青海湖地区紫花针茅草原群落特征

doi:10.11686/cyxb20140402

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 选择青海湖地区典型紫花针茅草原作为研究对象,以大量的样方调查为基础,采用等级聚类、TWINSPAN (two-way indicator species analysis)、DCA (detrended correspondence analysis)、CCA (canonical correspondence analysis)、物种多样性,相关分析等多元数量分析方法,系统研究了紫花针茅草原的群落特征、物种多样性、群落与环境因子的关系。结果表明,所调查的紫花针茅草原是物种组成相对较简单、菊科和禾本科植物最多、北温带分布的属为主体的草原群落。青海湖地区的紫花针茅草原群落可分为4个群丛类型:紫花针茅+多枝黄芪群丛,紫花针茅+矮嵩草群丛,紫花针茅+西北针茅群丛和紫花针茅+川青早熟禾群丛。影响青海湖地区紫花针茅草原群丛分布的主要环境因子首先是以年均降雨量和年均温为代表的气候因子,其次是土壤水分、有机质和全氮磷钾等土壤因子。该区紫花针茅草原群丛均匀度指数和Simpson指数的变化趋势基本一致,紫花针茅+川青早熟禾群丛是各群丛中最高的。物种丰富度受气候和土壤因子的影响大,但Simpson指数和均匀度指数与所调查的所有环境因子都没有显著相关性。本研究揭示了紫花针茅草原群落的内在规律,对维护青海湖地区生态系统平衡具有重要意义。

Abstract: The classification,association and distribution characteristics and relationships between the distributions and environmental factors of Stipa purpurea steppe in the Qinghai Lake region were studied. A combined transect and quadrat method was used to collect field data. Multivariate statistical methods,including cluster analysis,TWINSPAN (two-way indicator species analysis),DCA (detrended correspondence analysis),CCA (canonical correspondence analysis) and correlation analysis,were used to calculate the data on the basis of investigating a large number of vegetation communities in this region. The species composition of S. purpurea in the study area was relatively simple. The dominant families of seed plants were Gramineae and Compositae,and the dominant aerial types of genera were North temperate types. The community in the area could be classified into 4 associations: Ass. S. purpurea+Astragalus polycladus,Ass. S. purpurea+Kobresia humilis,Ass. S. purpurea+Poa indattenuata,Ass. S. purpurea+Sinochasea krylovii. The major environmental factors influencing the distribution of steppe types in the area were first climate factors (mainly average annual precipitation and temperature),then soil factors (mainly soil moisture,organic matter and N,P,K). Changes in evenness index and Simpson index of S. purpurea stepp associations were basically the same,and the indexes of Ass. S. purpurea+Poa indattenuata were the highest. Richness index was largely affected by climate and soil factors,but the Simpson index and evenness index of all environmental factors investigated were not significantly correlated with area. The present study provides the ecological parameters of S. purpurea steppe in the Qinghai Lake region and would be a basis for maintaining the ecosystem equilibrium of ecologically fragile zones.

中图分类号:

S812

岳鹏鹏，卢学峰，叶润蓉，周玉碧，杨仕兵，彭敏. 青海湖地区紫花针茅草原群落特征[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(4): 10-10.

YUE Peng-peng,LU Xue-feng,YE Run-rong,ZHOU Yu-bi,YANG Shi-bing,PENG Min. Community characteristics of Stipa purpurea stepp in the Qinghai Lake region[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(4): 10-10.

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