草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (7): 190-198.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020270
李雪萍1(), 刘梅金2, 许世洋3, 郭建炜2, 漆永红1, 李敏权1()
收稿日期:
2020-06-15
修回日期:
2020-08-25
出版日期:
2021-07-20
发布日期:
2021-06-03
通讯作者:
李敏权
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: liminquan@gsagr.ac.cn基金资助:
Xue-ping LI1(), Mei-jin LIU2, Shi-yang XU3, Jian-wei GUO2, Yong-hong QI1, Min-quan LI1()
Received:
2020-06-15
Revised:
2020-08-25
Online:
2021-07-20
Published:
2021-06-03
Contact:
Min-quan LI
摘要:
青稞在我国西北青藏高原地区广泛种植,根腐病对青稞的生产构成了严重威胁。2016年6-8月,分别对甘肃省甘南藏族自治州、青海省海东市和海北藏族自治州等地苗期和成株期青稞根腐病进行了调查,并采集疑似青稞普通根腐病样品。采用常规的组织分离法分离其病原,测定致病性,进行柯赫氏法则验证。通过形态特征和分子生物学鉴定相结合的方法确定病原的分类地位。结果发现,在我国西北青藏高原地区甘肃省甘南州、青海省海东市和海北州等地均有青稞普通根腐病发生,发病率为5%~15%;其发病症状为叶片呈黄绿色,幼苗瘦弱或死亡,穗白粒瘪,根部发黑、腐烂或断裂;分离鉴定发现其病原为麦根腐平脐蠕孢和链格孢。该研究为国内外首次报道,为青稞根腐病的防控工作提供基础理论依据。
李雪萍, 刘梅金, 许世洋, 郭建炜, 漆永红, 李敏权. 青稞普通根腐病的调查与病原鉴定[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(7): 190-198.
Xue-ping LI, Mei-jin LIU, Shi-yang XU, Jian-wei GUO, Yong-hong QI, Min-quan LI. Investigation and pathogen identification of common root rot of Qingke barley (Hordeum vulgare var. nudum)[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(7): 190-198.
序号 Number | 调查地点 Survey site | 经纬度 Longitude and latitude | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 发病率 Incidence rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 甘肃省甘南藏族自治州临潭县古战乡Guzhan Township, Lintan County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province | 103.307359 E 34.700985 N | 2798 | 5 |
2 | 甘肃省甘南藏族自治州卓尼县柳林镇 Liulin Town, Zhuoni County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province | 103.517277 E 34.593385 N | 2541 | 10 |
3 | 甘肃省甘南藏族自治州合作市卡加曼乡Kajiaman Township, Hezuo City, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province | 102.921680 E 35.092525 N | 2800 | 10 |
4 | 甘肃省甘南藏族自治州卓尼县完冒乡Wanmao Township, Zhuoni County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province | 103.209265 E 34.805948 N | 3036 | 5 |
5 | 甘肃省甘南藏族自治州卓尼县阿子滩乡Azitan Township, Zhuoni County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province | 103.325585 E 34.711857 N | 2855 | 15 |
6 | 青海省海东市互助土族自治县林川乡Linchuan Township, Huzhu Tu Autonomous County, Haidong City, Qinghai Province | 102.043182 E 36.960554 N | 2809 | 15 |
7 | 青海省海北藏族自治州刚察县Gangcha County, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province | 100.152951 E 37.327259 N | 3304 | 10 |
表1 青稞根腐病的调查
Table 1 Investigation on root rot of qinke barley
序号 Number | 调查地点 Survey site | 经纬度 Longitude and latitude | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 发病率 Incidence rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 甘肃省甘南藏族自治州临潭县古战乡Guzhan Township, Lintan County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province | 103.307359 E 34.700985 N | 2798 | 5 |
2 | 甘肃省甘南藏族自治州卓尼县柳林镇 Liulin Town, Zhuoni County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province | 103.517277 E 34.593385 N | 2541 | 10 |
