高寒草甸植物群落结构对高原鼠兔种群密度的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2017045

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用草地改良措施探讨了禾草补播和人工草地建植对高原鼠兔种群密度的影响,以期为有害啮齿动物的植被调控提供理论依据。在高原鼠兔分布密集草地建立围栏样地50 hm²,同时在围栏内选择20 hm²样地进行垂穗披碱草补播和人工草地建植,探讨草地植物群落结构的变化对高原鼠兔种群密度的影响。结果表明,鼠害草地、补播草地和人工草地除物种数外,物种多样性指数(H')、植被盖度、密度、高度和地上生物量均表现出显著差异(P<0.01)。其中物种多样性指数表现为补播草地>鼠害草地>人工草地;植被盖度、密度、高度和地上生物量均表现为人工草地>补播草地>鼠害草地。群落中垂穗披碱草所占比重亦大不相同,鼠害草地中垂穗披碱草比重不足10%,而补播草地和人工草地群落中,垂穗披碱草比重分别达50%和90%以上。不论是总洞口数还是有效洞口数,在3种草地中都存在显著差异,总洞口数变化在35~411,其中,鼠害草地的总洞口数是补播草地的2.28倍,是垂穗披碱草草地的11.74倍;有效洞口数变化在11~188,鼠害草地是补播草地的2.26倍,是垂穗披碱草草地的17.09倍,表明垂穗披碱草群落对高原鼠兔有显著的抑制作用。此外,高原鼠兔种群密度与草地植被特征间有不同的关系。无论是总洞口数还是有效洞口数与植物物种数间均无显著相关关系,与H'间则呈二次函数关系;高原鼠兔总洞口数及有效洞口数分别与植被盖度、密度、高度及地上生物量呈显著负相关关系。此结果表明,相对于鼠害严重草地,无论是补播草地,还是人工种植草地,植物群落结构的变化对鼠兔种群密度都有重要的影响。

关键词: 高原鼠兔, 植物群落结构, 种群密度, 高寒草甸

Abstract: This study investigated the effects of pasture renovation by grass reseeding or complete resowing with Elymus nutans on population density of alpine plateau pikas. To compare the population density of plateau pikas in different vegetation types, a 50 ha area of fenced pika-damaged (Pika) pasture was identified, and 20 ha of reseeded (R) and 10 ha resown E. nutans plots (En) were established within the Pika pasture. It was found that plant species number, species diversity, density, height, aboveground biomass and vegetation ground cover all differed in the three kinds of plots. The E. nutans % of biomass in the three pasture types was: Pika 3%, R 55%, and En 91%. The plant species diversity gradient was R>Pika>En. However, vegetation ground cover, density, height and aboveground biomass ranked En>R>Pika. There were significant differences in total burrow number and occupied burrow numbers in the three kinds of plots. Total burrow number per 50 m×50 m sampling plot was 210, 110, and 40 for Pika, R, and En grassland, respectively, while occupied burrow numbers were 120, 50 and 11 for Pika, R, and En grassland. The burrow number in the Pika plot was 2.26 times and 17.09 times that in the R and En plots, respectively. Thus, the data indicate that E. nutans vegetation has a very strong inhibitory effect on occupation by plateau pikas. Correlations between plant species numbers and vegetation characters, and pika population density were also observed. Neither total burrow number, nor available burrow number was significantly correlated with plant species numbers, but burrow numbers did show a quadratic function correlation with Shannon plant species diversity index. There were significantly negative correlations between pika burrow numbers and vegetation cover, density, height and aboveground biomass. These results proved that, compared with undisturbed grassland damaged by pika, the changes of vegetation structure in both reseeded grassland and resown grassland had an important influence on population density of plateau pikas.

Key words: plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae), plant vegetation sturcture, population density, alpine meadow

张灵菲, 卫万荣, 石高宇, 张卫国. 高寒草甸植物群落结构对高原鼠兔种群密度的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(3): 93-100.

ZHANG Ling-fei, WEI Wan-rong, SHI Gao-yu, ZHANG Wei-guo. The effects of plant community structure on population density of plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) in alpine meadow grassland[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(3): 93-100.

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