草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 1-12.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025264
• 研究论文 •
马玉龙1,3,4(
), 邱开阳1,3,4(
), 骆欣怡1,3,4, 张晶晶2, 王雨航1,3,4, 王国会1,3,4, 郑翔1, 海旭莹1, 薛斌5, 谢应忠1,3,4
收稿日期:2025-06-26
修回日期:2025-09-09
出版日期:2026-06-20
发布日期:2026-04-13
通讯作者:
邱开阳
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: kaiyangqiu@nxu.edu.cn基金资助:
Yu-long MA1,3,4(
), Kai-yang QIU1,3,4(
), Xin-yi LUO1,3,4, Jing-jing ZHANG2, Yu-hang WANG1,3,4, Guo-hui WANG1,3,4, Xiang ZHENG1, Xu-ying HAI1, Bin XUE5, Ying-zhong XIE1,3,4
Received:2025-06-26
Revised:2025-09-09
Online:2026-06-20
Published:2026-04-13
Contact:
Kai-yang QIU
摘要:
为探究不同固沙植被恢复模式对土壤理化性质、酶活性和草本植物多样性的影响,以流动沙地为对照(CK),选取沙鞭(SB)、拧条锦鸡儿(N)、细枝羊柴(H)及拧条锦鸡儿×细枝羊柴混交(NH)4种典型固沙模式进行分析。结果表明:1)相较于流动沙地,灌木固沙模式(N,H,NH)提高了土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)和有效磷(AP)含量。AP含量表现为N>H>SB>NH>CK,拧条锦鸡儿(N)样地的AP含量(8.73 mg·kg-1)较CK显著提高了45.5%;TN含量表现为H>N>NH>SB>CK,细枝羊柴(H)样地的TN含量(0.20 g·kg-1)较CK显著提高了263%;而SOC含量(1.51 g·kg-1)和碳氮比(C/N,25.13)均在混交(NH)样地达到最大值,较CK分别提高了55.5%和42.8%。2)土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶和碱性磷酸酶活性均在拧条锦鸡儿(N)样地最高,较CK分别显著提高了73.7%和1315.1%;而β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性排序为SB>NH>CK>H>N,其中沙鞭(SB)样地该酶活性显著最高;β-葡萄糖苷酶与pH、TN及氮磷比(N/P)显著相关,β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶与pH显著正相关。3)沙鞭(SB)样地的草本Pielou均匀度指数显著低于灌木固沙样地。草本Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数与β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶显著负相关,且该酶(R2=0.66,P=0.003)和碳磷比(R2=0.41,P=0.01)是影响草本植物多样性的关键因子。综上,不同固沙植被恢复模式通过调控碳磷比和β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性影响草本植物多样性,混交模式和拧条锦鸡儿分别对碳氮平衡和活化磷素具有重要作用,研究结果可为固沙植被优化配置与可持续治沙提供科学依据。
马玉龙, 邱开阳, 骆欣怡, 张晶晶, 王雨航, 王国会, 郑翔, 海旭莹, 薛斌, 谢应忠. 不同固沙植被恢复模式对土壤理化性质、酶活性和草本植物多样性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(6): 1-12.
Yu-long MA, Kai-yang QIU, Xin-yi LUO, Jing-jing ZHANG, Yu-hang WANG, Guo-hui WANG, Xiang ZHENG, Xu-ying HAI, Bin XUE, Ying-zhong XIE. Effects of different sand-fixing vegetation restoration modes on soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and herbaceous plant diversity[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(6): 1-12.
样地类型 Sample plot type | 营造方式 Establishment method | 平均高度 Average height (cm) | 密度Density (plant/clump·m-2) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 沙鞭P. villosa | 草方格固沙+雨季人工播种Straw checkerboard sand-fixing+artificial seeding in rainy season | 45.76 | 13~30 |
| 拧条锦鸡儿C. korshinskii | 草方格固沙+雨季人工播种Straw checkerboard sand-fixing+artificial seeding in rainy season | 163.43 | 0.05~0.13 |
| 细枝羊柴C. scoparium | 草方格固沙+雨季人工播种Straw checkerboard sand-fixing+artificial seeding in rainy season | 154.74 | 0.12~0.21 |
拧条锦鸡儿×细枝羊柴 C. korshinskii×C. scoparium | 草方格固沙+雨季人工播种Straw checkerboard sand-fixing+artificial seeding in rainy season | 152.87 | 0.07~0.17 |
表1 研究区不同固沙样地基本特征
Table 1 Basic characteristics of the different sand-fixing plots in the study area
样地类型 Sample plot type | 营造方式 Establishment method | 平均高度 Average height (cm) | 密度Density (plant/clump·m-2) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 沙鞭P. villosa | 草方格固沙+雨季人工播种Straw checkerboard sand-fixing+artificial seeding in rainy season | 45.76 | 13~30 |
| 拧条锦鸡儿C. korshinskii | 草方格固沙+雨季人工播种Straw checkerboard sand-fixing+artificial seeding in rainy season | 163.43 | 0.05~0.13 |
| 细枝羊柴C. scoparium | 草方格固沙+雨季人工播种Straw checkerboard sand-fixing+artificial seeding in rainy season | 154.74 | 0.12~0.21 |
拧条锦鸡儿×细枝羊柴 C. korshinskii×C. scoparium | 草方格固沙+雨季人工播种Straw checkerboard sand-fixing+artificial seeding in rainy season | 152.87 | 0.07~0.17 |
图1 不同固沙模式下土壤理化性质的变化不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05) Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level. CK:流动沙地Mobile sand dune;SB:沙鞭P. villosa;N:拧条锦鸡儿C. korshinskii;H:细枝羊柴C. scoparium;NH:拧条锦鸡儿×细枝羊柴混交Mixed plantation of C. korshinskii×C. scoparium. 下同The same below.
Fig.1 Change of soil physico-chemical properties under different sand-fixing modes
| 项目Item | SB | N | H | NH | F | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
重要值 Importance value | 雾冰藜Grubovia dasyphylla | 0.015 | 0.304 | 0.273 | 0.188 | |
| 刺沙蓬Salsola tragus | 0.151 | 0.415 | 0.312 | |||
| 黑沙蒿Artemisia ordosica | 0.015 | 0.006 | ||||
| 短花针茅Stipa breviflora | 0.042 | 0.018 | 0.039 | 0.071 | ||
| 猪毛菜Salsola collina | 0.431 | |||||
| 软毛虫实Corispermum puberulum | 0.158 | 0.193 | 0.356 | |||
| 沙鞭P. villosa | 0.733 | |||||
| 沙米Agriophyllum pungens | 0.089 | 0.034 | 0.065 | |||
| 狗尾草Setaria viridis | 0.037 | 0.004 | ||||
| 阿尔泰狗娃花Aster altaicus | 0.008 | |||||
| 九顶草Enneapogon desvauxii | 0.003 | |||||
| 虎尾草Chloris virgata | 0.003 | |||||
| 猪毛蒿Artemisia scoparia | 0.032 | 0.006 | 0.004 | |||
| 物种丰富度指数Species richness index | 5.00±0.71a | 3.60±0.55a | 4.20±2.16a | 3.60±0.89a | 1.40ns | |
| Simpson优势度指数Simpson’s dominance index | 0.44±0.08b | 0.58±0.08a | 0.55±0.14ab | 0.56±0.05ab | 2.30ns | |
| Shannon-Wiener多样性指数Shannon-Wiener diversity index | 0.81±0.10a | 0.99±0.18a | 0.99±0.40a | 0.96±0.06a | 0.74ns | |
| Pielou均匀度指数Pielou’s evenness index | 0.51±0.07b | 0.78±0.11a | 0.73±0.10a | 0.78±0.15a | 6.64** | |
| 地上生物量Aboveground biomass (g·plant-1) | 79.64±12.89a | 62.48±24.18ab | 60.48±17.51ab | 40.30±12.03b | 4.31* | |
表2 不同固沙模式下草本植物种类组成、物种多样性特征及地上生物量
Table 2 Species composition, species diversity characteristics and aboveground biomass of herbaceous plants under different sand-fixing patterns
