高精料诱导的SARA对泌乳期山羊血液和瘤胃液中皮质醇的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 选择7只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的泌乳中期山羊,2×2拉丁方设计,分别饲喂精粗比为6∶4和4∶6的饲料,通过饲喂精粗比6∶4饲料建立泌乳期山羊瘤胃亚急性酸中毒(subacute ruminal acidosis, SARA)模型,研究SARA时山羊血液和瘤胃液中皮质醇浓度、肝脏皮质醇受体(glucocorticoid receptor, GR)mRNA表达及其他相关指标的变化。结果表明,精粗比6∶4日粮饲喂2周后成功诱导SARA状态(SARA组),采食后瘤胃液pH值低于5.8持续时间约6 h,而精粗比为4∶6组山羊瘤胃液pH均高于6.0 (对照组)。高精料日粮处理对瘤胃pH和乳酸以及瘤胃液和血浆内的脂多糖、皮质醇浓度有显著性影响(P<0.05),采食前SARA组山羊瘤胃液中乳酸浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),采食后0~4 h乳酸含量下降,6~10 h时逐渐增加并极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);2组间瘤胃液中脂多糖浓度无显著性差异(P>0.05),SARA组血浆脂多糖浓度在采食前和采食后6 h均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);采食前SARA组山羊血液中皮质醇浓度高于对照组(P=0.05),但采食后6 h两组间无显著差异(P>0.05); 2组山羊瘤胃液中皮质醇浓度在采食后2,4和6 h分别显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但在采食前和采食后10 h无显著差异(P>0.05)。Real-time PCR结果显示,SARA组山羊肝脏中GR mRNA表达显著下调(P<0.05)。本研究结果显示,泌乳期山羊发生SARA时糖皮质激素水平升高,负反馈下调肝脏GR的表达水平,提示SARA时机体处于应激状态,可能引起肝脏的物质代谢和营养物质重分配的改变。

Abstract: Seven goats fitted with permanent rumen cannulas in mid-lactation were used in a 2×2 latin square experiment design with different concentrate to roughage ratio of 6∶4 and 4∶6 respectively. Set up the subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) model by the diet with concentrate to roughage ratio of 6∶4 to study the variations of cortisol concentration in the blood and rumen fluid and glucocorticoid receptor mRNA of goat in mid-lactation. SARA was induced successfully by feeding the SARA group with the diet with concentrate to roughage ration of 6∶4. pH of the rumen fluid of SARA group was below 5.8 after feeding, lasting for about 6 hours while pH of the rumen fluid of control group (concentrate to roughage ratio of 4∶6) was above 6.0. pH and lactic acid of the rumen fluid, LPS and cortisol of rumen fluid and blood were affected by dietary modulation (P<0.05). Comparing with that in the control group, the concentration of lactic acid in rumen fluid of SARA group was significantly high (P<0.01) before feeding and then decreased in four hours after feeding and increased during 6-10 h after feeding, significantly higher (P<0.01). Concentration of LPS in rumen fluid was no significance between the two groups at the same time points (P>0.05), but concentration of LPS in blood of SARA group was significancantly higher than control in 0 and 6 h after feeding (P<0.05); the concentration of cortisol in blood and rumen fluid of SARA group was higher than that in the control group (P=0.05) before feeding, but there was no significance between the two groups after 6 hours after feeding (P>0.05); concentration of cortisol in rumen fluid was significantly higher than control in 2,4 and 6 h after feeding, but no significance between the two goups after 10 hours after feeding (P>0.05). Results of Real-time PCR showed that GR mRNA downgraded significantly (P<0.05). Our results indicates that SARA goats were in stress situation with a significantly higher glucocorticoid concentrations in serum and rumen fluids, accompanied with down-regulation of GR mRNA expression in liver which will change the status of metabolism and nutrition redistribution in liver.

中图分类号:

S827

贾媛媛,王绍庆,常广军,张源淑,庄苏,倪迎冬,沈向真,陈杰,赵茹茜. 高精料诱导的SARA对泌乳期山羊血液和瘤胃液中皮质醇的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2012, 21(4): 259-266.

JIA Yuan-yuan, WANG Shao-qing, CHANG Guang-jun, ZHANG Yuan-shu, ZHUANG Su, NI Ying-dong, SHEN Xiang-zhen, CHEN Jie, ZHAO Ru-qian. Effects of SARA induced by high level concentrate on cortisol concentrations in serum and rumen fluids of the goats during lactation[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(4): 259-266.

