黄河源头高寒草甸夏季土壤水热特征及相互关系研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 根据青藏高原玛多县2010年6-8月夏季每天24个时次的土壤温湿度、热通量资料,分析了黄河源头高寒草甸夏季土壤温湿度的时空分布特征以及相互作用、土壤温度和热通量的关系;利用Penman公式计算了日蒸散量,分析了与气候因子的相关性。结果表明,黄河源头高寒草甸土壤湿度在夏季各月的日变化上表现出一致的变化趋势,各月、各土层土壤湿度的变化基本一致;各层土壤湿度最高平均值为17.58 m³/m³,出现在7月4日,最低平均值为6.83 m³/m³出现在8月9日;6-8月10 cm土壤湿度最大平均值为15.26 m³/m³,出现在16-17时、最小平均值为14.49 m³/m³,出现在8时;30 cm土壤湿度最大平均值为15.56 m³/m³,出现在22时、0时,最小平均值为15.32 m³/m³,出现在11-13时;夏季各月土壤温度在各层变化趋势一致,土壤温度的梯度变化对土壤湿度变化有很大影响;各层土壤温度最高平均值为17.59℃,出现在7月底8月初,最低平均值为4.57℃,出现在6月1日;通过对土壤温度和热通量的分析,得出:6-8月10和30 cm土壤热通量变化呈正弦曲线,10 cm土壤热通量震荡明显,最大平均值为67.35 W/m²,最小平均值为-21.62 W/m²,而30 cm土壤热通量变化相对平缓,最大平均值为21.33 W/m²,最小平均值为-2.73 W/m²;土壤温度的变化较土壤热通量变化滞后,当土壤热通量下降的时候,土壤温度也在下降;当热通量负值的时候,下层土壤释放热量,是热源;当为正值的时候,下层土壤吸收热量,是热汇。与气候因子的相关分析中得出,对日蒸散量影响显著的气候因子为风速,相关系数为0.8,在0.01水平上显著相关,风速和空气相对湿度是影响日蒸散量变化的主要原因。

Abstract: On the basis of observed data, the spatial-temporal variation characteristics, relationship and interactions between soil temperature,water and soil heat flux are studied. The results shows that there exit same trend everyday on soil moisture in summer at alpine grassland in Yellow River source region. Soil moisture exit same trend in each month in summer. The average maximum value of soil moisture was 17.58 m³/m³, and reached in July 4 in each soil layer. The average minimum value of soil moisture was 6.83 m³/m³, and appeared in August 9 in each soil layer. The maximum value appeared from 16 to 17 O’clock, which was 15.26 m³/m³ in 10 cm soil layer from June to August. The minimum value appeared 8 O’clock, which was 14.49 m³/m³.The minimum value appeared 22 and 0 O’clock, which was 15.56 m³/m³ in 30 cm soil layer from June to August. The minimum value appeared from 11 to 13 O’clock, which was 15.32 m³/m³. Soil temperature exit same trend in each month in summer, soil moisture affected by soil temperature. The average maximum soil temperature value was 17.59℃, which appeared in July and August. The average minimum soil temperature value was 4.57℃, which appeared in June 1. Soil heat flux showed a sine curve change from July to August in 10 and 30 cm soil layer. The maximum and minimum values of soil heat flux were 67.35 and -21.62 W/m² in 10 cm soil layer. The maximum and minimum values of soil heat flux were 21.33 and -2.73 W/m² in 30 cm soil layer. Soil heat flux was more sensitive than soil temperature. Soil heat flux was declined with soil temperature decreased. The soil heat flux was negative, indicating that during this time soil heat transfer from soil to the atmosphere. The soil heat flux was positive, soil heat transfer from the atmosphere to the soil. Daily evapotranspiration was calculated by the formula of Penman and analyzed relationship with climatic factors. Wind speed was significantly affected on daily evapotranspiration, and wind speed and relative humidity were major factors on daily evapotranspiration change.

中图分类号:

S812.2

张娟,李晓东,李凤霞,周秉荣. 黄河源头高寒草甸夏季土壤水热特征及相互关系研究[J]. 草业学报, 2012, 21(6): 306-314.

ZHANG Juan, LI Xiao-dong, LI Feng-xia, ZHOU Bing-rong. Research on characteristics and relationship of soil heat and moisture in summer on alpine grassland in Yellow River source region[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(6): 306-314.

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