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草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 185-197.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023161

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

苜蓿混播方式及比例对混播草地生产力和稳定性的影响

张永亮(), 滕泽, 郝凤, 于铁峰, 张玉霞   

  1. 内蒙古民族大学农学院,内蒙古 通辽 028042
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-17 修回日期:2023-07-07 出版日期:2024-02-20 发布日期:2023-12-12
  • 通讯作者: 张永亮
  • 作者简介:张永亮(1959-),男,内蒙古包头人,教授,博士。E-mail: zyl8802@163.com
    张永亮(1959-),男,内蒙古包头人,教授,博士。E-mail: zyl8802@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31960352)

Effects of different mixed sowing patterns and sowing ratios of alfalfa on grassland productivity and community stability in grass-legume mixtures

Yong-liang ZHANG(), Ze TENG, Feng HAO, Tie-feng YU, Yu-xia ZHANG   

  1. College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities,Tongliao 028042,China
  • Received:2023-05-17 Revised:2023-07-07 Online:2024-02-20 Published:2023-12-12
  • Contact: Yong-liang ZHANG

摘要:

为了探究适合科尔沁沙地的禾豆混播模式,将紫花苜蓿按8个水平(占单播量的5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%,B1~B8)和2种方式(间行A1和交叉A2)混播到2月龄的无芒雀麦草地,分析混播方式与混播比例对禾豆混播草地生产力和群落稳定性的影响。结果表明:混播方式对第3茬无芒雀麦产量影响显著,A2处理显著高于A1P<0.05)。A1处理1~3茬及全年苜蓿产量均高于A2,其中第3茬及全年苜蓿产量差异显著(P<0.05)。禾豆总产量除2茬A1显著高于A2P<0.05)外,其余无显著差异。A2处理2、3茬无芒雀麦相对密度(RD)和3茬相对产量(RY)显著高于A1。苜蓿混播方式对各茬苜蓿RD和RY没有显著影响,而对全年苜蓿RY影响显著,A1显著高于A2P<0.05)。A1处理2茬及全年相对产量总和(RYT)显著大于A2P<0.05)。随着苜蓿混播比例增加,全年苜蓿产量、禾豆产量和RYT呈增长趋势,而无芒雀麦产量、无芒雀麦和苜蓿RD、RY均呈下降趋势。不同苜蓿混播比例下各茬无芒雀麦RY均小于1,而苜蓿RY均大于1。混播处理全年RYT均大于1,混播20%~40%苜蓿第3茬RYT>1。模糊综合评价结果表明A2B4组合最优,其次是A2B3组合。综合考虑牧草产量和群落稳定性,在固定播量的2月龄无芒雀麦草地上交叉混播15%~20%苜蓿较适宜。

关键词: 禾豆混播, 牧草产量, 种间相容性, 群落稳定性, 模糊综合评价

Abstract:

This research aimed to identify the optimal mixed sowing pattern for grass-legume mixes in Horqin Sandy Land. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) was sown into 2-month-old smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis) in two patterns (inter-row sowing, A1, and crossed row sowing, A2) at eight mixed sowing ratios (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and 40%, calculated based on single plant density; Treatments B1-B8, respectively). Three cuts were made during the growing season and bromegrass yield, alfalfa yield, and total herbage yield were determined for each cut and on an annual basis. Comparing sowing patterns A1 and A2, grass yield and legume yield differed only in Cut 3, with A2>A1 for grass yield and A1>A2 for legume yield while for combined grass+legume yield there was a significant difference (P<0.05) for all three cuts and in the annual total with A1>A2 in all cases. Across the mixed sowing ratios B1-B8, alfalfa and total herbage yield increased, while smooth bromegrass yield decreased (P<0.05). With respect to relative density (RD), grass RD was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the A2 than the A1 sowing pattern in Cuts 2 and 3, but legume RD did not differ between A1 and A2 sowing patterns in any of the three cuts. Across the mixed sowing ratios B1-B8, RD generally decreased for grasses in cuts 2 and 3 and for the legume component in all three cuts (P<0.05). The relative yield (RY) differed between A1 and A2 sowing patterns for bromegrass only in Cut 3 (A2>A1) and for alfalfa only for the annual total (A1>A2P<0.05). For both bromegrass and alfalfa, RY decreased (P<0.05) across the mixture ratio series from B1 to B8 for all three cuts, and for the annual total. The results of fuzzy multivariateanalysis showed that the A2B4 combination was the best, followed by the A2B3 combination. Considering forage yield and stability of the sown mixture, the recommended practice based on these data is cross-sowing alfalfa into 2-month-old smooth bromegrass stands at a plant density of 15%-20% of the grass single-plant sowing rate.

Key words: grass-legume mixture, forage yield, interspecific compatibility, community stability, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation