祁连山北麓高山草甸高原鼠兔鼠丘退化区芽库特征研究

doi:10.11686/cyxb2025259

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究祁连山北麓高山草甸不同恢复年限高原鼠兔鼠丘及其边缘区地上植被和地下芽库特征变化规律，以祁连山北麓高寒草甸高原鼠兔鼠丘为研究对象，设置新鼠丘、旧鼠丘、废弃鼠丘和原生植被（对照）4个恢复年限，结果表明：1）鼠丘地下芽库有分蘖芽、根茎芽、根蘖芽3种芽类型，主要以根茎芽和分蘖芽为主；2）随着鼠丘恢复年限的增加，在鼠丘空斑内定居的植物种逐渐增多，各恢复年限鼠丘地上植被的物种丰富度、植被盖度、植株密度和鼠丘地下芽库物种数、地下芽总密度变化趋势一致，均为新鼠丘<旧鼠丘<废弃鼠丘<原生植被（对照），且不同恢复年限的鼠丘之间存在极显著差异；3）不同恢复年限鼠丘边缘区地上植被的物种丰富度、植被盖度、植株密度和地下芽库物种数、地下芽总密度差异不显著，鼠丘边缘区植被特征和原生植被基本一致；4）鼠丘地下芽库物种数与鼠丘边缘区地下芽库物种数呈极显著正相关（P<0.01），鼠丘地上植被物种丰富度、植被盖度、植株密度与鼠丘地下芽库物种数、总芽密度、分蘖芽密度、根茎芽密度均呈极显著正相关，与鼠丘边缘区地下芽库总芽密度、分蘖芽密度呈正相关，但与鼠丘边缘区地下芽库根茎芽密度呈极显著负相关。祁连山北麓高寒草甸气温较低，雨水丰富，鼠丘出现后，改变了草地原有的竞争相对强度，使植被通过调控鼠丘及其边缘区地下芽库组成（比例）最终实现草地植被自然恢复更新，对草地植物群落结构与动态乃至生态系统功能产生了深远影响。

关键词: 高山草甸, 高原鼠兔, 鼠丘退化区, 芽库特征

Abstract:

The aim of this work was to explore the pattern of changes in aboveground vegetation and the characteristics of the underground bud bank in plateau pika （Ochotona curzoniae） mounds and their peripheries after different restoration periods in the alpine meadow at the northern slope of the Qilian Mountains. Analyses of aboveground vegetation and the underground bud bank were conducted for plateau pika mounds at four stages of restoration； new mounds， old mounds， abandoned mounds， and native vegetation （as the control）. The results show that： 1） The underground bud bank of the mounds included three types of buds， namely tiller buds， rhizome buds， and root sprout buds， with rhizome buds and tiller buds being the dominant types. 2） The number of plant species colonizing the bare patches of the mounds gradually increased as the restoration period for the mounds became longer. The species richness， vegetation cover， and plant density of the aboveground vegetation， as well as the number of species and total density of the underground bud bank in the mounds showed the same trends across different restoration stages； that is， new mounds<old mounds<abandoned mounds<native vegetation （control）. Moreover， there were extremely significant differences in the values of those parameters among the mounds at different restoration stages； 3） For the peripheral areas of the mounds， there were no significant differences in the species richness， vegetation cover， or plant density of the aboveground vegetation， nor were there significant differences in the number of species and total density of the underground bud bank among mounds at different stages of restoration， and the vegetation characteristics of the mound edge areas were consistent with those of the native vegetation； 4） The number of species in the underground bud bank of the mounds was extremely significantly and positively correlated with that in the underground bud bank of the mound edge areas. The species richness， vegetation coverage， and plant density of the aboveground vegetation in the mounds were extremely significantly and positively correlated with the number of species， total bud density， number of tiller buds， and number of rhizome buds in the underground bud bank in the mounds； positively correlated with the total bud density and number of tiller buds of the underground bud bank in the mound edge areas； and extremely significantly and negatively correlated with the number of rhizome buds of the underground bud bank in the mound peripheries. The alpine meadow at the northern slope of the Qilian Mountains has relatively low temperatures and abundant precipitation. The presence of pika mounds alters the original relative competition intensity of the grassland， allowing for natural restoration of vegetation and renewal of grassland vegetation by regulating the composition （proportion） of the underground bud bank in the mounds and their peripheries. This has a profound impact on the structure and dynamics of grassland plant communities and on ecosystem functions.

Key words: alpine meadow, plateau pika, mound degraded area, bud bank characteristics

滕玉风, 马剑, 陈斌, 鲁延芳, 李静, 李星, 李宁, 李鸿儒. 祁连山北麓高山草甸高原鼠兔鼠丘退化区芽库特征研究[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(8): 182-192.

Yu-feng TENG, Jian MA, Bin CHEN, Yan-fang LU, Jing LI, Xing LI, Ning LI, Hong-ru LI. Characteristics of the bud bank in and around plateau pika mounds in the alpine meadow on the northern slopes of the Qilian Mountains[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(8): 182-192.

