草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 47-59.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023204
张晓曦1,2(), 胡嘉伟1, 王星1, 李江文1,2, 刘凯旋1, 陈灵素1, 董雨欣1, 王子泉1, 陈锦强1
收稿日期:
2023-06-15
修回日期:
2023-07-03
出版日期:
2024-04-20
发布日期:
2024-01-15
通讯作者:
张晓曦
作者简介:
张晓曦(1990-),男,蒙古族,内蒙古锡林郭勒人,副教授,博士。E-mail: zhangxiaoxi712100@gmail.com基金资助:
Xiao-xi ZHANG1,2(), Jia-wei HU1, Xing WANG1, Jiang-wen LI1,2, Kai-xuan LIU1, Ling-su CHEN1, Yu-xin DONG1, Zi-quan WANG1, Jin-qiang CHEN1
Received:
2023-06-15
Revised:
2023-07-03
Online:
2024-04-20
Published:
2024-01-15
Contact:
Xiao-xi ZHANG
摘要:
以白三叶、苇状羊茅和多年生黑麦草3种北方常见草坪草为对象,通过室内砂培试验,研究了火炬树幼苗根、皮和叶的水浸提液在12.5、25.0和50.0 g·L-1浓度下对受体植物种子萌发、幼苗生长以及生理指标的影响。并基于不同指标对应化感效应指数进行主成分分析获取的综合主成分值(F)评价各处理对3种草坪草的综合抑制程度,以期明确火炬树幼苗的潜在化感效应及其作用规律。结果表明:火炬树幼苗对受体植物各类指标的化感效应普遍受到化感物质来源器官、浸提液浓度和受体植物种类,以及上述因素交互作用的显著影响(P<0.05)。其中,火炬树所有器官的浸提液在各浓度下均使白三叶在苗期全部死亡。其根、皮和叶浸提液均显著抑制了苇状羊茅的种子萌发和幼苗生长,但仅后两者的综合抑制程度随浸提液浓度增加持续增强(F值降低1.07~2.77);浓度一致时,火炬树对苇状羊茅的综合抑制程度均为叶和皮>根(F值较后者低0.98~3.23)。火炬树根和皮浸提液对多年生黑麦草的综合抑制程度随浓度增加呈先增后降趋势,叶浸提液的抑制程度则随浓度增加呈持续增强趋势(F值降低1.11),且所有器官浸提液对多年生黑麦草的化感抑制普遍强于其对苇状羊茅的抑制(F值较后者低0.64~2.96);浓度一致时,在12.5和50.0 g·L-1浓度下叶浸提液的综合抑制程度强于其他器官(F值较其他器官低0.44~1.55),而在25.0 g·L-1浓度下皮浸提液的抑制程度最强(F值低0.51~0.69)。综上所述,在火炬树下种植草坪植物时建议优先考虑苇状羊茅而应避免种植白三叶。
张晓曦, 胡嘉伟, 王星, 李江文, 刘凯旋, 陈灵素, 董雨欣, 王子泉, 陈锦强. 火炬树根蘖幼苗对3种草坪草种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感效应[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(4): 47-59.
Xiao-xi ZHANG, Jia-wei HU, Xing WANG, Jiang-wen LI, Kai-xuan LIU, Ling-su CHEN, Yu-xin DONG, Zi-quan WANG, Jin-qiang CHEN. Allelopathic effects of Rhus typhina tillering seedlings on seed germination and seedling growth of three common turf species[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(4): 47-59.
影响因素 Factors | 发芽率Germination rate (%) | 发芽指数Germination index | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
F | P | F | P | |
受体植物 Receiver plant (R) | 1.547 | 0.220 | 50.553 | <0.001 |
供体器官 Organs (O) | 3.354 | 0.043 | 11.469 | <0.001 |
浓度 Concentration (C) | 42.425 | <0.001 | 11.166 | <0.001 |
R×O | 8.637 | 0.001 | 3.011 | 0.024 |
R×C | 3.954 | 0.013 | 0.766 | 0.599 |
O×C | 1.690 | 0.144 | 2.634 | 0.023 |
R×O×C | 1.254 | 0.296 | 0.689 | 0.757 |
表1 化感作用对种子萌发指标影响的三因素方差分析
Table 1 Three-way analysis of variances of the allelopathic effects on seed germination
影响因素 Factors | 发芽率Germination rate (%) | 发芽指数Germination index | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
F | P | F | P | |
受体植物 Receiver plant (R) | 1.547 | 0.220 | 50.553 | <0.001 |
供体器官 Organs (O) | 3.354 | 0.043 | 11.469 | <0.001 |
浓度 Concentration (C) | 42.425 | <0.001 | 11.166 | <0.001 |
R×O | 8.637 | 0.001 | 3.011 | 0.024 |
R×C | 3.954 | 0.013 | 0.766 | 0.599 |
O×C | 1.690 | 0.144 | 2.634 | 0.023 |
R×O×C | 1.254 | 0.296 | 0.689 | 0.757 |
浸提液 Extracts | 浓度Concentration (g·L-1) | 发芽率Germination rate (%) | 发芽指数Germination index | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
白三叶T.r. | 苇状羊茅F.a. | 多年生黑麦草L.p. | 白三叶T.r. | 苇状羊茅F.a. | 多年生黑麦草L.p. | ||
对照CK | 0 | 0.87±0.03a | 0.85±0.01abc | 0.95±0.02ab | 11.24±0.81ab | 5.50±0.40a | 9.94±0.50a |
根Root | 12.5 | 0.72±0.06b | 0.88±0.02ab | 0.94±0.01ab | 9.85±1.66abc | 4.58±0.28ab | 7.96±0.83ab |
25.0 | 0.83±0.02a | 0.87±0.05ab | 0.89±0.02bc | 13.36±4.96a | 4.57±0.18ab | 7.68±1.20abc | |
50.0 | 0.86±0.03a | 0.87±0.03ab | 0.94±0.01ab | 11.23±1.85ab | 4.65±0.35ab | 9.22±1.63a | |