3 | 甘肃省甘南藏族自治州合作市卡加曼乡Kajiaman Township, Hezuo City, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province | 102.921680 E 35.092525 N | 2800 | 10 |
4 | 甘肃省甘南藏族自治州卓尼县完冒乡Wanmao Township, Zhuoni County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province | 103.209265 E 34.805948 N | 3036 | 5 |
5 | 甘肃省甘南藏族自治州卓尼县阿子滩乡Azitan Township, Zhuoni County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province | 103.325585 E 34.711857 N | 2855 | 15 |
6 | 青海省海东市互助土族自治县林川乡Linchuan Township, Huzhu Tu Autonomous County, Haidong City, Qinghai Province | 102.043182 E 36.960554 N | 2809 | 15 |
7 | 青海省海北藏族自治州刚察县Gangcha County, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province | 100.152951 E 37.327259 N | 3304 | 10 |
图1 青稞普通根腐病症状a: 苗期田间发病中心The infection center at seedling stage; b: 苗期发黄瘦弱植株The yellow and emaciated plants at seedling stage; c: 成株期田间成簇白穗株The clustered white-headed plant at mature stage; d: 苗期发黑断裂的根The blackened and fractured root at seedling stage; e: 成株期黑褐断裂的根The black-brown faulted root at mature stage; f: 成株期腐烂的根The decaying roots at mature stage.
Fig.1 Qingke barley common root rot symptoms
图2 麦根腐平脐蠕孢的形态特征a: 菌落背面The back of the colony; b: 菌落正面The front of the colony; c: 分生孢子The conidium; d: 正在萌发的孢子Conidium is sprouting.
Fig.2 Morphological characteristics of B. sorokiniana
菌株编号 Strains number | 发病率 Root rot incidence (%) | 病情指数 Root rot index | 菌株编号 Strains number | 发病率 Root rot incidence (%) | 病情指数 Root rot index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
D13-1 | 86.67±5.77c | 34.17±1.44g | D32-6 | 100.00±0.00a | 88.83±1.44a |
D22-1 | 100.00±0.00a | 45.83±2.88f | Q7-6 | 100.00±0.00a | 87.50±2.50b |
D23-1 | 100.00±0.00a | 58.67±2.31e | NQ4-3 | 96.67±5.77b | 30.00±2.50h |
D26-2 | 100.00±0.00a | 84.17±1.44c | CK | 0 | 0 |
D28-3 | 100.00±0.00a | 80.83±1.44d |
表2 青稞普通根腐病病原-麦根腐平脐蠕孢的致病性
Table 2 The common root rot pathogen of qinke barley-B. sorokiniana pathogenicity
菌株编号 Strains number | 发病率 Root rot incidence (%) | 病情指数 Root rot index | 菌株编号 Strains number | 发病率 Root rot incidence (%) | 病情指数 Root rot index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
D13-1 | 86.67±5.77c | 34.17±1.44g | D32-6 | 100.00±0.00a | 88.83±1.44a |
D22-1 | 100.00±0.00a | 45.83±2.88f | Q7-6 | 100.00±0.00a | 87.50±2.50b |
D23-1 | 100.00±0.00a | 58.67±2.31e | NQ4-3 | 96.67±5.77b | 30.00±2.50h |
D26-2 | 100.00±0.00a | 84.17±1.44c | CK | 0 | 0 |
D28-3 | 100.00±0.00a | 80.83±1.44d |
菌株编号 Strains number | 发病率 Root rot incidence (%) | 病情指数 Root rot index |
---|---|---|
D3-4 | 76.67±5.77b | 28.33±3.82b |
D28-1 | 89.17±1.44a | 36.42±1.50a |
D33-2 | 48.33±2.89d | 15.83±2.89d |
D34-1 | 58.33±2.89c | 26.67±1.44c |
NQ3-4 | 46.67±5.77e | 13.33±3.82e |
CK | 0 | 0 |
表3 链格孢的致病性
Table 3 The A. alternate pathogenicity
菌株编号 Strains number | 发病率 Root rot incidence (%) | 病情指数 Root rot index |
---|---|---|
D3-4 | 76.67±5.77b | 28.33±3.82b |
D28-1 | 89.17±1.44a | 36.42±1.50a |
D33-2 | 48.33±2.89d | 15.83±2.89d |
