施氮量对柳枝稷叶片叶绿素荧光特性及干物质积累的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究施氮量对柳枝稷叶绿素荧光特性及干物质积累的影响,对提高盐碱地柳枝稷光能利用效率及生物质产量具有重要意义。在宁夏银北地区采用大田试验,以Cave-in-Rock品种柳枝稷为供试材料,在无氮添加(0 kg·hm^-2,N₀)、施低氮(60 kg·hm^-2,N₆₀)、中氮(120 kg·hm^-2,N₁₂₀)和高氮(240 kg·hm^-2,N₂₄₀)共4个施肥水平下,比较了开花期和成熟期柳枝稷叶片叶绿素荧光参数和干物质积累动态变化,采用灰色关联度分析法对柳枝稷叶片叶绿素荧光参数与干物质积累量进行研究。结果表明:与N₀相比,在N₆₀、N₁₂₀和N₂₄₀处理下柳枝稷开花期和成熟期叶片PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、PSⅡ实际光化学量子效率(Φ_PSⅡ)、潜在活性(F_v/F_o)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)和干物质积累量均显著性提高,在N₂₄₀处理下达到峰值,而热耗散量子比率(F_o/F_m)显著性降低。在柳枝稷开花期,随着施氮量的增加,柳枝稷叶片PSⅡ潜在活性(F_v/F_o)显现出先上升后逐渐下降的总趋势。在N₁₂₀处理下柳枝稷叶片PSⅡ潜在活性(F_v/F_o)最大,为3.13,较N₀处理显著提高了16.26%。柳枝稷干物质积累量随着生育时期的推进和施氮量的增加,均有不同程度的提高,其中在开花期至成熟期,干物质积累缓慢,在灌浆期达到最大,成熟后期略有降低。柳枝稷成熟期干物质积累量在N₂₄₀处理下最高,每穴干物质积累达378.13 g,较N₀、N₆₀和N₁₂₀处理显著提高了24.33%、20.09%和7.24%。灰色关联度分析结果表明,在本试验条件范围内,N₂₄₀处理下加权关联度与理想施肥水平的关联度最大,有利于促进PSⅡ的光化学活性,从而提高柳枝稷干物质积累量。

关键词: 施氮量, 柳枝稷, 叶绿素荧光, 灰色关联度分析

Abstract: The effect of nitrogen fertilizer application rate on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and dry matter accumulation of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is of great significance for the improvement of light use efficiency and biomass yield of switchgrass in saline-alkali land. In this research, the patterns of variation in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and dry matter accumulation in switchgrass were studied in field conditions with a range of nitrogen application treatments: no nitrogen (0 kg·ha^-1, N₀), low nitrogen application (60 kg·ha^-1, N₆₀), medium nitrogen application (120 kg·ha^-1, N₁₂₀) and high nitrogen application (240 kg·ha^-1, N₂₄₀), and the comprehensive effect of nitrogen application on chlorophyll fluorescence and dry matter accumulation in switchgrass was evaluated using a multivariate Grey relational analysis procedure. It was found that: under N₆₀, N₁₂₀ and N₂₄₀ treatments, the PSⅡ maximum photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m), PSⅡ actual photochemical quantum efficiency (Φ_PSⅡ), potential activity (F_v/F_o), photochemical quenching (qP), non photochemical quenching (NPQ) and biomass yield were significantly higher, and the heat dissipation of quantum ratio (F_o/F_m) was significantly lower than for the N₀ treatment during the flowering and seed maturation stages of switchgrass development. During the flowering period of switchgrass, the PSⅡ potential activity (F_v/F_o) was initially increased and subsequently decreased across the range of nitrogen application rates, with a maximum observed value of 3.13 at N₁₂₀ (increased 16.26% compared with N₀). The effect of nitrogen application rate on dry matter accumulation differed between the crop growth stages. Dry matter accumulation was high during jointing and booting periods, reached its maximum at the seed filling stage, and decreased slightly thereafter. The maximum observed dry matter accumulation (378.13 g·hole^-1) occurred under the N₂₄₀ treatment during the post-flowering stage and was, respectively, 24.33%, 20.09% and 7.24% higher than that of the N₀, N₆₀ and N₁₂₀ treatments. Grey relational analysis showed that the association between the weighted correlation index and the ideal fertilization level was the highest under the N₂₄₀ treatment. In summary, the N₂₄₀ treatment in this study in the Yinbei saline-alkali area of Ningxia optimized the photochemical activity of PSⅡ and dry matter accumulation of switchgrass.

Key words: nitrogen application, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), chlorophyll fluorescence, grey relational analysis

何海锋, 闫承宏, 吴娜, 刘吉利, 常雯雯. 施氮量对柳枝稷叶片叶绿素荧光特性及干物质积累的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(11): 141-150.

HE Hai-feng, YAN Cheng-hong, WU Na, LIU Ji-li, CHANG Wen-wen. Effects of nitrogen application rate on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and dry matter accumulation in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) leaves[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(11): 141-150.

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