry. | [ |
| 2019 | 《关于坚持农业农村优先发展做好“三农”工作的若干意见》Opinions on prioritizing the development of agriculture and rural areas and doing a good job in the “Three Rural Areas” | 合理调整粮经饲结构,发展青贮玉米、苜蓿等优质饲草料生产。Reasonably adjusting the structure of grain, economic crops and forage, and developing the production of high-quality forage such as silage maize and alfalfa. | [ |
| 2020 | 《关于促进畜牧业高质量发展的意见》Opinions on promoting high-quality development of the livestock industry | 因地制宜实行粮改饲,扩大青贮玉米种植面积。Implement grain-to-fodder conversion according to local conditions and expand the area planted with maize silage. | [ |
| 2022 | 《“十四五”奶业竞争力提升行动方案》Action program for improving the competitiveness of the dairy industry in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 实施振兴奶业苜蓿发展行动,全面普及耐久青贮玉米饲喂技术。Implement the dairy and alfalfa development and revitalization initiative and fully popularize durable silage maize feeding technology. | [ |
| 2023 | 《关于全面推进乡村振兴重点工作部署的实施意见》Implementation opinions on comprehensively promoting the deployment of key work on rural revitalization | 大力发展青贮玉米和苜蓿等优质饲草,因地制宜开发利用农作物秸秆及特色饲草资源。Vigorously develop high-quality forage such as silage maize and alfalfa, and develop and utilize crop residues and special forage resources adaptive to local conditions. | [ |
表1 近年来中国青贮玉米相关政策梳理
Table 1 Policies related to silage maize in China in recent years
| 时间Time | 政策文件 Policy documents | 主要内容 Main contents | 参考文献References |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 | 《关于加大改革创新力度加快农业现代化建设的若干意见》Opinions on increasing reforms and innovations to accelerate the modernization of agriculture | 鼓励并发展青贮玉米等饲草料种植,实行粮改饲和种养结合模式试点工作,推进粮食-经济作物-饲草料三元种植结构协调发展。Encourage and develop the cultivation of silage maize and other forages, implement pilot work on grain-to-fodder and planting-and-feeding modes, and promote the coordinated development of the ternary planting structure of grain-economic crops- forage. | [ |
| 2016 | 《全国草食畜牧业发展规划(2016-2020年)》National grass-fed livestock development plan (2016-2020) | 普及推广优质牧草青贮等技术,支持青贮玉米等优质饲草料种植。Popularize and promote high-quality forage silage and other technologies, and support the cultivation of high-quality forage such as maize silage. | [ |
| 2017 | 《关于深入推进农业供给侧结构性改革加快培育农业农村发展新动能的若干意见》Opinions on further promoting structural reform of the agricultural supply side and accelerating the cultivation of new dynamics in agricultural and rural development | 扩大青贮玉米等牧草种植面积,培育现代饲草料产业体系,继续开展粮改饲补贴试点工作。Expand the area of silage maize and other forage planting, cultivate the modern forage industry system, and continue to carry out the pilot work of subsidizing grain-to-fodder conversion. | [ |
| 2018 | 《关于实施乡村振兴战略的意见》Opinions on the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy | 着力推行“粮改饲”政策,发展适用于草食畜牧业需求的青贮玉米。More efforts will be made to implement the “grain-to-fodder” policy and to develop maize silage suitable for the needs of grass-fed animal husbandry. | [ |
| 2019 | 《关于坚持农业农村优先发展做好“三农”工作的若干意见》Opinions on prioritizing the development of agriculture and rural areas and doing a good job in the “Three Rural Areas” | 合理调整粮经饲结构,发展青贮玉米、苜蓿等优质饲草料生产。Reasonably adjusting the structure of grain, economic crops and forage, and developing the production of high-quality forage such as silage maize and alfalfa. | [ |
| 2020 | 《关于促进畜牧业高质量发展的意见》Opinions on promoting high-quality development of the livestock industry | 因地制宜实行粮改饲,扩大青贮玉米种植面积。Implement grain-to-fodder conversion according to local conditions and expand the area planted with maize silage. | [ |
| 2022 | 《“十四五”奶业竞争力提升行动方案》Action program for improving the competitiveness of the dairy industry in the 14th Five-Year Plan | 实施振兴奶业苜蓿发展行动,全面普及耐久青贮玉米饲喂技术。Implement the dairy and alfalfa development and revitalization initiative and fully popularize durable silage maize feeding technology. | [ |
| 2023 | 《关于全面推进乡村振兴重点工作部署的实施意见》Implementation opinions on comprehensively promoting the deployment of key work on rural revitalization | 大力发展青贮玉米和苜蓿等优质饲草,因地制宜开发利用农作物秸秆及特色饲草资源。Vigorously develop high-quality forage such as silage maize and alfalfa, and develop and utilize crop residues and special forage resources adaptive to local conditions. | [ |
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