D34-1 | 58.33±2.89c | 26.67±1.44c |
NQ3-4 | 46.67±5.77e | 13.33±3.82e |
CK | 0 | 0 |
1 | Edward D, Katherine S, Gareth E J, et al. Agronomic diversity of naked barley (Hordeum vulgare L.): A potential resource for breeding new food barley for Europe. Euphytica, 2012(184): 85-99. |
2 | Jarrett J P, Knowlton K F, Pike K L. Barley protein meal for lactating dairy cows: Effects on production, intake, and nutrient excretion. Professional Animal Scientist, 2011, 27(6): 518-524. |
3 | Murray G M, Brennan J P. Estimating disease losses to the Australian barley industry. Australasian Plant Pathology, 2010(39): 85-96. |
4 | Zhong S, Shaukat A, Leng Y, et al. Brachypodium distachyon-Cochliobolus sativus pathosystem is a new model for studying plant-fungal interactions in cereal crops. Phytopathology, 2015, 105(4): 482-489. |
5 | Amira H A. Assessment of yield loss caused by root rots in wheat and barley.Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment, 2010, 8(2): 638-641. |
6 | Mueller K J, Valè G, Enneking D. Selection of resistant spring barley accessions after natural infection with leaf stripe (Pyrenophora graminea) under organic farming condition in Germany and by sandwich test. Journal of Plant Pathology, 2003, 85(1): 9-14. |
7 | Bakri Y, Arabi M I E, Jawhar M. Heterogeneity in the ITS of the ribosomal DNA of Pyrenophora graminea isolates differing in xylanase and amylase production. Microbiology, 2011, 80(4): 492-495. |
8 | Chen W Q, Qi X Q, Niks R E. Localization of genes for partial resistance to Puccinia hordei at the seeding stage in barley by using AFLP marks. Acta Genetica Sinica, 1999, 26(6): 690-694. |
陈万权, 漆小泉, Niks R E. 利用AFLP遗传连锁图定位大麦苗期对叶锈病的部分抗性基因. 遗传学报, 1999, 26(6): 690-694. | |
9 | Liu F L, Wang H. Utilizing EST markers to analyze an adult-plant leaf rust resistance gene on 5H chromosome of barley. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2010, 30(5): 807-812. |
刘凤楼, 王辉. 大麦染色体特异性EST标记在5H短臂成株期叶锈病抗性基因定位中的应用. 麦类作物学报, 2010, 30(5): 807-812. | |
10 | Li X P, Li J H, Qi Y H, et al. Identification of the pathogens causing microdochium root rot on naked barley. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica, 2019, 49(5): 705-710. |
李雪萍, 李建宏, 漆永红, 等. 青稞微座孢根腐病病原鉴定. 植物病理学报, 2019, 49(5): 705-710. | |
11 | Li X P, Li J H, Qi Y H, et al. Effects of naked barley root rot on rhizosphere soil microorganisms and enzyme activity. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37(17): 5640-5649. |
李雪萍, 李建宏, 漆永红, 等. 青稞根腐病对根际土壤微生物及酶活性的影响. 生态学报, 2017, 37(17): 5640-5649. | |
12 | Fang Z D. Methods of plant pathology. Beijing: China Agricultural Press, 1998. |
方中达. 植病研究法. 北京: 中国农业版社, 1998. | |
13 | Li X P. Naked barley root rot diseases and influence on its rhizosphere microecology in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2017. |
李雪萍. 青藏高原青稞根腐类病害及其对根际土壤微生态的影响. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2017. | |
14 | Wei J C. Fungal identification manual. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 1979. |