图/表 7

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序号No.	植物种 Plant species	科 Family	属 Genus	生活型 Life form	BBT
1	无穗柄薹草C. ivanoviae	莎草科Cyperaceae	薹草属Carex	PH	RB、TB
2	高山嵩草C. parvula	莎草科Cyperaceae	薹草属Carex	PH	-
3	等齿委陵菜P. simulatrix	蔷薇科Rosaceae	委陵菜属Potentilla	PH	RB、TB
4	丛生钉柱委陵菜P. saundersiana var. caespitosa	蔷薇科Rosaceae	委陵菜属Potentilla	PH	RSB
5	早熟禾P. annua	禾本科Poaceae	早熟禾属Poa	PH	TB
6	冰草A. cristatum	禾本科Poaceae	冰草属Agropyron	PH	TB
7	西伯利亚蓼P. sibiricum	蓼科Polygonaceae	蓼属Polygonum	PH	RB
8	小大黄R. pumilum	蓼科Polygonaceae	大黄属Rheum	PH	RSB
9	米蒿A. dalai-lamae	菊科Asteraceae	蒿属Artemisia	PH	RB
10	矮火绒草L. nanum	菊科Asteraceae	火绒草属Leontopodium	PH	RB
11	肉果草L. tibetica	玄参科Scrophulariaceae	肉果草属Lancea	PH	RB、TB
12	高山唐松草T. alpinum	毛茛科Ranunculaceae	唐松草属Thalictrum	PH	RSB
13	密花棘豆O. imbricata	豆科Fabaceae	棘豆属Oxytropis	PH	TB
14	刺芒龙胆G. aristata	龙胆科Gentianaceae	龙胆属Gentiana	AH	TB

序号No.	植物种 Plant species	科 Family	属 Genus	生活型 Life form	BBT
1	无穗柄薹草C. ivanoviae	莎草科Cyperaceae	薹草属Carex	PH	RB、TB
2	高山嵩草C. parvula	莎草科Cyperaceae	薹草属Carex	PH	-
3	等齿委陵菜P. simulatrix	蔷薇科Rosaceae	委陵菜属Potentilla	PH	RB、TB
4	丛生钉柱委陵菜P. saundersiana var. caespitosa	蔷薇科Rosaceae	委陵菜属Potentilla	PH	RSB
5	早熟禾P. annua	禾本科Poaceae	早熟禾属Poa	PH	TB
6	冰草A. cristatum	禾本科Poaceae	冰草属Agropyron	PH	TB
7	西伯利亚蓼P. sibiricum	蓼科Polygonaceae	蓼属Polygonum	PH	RB
8	小大黄R. pumilum	蓼科Polygonaceae	大黄属Rheum	PH	RSB
9	米蒿A. dalai-lamae	菊科Asteraceae	蒿属Artemisia	PH	RB
10	矮火绒草L. nanum	菊科Asteraceae	火绒草属Leontopodium	PH	RB
11	肉果草L. tibetica	玄参科Scrophulariaceae	肉果草属Lancea	PH	RB、TB
12	高山唐松草T. alpinum	毛茛科Ranunculaceae	唐松草属Thalictrum	PH	RSB
13	密花棘豆O. imbricata	豆科Fabaceae	棘豆属Oxytropis	PH	TB
14	刺芒龙胆G. aristata	龙胆科Gentianaceae	龙胆属Gentiana	AH	TB

鼠丘Mound	植物种 Plant species	SR	VC （%）	PD （No.·m^-2）
NM	无穗柄薹草C. ivanoviae、等齿委陵菜P. simulatrix	2.00±0.58aA	3.10±0.38aA	104.00±0.57aA
OM	无穗柄薹草C. ivanoviae、等齿委陵菜P. simulatrix、高山嵩草C. parvula、小大黄R. pumilum、西伯利亚蓼P. sibiricum	5.00±0.58bB	65.30±0.35bB	1501.00±3.06bB
AM	无穗柄薹草C. ivanoviae、等齿委陵菜P. simulatrix、高山嵩草C. parvula、小大黄R. pumilum、西伯利亚蓼P. sibiricum、高山唐松草T. alpinum、早熟禾 P. annua	7.00±0.57cBC	97.40±0.63cC	4308.00±1.15cC
CK	无穗柄薹草C. ivanoviae、丛生钉柱委陵菜P. saundersiana var. caespitosa、高山嵩草C. parvula、小大黄R. pumilum、西伯利亚蓼P. sibiricum、高山唐松草 T. alpinum、早熟禾 P. annua、刺芒龙胆G. aristata	8.00±0.57cC	99.80±0.11dC	4672.00±34.06dD

鼠丘Mound	植物种 Plant species	SR	VC （%）	PD （No.·m^-2）
NM	无穗柄薹草C. ivanoviae、等齿委陵菜P. simulatrix	2.00±0.58aA	3.10±0.38aA	104.00±0.57aA
OM	无穗柄薹草C. ivanoviae、等齿委陵菜P. simulatrix、高山嵩草C. parvula、小大黄R. pumilum、西伯利亚蓼P. sibiricum	5.00±0.58bB	65.30±0.35bB	1501.00±3.06bB
AM	无穗柄薹草C. ivanoviae、等齿委陵菜P. simulatrix、高山嵩草C. parvula、小大黄R. pumilum、西伯利亚蓼P. sibiricum、高山唐松草T. alpinum、早熟禾 P. annua	7.00±0.57cBC	97.40±0.63cC	4308.00±1.15cC
CK	无穗柄薹草C. ivanoviae、丛生钉柱委陵菜P. saundersiana var. caespitosa、高山嵩草C. parvula、小大黄R. pumilum、西伯利亚蓼P. sibiricum、高山唐松草 T. alpinum、早熟禾 P. annua、刺芒龙胆G. aristata	8.00±0.57cC	99.80±0.11dC	4672.00±34.06dD

变异来源 SOV	地上植被The aboveground vegetation				地下芽库The underground bud bank						F_0.05	F_0.01
变异来源 SOV	df	SR	VC	PD	df	SN	Total	RBD	TBD	RSBD	F_0.05	F_0.01
BG	3	28.00**	11907.19**	16664.43**	3	99.00**	34336.99**	4912.07**	216232.75**	117.87**	4.07	7.59
WG	8				8
总和Sum	11				11