| 项目Item | SB | N | H | NH | F | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
重要值 Importance value | 雾冰藜Grubovia dasyphylla | 0.015 | 0.304 | 0.273 | 0.188 | |
| 刺沙蓬Salsola tragus | 0.151 | 0.415 | 0.312 | |||
| 黑沙蒿Artemisia ordosica | 0.015 | 0.006 | ||||
| 短花针茅Stipa breviflora | 0.042 | 0.018 | 0.039 | 0.071 | ||
| 猪毛菜Salsola collina | 0.431 | |||||
| 软毛虫实Corispermum puberulum | 0.158 | 0.193 | 0.356 | |||
| 沙鞭P. villosa | 0.733 | |||||
| 沙米Agriophyllum pungens | 0.089 | 0.034 | 0.065 | |||
| 狗尾草Setaria viridis | 0.037 | 0.004 | ||||
| 阿尔泰狗娃花Aster altaicus | 0.008 | |||||
| 九顶草Enneapogon desvauxii | 0.003 | |||||
| 虎尾草Chloris virgata | 0.003 | |||||
| 猪毛蒿Artemisia scoparia | 0.032 | 0.006 | 0.004 | |||
| 物种丰富度指数Species richness index | 5.00±0.71a | 3.60±0.55a | 4.20±2.16a | 3.60±0.89a | 1.40ns | |
| Simpson优势度指数Simpson’s dominance index | 0.44±0.08b | 0.58±0.08a | 0.55±0.14ab | 0.56±0.05ab | 2.30ns | |
| Shannon-Wiener多样性指数Shannon-Wiener diversity index | 0.81±0.10a | 0.99±0.18a | 0.99±0.40a | 0.96±0.06a | 0.74ns | |
| Pielou均匀度指数Pielou’s evenness index | 0.51±0.07b | 0.78±0.11a | 0.73±0.10a | 0.78±0.15a | 6.64** | |
| 地上生物量Aboveground biomass (g·plant-1) | 79.64±12.89a | 62.48±24.18ab | 60.48±17.51ab | 40.30±12.03b | 4.31* | |
图3 不同固沙模式下土壤理化性质、酶活性及草本植物多样性的Pearson相关性分析红色表示正相关,蓝色表示负相关;*,**和***表示在0.05,0.01和0.001水平上显著相关。Red indicates positive correlation, blue indicates negative correlation; *, ** and *** represent significant correlation at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 levels. S-BG:土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶 Soil β-glucosidase;S-CL:土壤纤维素酶 Soil cellulase;S-NAG:土壤β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶 Soil β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase;S-AKP:土壤碱性磷酸酶 Soil alkaline phosphatase;N/P:氮磷比 N/P ratio;TN:全氮 Total nitrogen;AK:速效钾Available potassium;TP:全磷 Total phosphorus;SOC:土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon;EC:电导率 Electric conductivity;C/P:碳磷比 C/P ratio;SM:土壤水分 Soil moisture;AP:有效磷 Available phosphorus;C/N:碳氮比 C/N ratio;R:物种丰富度 Species richness;D:辛普森优势度指数 Simpson’s dominance index;H′:香农-威纳多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index;E:Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou’s evenness index;AGB:地上生物量 Aboveground biomass.下同The same below.
Fig.3 Pearson correlation analysis of soil physico-chemical properties, enzyme activities and herbaceous plant diversity under different sand-fixing modes
图4 不同固沙模式土壤理化性质和酶活性对草本植物的物种多样性和生物量影响的RDA分析和VPA分析置信椭圆代表不同植物固沙模式土壤理化性质和酶活性的分布情况,红色箭头表示响应变量(草本植物多样性);蓝色箭头表示解释变量(土壤理化性质和酶活性);X1:酶活性;X2:土壤理化性质。Confidence ellipse represents the distribution of soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activity in different plant sand-fixing modes. Red arrow represents the response variable (herb diversity); blue arrows indicate explanatory variables (soil physico-chemical properties and enzyme activity). X1: Enzyme activity; X2: Soil physico-chemical properties.
Fig.4 RDA and VPA of effects of soil physico-chemical properties and enzyme activities on species diversity and biomass of herbaceous plants under different sand-fixing modes
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