魏景超. 真菌鉴定手册. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 1979. | |
15 | Zhang T Y. Flora fungorum sinicorum Vol.16 Alternaria. Beijing: Science Press, 2017. |
张天宇. 中国真菌志第16卷链格孢属. 北京: 科学出版社, 2017. | |
16 | Zhang T Y. Flora fungorum sinicorum Vol.30 Helminthosporioid hyphomycetes. Beijing: Science Press, 2017. |
张天宇. 中国真菌志第30卷蠕形分生孢子真菌. 北京: 科学出版社, 2017. | |
17 | Ilija K K, Saša K M, Emilija D K. Bipolaris Sorokiniana (Teleomorph Cochliobolus Sativus)-causer of barley leaf lesions and root rot in Macedonia. Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke, 2009(116): 167-174. |
18 | Mohammad I E, Mohammad J. A simple method for assessing severity of common root rot on barley. The Plant Pathology Journal, 2013, 29(4): 451-453. |
19 | Clear R M, Patrick S K, Gaba D. Prevalence of fungi and fusariotoxins on barley seed from Western Canada, 1995 to 1997. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology,2000, 22: 44-50. |
20 | Turkington T K, Clear R M, Burnett P A, et al. Fungal plant pathogens infecting barley and wheat seed from Alberta, 1995-1997. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology,2002, 24: 302-208. |
21 | Pearse P G, Holzgang G, Weitzel C N, et al. Fusarium head blight in barley and oat in Saskatchewan in 2006. Canadian Plant Disease Survey, 2007(87): 61-62. |
22 | Fernandez M R, Zentner R P, DePauw R M, et al. Impacts of crop production factors on fusarium head blight in barley in Eastern Saskatchewan. Crop Science, 2007(47): 1574-1584. |
23 | Makela K, Maki L. The occurrence of microflora in the stem base and roots of cereals in southern Finland. Annales Agriculturae Fenniae, 1980, 19: 187-222. |
24 | Pua E C, Pelletier R L, Klinck H R. Seedling blight, spot blotch, and common root rot in Quebec and their effect on grain yield in barley. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology,1985(7): 395-401. |
25 | Fedel M R, Harris J R. Stratified distribution of fusarium and bipolaris on wheat and barley with dryland root rot in South Australia. Plant Pathology, 1987(36): 447-454. |
26 | Amira H A. Assessment of yield loss caused by root rots in wheat and barley.Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment, 2010, 8(2): 638-641. |
27 | Ravjit K K, Gordon C, Mac N, et al. Current status of cereal root diseases in Western Australia under intensive cereal production and their comparison with the historical survey conducted during 1976-1982. Journal of Phytopathology, 2013(161): 828-840. |
28 | Ye W, Liu T M, Zhang W M, et al. Disclosure of the molecular mechanism of wheat leaf spot disease caused Bipolaris sorokiniana through comparative transcriptome and metabology analysis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2019, 20(23): 6090. |
29 | Vu A L, Dee M M, Gwinn K D, et al. First report of spot blotch and common root rot caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana on switchgrass in Tennessee. Plant Disease, 2011, 95(9): 1195. |
