基于平衡施肥的紫花苜蓿光合特性及光合因子的产量效应研究

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019467

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明平衡施肥对紫花苜蓿光合特性及产量的影响,并明确光合特性各因子对紫花苜蓿产量形成的贡献,以“甘农3号”紫花苜蓿为材料,采用“3414”试验设计,通过田间试验研究,探讨了平衡施肥对紫花苜蓿产量形成的关键因子—光合特性的影响及其产量效应。结果表明:1)平衡施肥可通过提高紫花苜蓿的叶绿素含量、RuBP羧化酶活性、光合速率、碳水化合物含量、群体叶面积指数以增强光合特性,并且N 103.5 kg·hm^-2、P₂O₅ 105 kg·hm^-2、K₂O 90 kg·hm^-2配施最有利于提高紫花苜蓿的光合特性;2)平衡施肥可显著提高紫花苜蓿干草产量,以N 103.5 kg·hm^-2、P₂O₅ 105 kg·hm^-2、K₂O 90 kg·hm^-2配施对产量的提高最显著,年总干草产量达到25636.26 kg·hm^-2,相比肥料偏施,平衡施肥才能保障紫花苜蓿高效生产;3)通过主成分归一化分析可知,群体叶面积指数、RuBP羧化酶活性、叶绿素是对紫花苜蓿产量形成贡献率最大的光合因子,其产量贡献率依次为22.8%、21.3%、15.9%。综上,平衡施肥是紫花苜蓿获得高产的重要栽培措施之一;通过调控紫花苜蓿群体叶面积指数、RuBP羧化酶活性和叶绿素含量等主要光合因子,可有效提高紫花苜蓿生产性能。

关键词: 平衡施肥, 紫花苜蓿, 光合特性, 产量效应, 贡献率

Abstract: This research explored the effects of balanced fertilization on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of alfalfa, in order to clarify the contribution of photosynthetic performance to herbage accumulation in alfalfa, in a field experiment. The alfalfa variety ‘Gannong No.3’ alfalfa was used as plant material and the ‘3414’ experimental design, an incomplete factorial of N, P and K fertilizer applications widely used in China over the last 15 years, was adopted in this study. It was found that: 1) Balanced fertilization enhanced the photosynthetic characteristics of alfalfa by increasing chlorophyll content, RuBP carboxylase activity, photosynthetic rate, carbohydrate content and population leaf area index. The combined application of N at 103.5 kg·ha^-1, P₂O₅ at 105 kg·ha^-1 and K₂O at 90 kg·ha^-1 was the combination that optimized the photosynthetic characteristics of alfalfa. This nutrient combination can therefore be described as balanced fertilization. 2) Under balanced fertilization, the hay yield of alfalfa was significantly increased, and the total annual yield reached 25636.26 kg·ha^-1. Compared with other fertilizer combinations tested, balanced fertilization ensured efficient alfalfa production. 3) Through the principal component analysis of normalized data, it was found that the population leaf area index, RuBP carboxylase activity and chlorophyll were the photosynthetic factors that contributed the most to the yield development of alfalfa. The influence on yield of these factors was, respectively, 22.8%, 21.3% and 15.9%. To summarize, balanced fertilization is an important to obtaining a high yield when growing alfalfa, and the production performance of alfalfa can be effectively improved by regulating the main photosynthetic factors such as leaf area index, RuBP carboxylase activity and chlorophyll content.

Key words: balanced fertilization, alfalfa, photosynthetic characteristics, yield effect, contribution rate

童长春, 刘晓静, 蔺芳, 于铁峰. 基于平衡施肥的紫花苜蓿光合特性及光合因子的产量效应研究[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(8): 70-80.

TONG Chang-chun, LIU Xiao-jing, LIN Fang, YU Tie-feng. Yield effect of optimisation of photosynthetic characteristics of alfalfa through balanced fertilization[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(8): 70-80.

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