皮Bark | 12.5 | 0.79±0.04ab | 0.94±0.03a | 0.91±0.02abc | 7.90±0.97bc | 4.42±0.12bc | 8.46±1.36ab |
25.0 | 0.84±0.02a | 0.82±0.04bc | 0.89±0.02bc | 5.54±0.24c | 3.40±0.26c | 5.40±0.25c | |
50.0 | 0.80±0.00ab | 0.83±0.03bc | 0.91±0.04abc | 5.10±0.06c | 3.41±0.10c | 5.51±0.32c | |
叶Leaf | 12.5 | 0.85±0.07a | 0.82±0.01bc | 0.92±0.01abc | 7.10±0.65bc | 4.12±0.21bc | 6.50±0.43bc |
25.0 | 0.76±0.07ab | 0.77±0.04c | 0.96±0.02a | 6.32±1.20bc | 3.63±0.38bc | 6.45±0.22bc | |
50.0 | 0.85±0.01a | 0.83±0.05bc | 0.87±0.03c | 6.42±0.61bc | 4.00±0.78bc | 6.73±0.74bc |
表2 化感作用对种子萌发的影响
Table 2 Effects of allelopathy on seed germination
浸提液 Extracts | 浓度Concentration (g·L-1) | 发芽率Germination rate (%) | 发芽指数Germination index | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
白三叶T.r. | 苇状羊茅F.a. | 多年生黑麦草L.p. | 白三叶T.r. | 苇状羊茅F.a. | 多年生黑麦草L.p. | ||
对照CK | 0 | 0.87±0.03a | 0.85±0.01abc | 0.95±0.02ab | 11.24±0.81ab | 5.50±0.40a | 9.94±0.50a |
根Root | 12.5 | 0.72±0.06b | 0.88±0.02ab | 0.94±0.01ab | 9.85±1.66abc | 4.58±0.28ab | 7.96±0.83ab |
25.0 | 0.83±0.02a | 0.87±0.05ab | 0.89±0.02bc | 13.36±4.96a | 4.57±0.18ab | 7.68±1.20abc | |
50.0 | 0.86±0.03a | 0.87±0.03ab | 0.94±0.01ab | 11.23±1.85ab | 4.65±0.35ab | 9.22±1.63a | |
皮Bark | 12.5 | 0.79±0.04ab | 0.94±0.03a | 0.91±0.02abc | 7.90±0.97bc | 4.42±0.12bc | 8.46±1.36ab |
25.0 | 0.84±0.02a | 0.82±0.04bc | 0.89±0.02bc | 5.54±0.24c | 3.40±0.26c | 5.40±0.25c | |
50.0 | 0.80±0.00ab | 0.83±0.03bc | 0.91±0.04abc | 5.10±0.06c | 3.41±0.10c | 5.51±0.32c | |
叶Leaf | 12.5 | 0.85±0.07a | 0.82±0.01bc | 0.92±0.01abc | 7.10±0.65bc | 4.12±0.21bc | 6.50±0.43bc |
25.0 | 0.76±0.07ab | 0.77±0.04c | 0.96±0.02a | 6.32±1.20bc | 3.63±0.38bc | 6.45±0.22bc | |
50.0 | 0.85±0.01a | 0.83±0.05bc | 0.87±0.03c | 6.42±0.61bc | 4.00±0.78bc | 6.73±0.74bc |
图1 化感作用对受体植物幼苗生长的影响不同字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05);白三叶幼苗存活率为0,未测得相应指标;R:受体植物种类,O:供体器官,C:浸提液浓度,×代表因素间交互效应;*和**分别代表某个因素或因素间交互效应对相应指标的影响达到显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)水平,无显著性注释时,代表所有因素及其交互效应均对该指标无显著影响。下同。Different letters on the same columns indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05). Values of these indices of T. repens could not be measured as all its seedlings dead before measurement. R: Receiver plant, O: Organs, C: Concentration of extracts, × represents the interactions among factors, * and ** indicate significant (P<0.05) and extremely significant (P<0.01) effects of given factor or interaction among given factors on corresponding indicators, the missing of significance notes indicate that all factors and their interactions exhibited no significant effects on given indicators. The same below.
Fig.1 Allelopathic effects on seedling growth of receiver plants
图4 受体植物幼苗生长及生理指标间的Pearson相关性分析SL: 苗高Shoot length; RL: 根长Root length; SB: 地上生物量Shoot biomass; RB: 地下生物量Root biomass; RS: 根长/苗高Root length/shoot length; SS: 幼苗存活率Survival rate of seedings; AS: 幼苗活力指数Activity index of seedling; Chl a: 叶绿素a含量Content of chlorophyll a; Chl b: 叶绿素b含量Content of chlorophyll b; Chl a/b: 叶绿素a/叶绿素b Ratio of chlorophyll a/b; RA: 根系活力Root activity; POD: 过氧化物酶活性Activity of peroxidase; CAT: 过氧化氢酶活性Activity of catalase; SOD: 超氧化物歧化酶活性Activity of superoxide dismutase; MDA: 丙二醛含量Content of malondialdehyde; *: P<0.05.
Fig.4 Pearson correlation analysis of the growth and physiological indices of seedling of receiver plants
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