施磷对滴灌苜蓿干草产量及磷素含量的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2018200

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探讨不同施磷量对滴灌苜蓿干草产量、吸磷量及苜蓿磷素利用效率的影响,明确不同磷素水平下土壤全磷和速效磷的含量分布特征。试验设4种施磷梯度,分别为施P₂O₅ 0 kg·hm^-2(CK)、50 kg·hm^-2(P₁)、100 kg·hm^-2(P₂)、150 kg·hm^-2(P₃),采用滴灌水肥一体化施肥方式,平均分4次分别在返青后的分枝期、第1茬、第2茬、第3茬刈割后3~5 d施入。结果表明,各茬次苜蓿植株叶片、茎秆磷含量在P₂处理下达到最大值,其中叶片磷含量数值分别为0.223%,0.275%,0.292%和0.218%;茎秆磷含量数值分别为0.202%,0.223%,0.201%和0.146%。苜蓿叶片磷含量大于茎秆磷含量。滴灌苜蓿植株的干草产量、吸磷量随着施磷量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,在第1茬P₂处理达到最大值,数值分别为6.54 t·hm^-2和13.78 kg·hm^-2。土壤全磷含量、速效磷含量随着施磷量的增加呈逐渐增大的趋势,且各施磷处理显著大于未施磷处理(P<0.05),滴灌苜蓿总干草产量在P₂处理条件下达到最大,达21.24 t·hm^-2。苜蓿的磷素利用效率为随施磷量的增加呈逐渐降低的趋势,P₁处理苜蓿的磷素利用效率在第1茬达到最大值为28.37%。滴灌苜蓿植株吸磷量与干草产量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。当施P₂O₅为100 kg·hm^-2(P₂)时,能够有效促进苜蓿根系对土壤速效磷的吸收,提高苜蓿磷素利用效率,进而提高滴灌苜蓿干草产量。

关键词: 苜蓿, 磷素利用效率, 全磷, 速效磷, 滴灌

Abstract: This research aimed to explore the effect of different phosphorus (P) fertilizer application rates on the yield and P use efficiency of alfalfa, and to determine the soil total P and available P levels and plant tissue P levels under the different P fertilizer regimes. P fertilizer rates applied in the experiment were (as P₂O₅ equivalent) 0 kg·ha^-1 (CK), 50 kg·ha^-1 (P₁), 100 kg·ha^-1 (P₂) and 150 kg·ha^-1 (P₃). The P fertilizer was applied together with irrigation water under drip irrigation, beginning at the branching stage of spring growth following winter dormancy, and subsequently 3-5 d after the first, second and third cuts. The maximum P concentration of leaves and stems was attained under the P₂ treatment. The P concentration of leaves was 0.223%, 0.275%, 0.292% and 0.218%, under CK, P₁, P₂, and P₃ treatments, respectively; and the corresponding P concentration of stems was 0.202%, 0.223%, 0.201% and 0.146%. Hence, the P concentration of alfalfa leaves was higher than the P concentration of stems. The hay dry matter yield and elemental P yield were also maximized under the P₂ treatment (6.54 t·ha^-1 and 13.78 kg·ha^-1, respectively). Soil total P concentration and available P concentration increased with increased P fertilizer. The P fertilizer treatments had significantly greater soil P than the CK treatment (P<0.05). The P use efficiency decreased with increased P application, and was highest (28.37%) in the P₁ treatment at the first cutting. The phosphorus uptake of drip-irrigated alfalfa was significantly positively correlated with the hay yield of alfalfa (P<0.01). In conclusion, for the P₂ treatment (100 kg·ha^-1 P₂O₅), and this treatment promoted absorption of soil available P by the alfalfa roots, improved the P use efficiency of alfalfa, and improved the hay yield.

Key words: alfalfa, phosphorus use efficiency, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, drip irrigation

孙艳梅, 刘选帅, 张前兵, 吴昊, 张新田, 苗晓茸, 刘俊英, 于磊, 马春晖. 施磷对滴灌苜蓿干草产量及磷素含量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(3): 154-163.

SUN Yan-mei, LIU Xuan-shuai, ZHANG Qian-bing, WU Hao, ZHANG Xin-tian, MIAO Xiao-rong, LIU Jun-ying, YU Lei, MA Chun-hui. Effects of phosphorus application on hay yield and phosphorus contents of alfalfa under drip irrigation[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(3): 154-163.

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