30 | Guo N, Ni X, Shi J, et al. The occurrence and pathogen identification of leaf spot on maize. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica, 2017, 47(1): 1-8. |
郭宁, 倪漩, 石洁, 等. 玉米麦根腐平脐蠕孢叶斑病的发生与病原鉴定. 植物病理学报, 2017, 47(1): 1-8. | |
31 | Zhang D Z, Li P C, Chen X X, et al. Isolation and identification of the pathogens causing wheat common root rot in Shandong Province. Journal of Plant Protection, 2016, 43(2): 233-240. |
张德珍, 李鹏昌, 陈晓霞, 等. 山东省小麦根腐病病原菌的分离鉴定. 植物保护学报, 2016, 43(2): 233-240. | |
32 | He S Q, Jing Z Q, Ding W J, et al. Identification and biological characteristics of pathogen of oat brown leaf spot in Tibetan. Grassland and Turf, 2011, 31(5): 30-33. |
何苏琴, 荆卓琼, 丁文娇, 等. 西藏秋播燕麦苗期褐斑病病原鉴定及生物学特性研究. 草原与草坪, 2011, 31(5): 30-33. | |
33 | Fang P H, Shi S C, Liu X T, et al. First report of Alternaria black spot of rose caused by Alternaria alternata in China. Journal of Plant Pathology, 2020, 102(1): 273. |
34 | Kazuoki I, Shun T, Mikihiro Y. Alternaria alternata causing black spot of peach produces a host-specific toxin. Journal of General Plant Pathology, 2019, 85(5): 395-400. |
[1] | 祁鹤兴, 芦光新, 李宗仁, 徐成体, 德科加, 周孝娟, 王英成, 马桂花. 青海省青贮玉米链格孢叶枯病病原菌鉴定及其致病力分析[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(6): 94-105. |
[2] | 王春明, 元维伟, 张小杰, 周天旺, 郭成, 金社林. 二月兰叶斑病病原甘蓝链格孢的分离鉴定及生物学特性研究[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(5): 88-97. |
[3] | 方香玲, 张彩霞, 南志标. 紫花苜蓿镰刀菌根腐病研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(12): 169-183. |
[4] | 苗建军, 彭忠利, 高彦华, 郭春华, 王鼎, 付洋洋. 青稞替代玉米对育肥牦牛生产性能和肉品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(1): 95-107. |
[5] | 易铭, 梁嘉俊, 史建, 李洪建, 程积民, 焦锋. 采用EF-1α序列分析法对苜蓿根腐病病原菌——锐顶镰刀菌的鉴定[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(2): 61-68. |
[6] | 柏玉晶, 姚玉玲, 张振粉, 杨成德, 薛莉. 紫花苜蓿根腐病原——厚垣镰刀菌的鉴定及其拮抗菌的筛选[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(2): 78-87. |
[7] | 李彦忠, 徐娜, 汪治刚, 史敏. 沙打旺黄矮根腐病的研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(11): 196-204. |
[8] | 孙广正, 姚拓, 赵桂琴, 李建宏, 陈龙, 刘欢. 植物根际促生菌对两种真菌病害病原的抑制作用及其鉴定[J]. 草业学报, 2016, 25(8): 154-163. |
[9] | 李捷, 冯丽丹, 杨成德, 王有科, 何静, 张宝琳, 陈秀蓉. 接种尖镰孢菌对枸杞苯丙烷代谢关键酶及产物的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2016, 25(5): 87-94. |
[10] | 伍文宪, 刘勇, 黄小琴, 张蕾, 周西全, 刘红雨. 尖孢镰刀菌分子检测技术的建立与应用[J]. 草业学报, 2016, 25(5): 109-115. |
[11] | 贾春旺, 原现军, 肖慎华, 李君风, 白晰, 闻爱友, 郭刚, 邵涛. 青稞秸秆替代苇状羊茅对全混合日粮青贮早期发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2016, 25(4): 179-187. |
[12] | 刘莎莎,程园园,张丹,王晓丹,刘佳莉,郭长虹. 两株紫花苜蓿根际芽孢杆菌的筛选及生防效果研究[J]. 草业学报, 2015, 24(9): 96-103. |
[13] | 李兴龙,李彦忠. 土传病害生物防治研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2015, 24(3): 204-212. |
[14] | 赵庆杰,原现军,郭刚,闻爱友,巴桑,王奇,沈振西,余成群,邵涛. 添加糖蜜和乳酸菌制剂对西藏青稞秸秆和多年生黑麦草混合青贮发酵品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(4): 100-106. |
[15] | 原现军,王奇,李志华,余成群,下条雅敬,邵涛. 添加糖蜜对青稞秸秆和多年生黑麦草混合青贮发酵品质及营养价值的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22(3): 116-. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||