参考文献

[1] Jouany J P. Optimizing rumen functions in the close-up transition period and early lactation to drive dry matter intake and energy balance in cows[J]. Animal Reproduction Science, 2006, 96: 250-264.
[2] Oetzel G R. Proceedings of the 33rd annual convention of the American association of bovin epractitioner[J]. Clinical Aspects of Rumnal Acidos is in Dairy Cattle, 2000, 30: 46-53.
[3] 张树金. 奶牛亚急性瘤胃酸中毒(SARA)[J]. 中国动物保健, 2004, 8: 23-24.
[4] Enemark J M D, Peters G, Jorgensen R S, et al. Rumen acidosis with special emphasis on diagnostic aspects of subclinical rumen acidosis: A review[J]. Veterinarijair Zootechnika, 2002, 20: 16-29.
[5] Kleen J L, Hooijer G A, Rehage J, et al. Subacute ruminal acidosis(SARA): A review[J]. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2003, 50(8): 406-414.
[6] Dougherty R W, Coburn K S, Cood H M, et al. Preliminary study of appearance of endotoxin in circulatory system of sheep and cattle after grain engorgement[J]. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 1975, 36: 831-832.
[7] 谭学诗, 庞全海, 梁玉金, 等. 山羊乳酸酸中毒的模拟试验[J]. 中国兽医杂志, 1992, 18(5): 16-17.
[8] Gozho G N, Plaizier J C, Krause D O, et al. Subactute ruminal acidosis induces ruminal lipopolysaccharide endotoxin release and triggers an inflammatory response[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2005, 88: 1399-1403.
[9] Steiger M, Senn M, Altreuther G, et al. Effect of prolonged low dose lipopolysaccharide infusion on feed intake and metabolism in heifers[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 1999, 77: 2523-2532.
[10] Waldron M R, Nishida T, Nonnecke B J, et al. Effect of lipopolysaccharide on indices of peripheral and hepatic metabolism in lactating cows[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2003, 86: 3447-3459.
[11] Niel A, Karrow, You Q M, et al. Activation of the ovine hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and febrile response by interleukin-6: A comparative study with bacterial lipopolysaccharide endotoxin[J]. The Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, 2010, 74: 30-33.
[12] Drouin J, Bilodeau S, Vallette S. Of old and new diseases: genetics of pituitary ACTH excess (Cushing) and deficiency[J]. Clinical Genetics, 2007, 72: 175-182.
[13] Dallman M F, Pecoraro N C, La Fleur S E, et al. Glucocorticoids, chronic stress, and obesity[J]. Progess in Brain Research, 2006, 153: 75-105.
[14] Butts C L, Jones Y L, Lim J K, et al. Tissue expression of steroid hormone receptors is associated with differential immune responsiveness[J]. Brain Behavior Immunity, 2011, 25(5): 1000-1007.
[15] 张龙翔, 张庭芳, 李令媛. 生化实验方法和技术[M]. 2版. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 1997: 422-428.
[16] 苏文伟. 乳酸等指标在奶牛分娩前后的动态变化及相关性研究[D]. 南宁:广西大学, 2008.
[17] Gozho G N, Plaizier J C, Krause D O, et al. Subactute ruminal acidosis induces ruminal lipopolysaccharide endotoxin release and triggers an inflammatory response[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2005, 88: 1399-1403.
[18] Elam C J. Acidosis in feedlot cattle: Practical observations[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 1976, 43: 898-901.
[19] Yang W Z, Beauchemin K A. Effects of physically effective fiber on chewing activity and ruminal pH of dairy cows fed diets based on barley silage[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2006, 89: 217-228.
[20] Krause K M, Oetzel G R. Inducing subacute ruminal acidosis in lactating dairy cows[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2005, 88: 3633-3639.
[21] Keunen J E, Plaizier J C, Kyriazakis L, et al. Effects of a subacute ruminal acidosis model on the diet selection of dairy cows[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2002, 85(12): 3304-3313.
[22] 胡红莲, 卢德勋, 刘大程, 等. 日粮不同NFC/NDF比对奶山羊瘤胃pH值、挥发性脂肪酸及乳酸含量的影响[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2011, 32(9-10): 41-45.
[23] 肖训军. 毛茛科植物提取物对饲喂高碳水化合物饲粮反刍动物瘤胃发酵的影响[D]. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2001.
[24] 李勇, 郝正理, 李发弟, 等. 不同组合饲粮对绵羊瘤胃代谢参数的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2011, 20(3): 136-142.
[25] 倪学勤, 曾东, 彭媛, 等. 麦类提取物对4株乳酸杆菌耐酸能力的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报, 2009, 35(3): 255-260.
[26] 赵芳芳, 郑琛, 李发弟, 等. 菊芋粕对泌乳奶牛的营养价值评定[J]. 草业学报, 2011, 20(6): 264-269.
[27] 吴力专, 陈海燕, 张彬, 等. 外源性金属硫蛋白对中国荷斯坦奶牛产能性能和内分泌的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2011, 20(1): 183-188.
[28] 罗安智. 奶牛蹄底溃疡发病机理和治疗试验研究[D]. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2005.
[29] Gozho G N, Krause D O, Plaizier J C. Rumen lipopolysaccharide and inflammation during grain adaptation and subacute ruminal acidosis in steers[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2006, 89: 4404-4413.
[30] Gozho G N, Krause D O, Plaizier J C. Ruminal lipopolysaccharide concentration and inflammatory response during grain-induced subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2007, 90: 856-866.
[31] Tizard I. Veterinary Immunology an Introduction(Seventh Revised Edition)[M]. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2004.
[32] Sapolsky R M, Romero L M, Munck A U. How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating, permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions[J]. Endocrine Reviews, 2000, 21: 55-89.
[33] 韩正康. 瘤胃代谢的神经内分泌调节[J]. 动物医学进展, 2006, 27(9): 9-13.
[34] 蔡天权, 韩正康, 陈伟华, 等. 17β-雌二醇对瘤胃消化代谢调节的研究[J]. 南京农业大学学报, 1990, 13(增刊): 131-136.
[35] 刘春龙, 李忠秋, 张帆, 等. 大豆黄酮和染料木素对奶牛瘤胃液内主要养分相关酶活性的影响[J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2009, 45(5): 39-41.
[36] Harvey S, Scanes C G, Brown K I. Adrenals[A]. In: Sturkie P D. Avian Physiology(Fourth Revised Edition)[M]. New York: Spinger-Verlag, 1986: 479-493.
[37] 马海港. 长期慢性心理应激对大鼠糖代谢的影响及地黄寡糖的改善作用[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2008.