欢迎访问《草业学报》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (7): 119-129.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023323

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

20~35 kg川中黑山羊蛋白质需要量研究

杨尚霖1,2(), 吴璇1(), 罗巧慧1,2, 黄太华1, 张正帆1, 史海涛1(), 郭春华1()   

  1. 1.西南民族大学畜牧兽医学院,四川 成都 610041
    2.阿坝职业学院,四川 阿坝 623200
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-05 修回日期:2023-11-23 出版日期:2024-07-20 发布日期:2024-04-08
  • 通讯作者: 史海涛,郭春华
  • 作者简介:531893818@qq.com
    E-mail: shihaitao010@163.com
    杨尚霖(1989-),男,辽宁本溪人,硕士。E-mail: 977579124@qq.com
    吴璇(1993-),女,河南鹤壁人,硕士。E-mail: 271459094@qq.com第一联系人:共同第一作者These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31902187);四川肉羊创新团队建设专项经费(CXTD2019-14);西南民族大学“双一流”项目(XM2023005)

A study of the protein requirements of 20-35 kg Chuanzhong black goats

Shang-lin YANG1,2(), Xuan WU1(), Qiao-hui LUO1,2, Tai-hua HUANG1, Zheng-fan ZHANG1, Hai-tao SHI1(), Chun-hua GUO1()   

  1. 1.College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China
    2.ABa Vocational College,Aba 623200,China
  • Received:2023-09-05 Revised:2023-11-23 Online:2024-07-20 Published:2024-04-08
  • Contact: Hai-tao SHI,Chun-hua GUO

摘要:

旨在研究生长期川中黑山羊的蛋白质需要量,为川中黑山羊的科学饲养提供营养需要参数。选择2.5月龄(19.97±5.47) kg断奶川中黑山羊羯羊22只,试验开始时屠宰4只,其余18只羔羊分为3个饲喂水平组,分别为自由采食组(AL组)、75%自由采食组(AL75组)、60%自由采食组(AL60组),每组6只羊。试验羊单笼单饲,试验期96 d。在饲养试验结束前4 d开展消化代谢试验,收集全粪全尿。当AL组试验羊平均体重达到35 kg时结束饲养试验,每组选取接近该组平均体重的4只羊(共12只)进行屠宰,屠体冷冻保存待测。结果表明:1)川中黑山羊试验末期AL组公羊平均体重极显著高于AL60组(P<0.01);AL75和AL60组公羊净增重、平均日增重(ADG)、平均干物质采食量(DMI)极显著低于AL组(P<0.01);AL60组料重比显著高于AL和AL75组(P<0.05);2)AL组黑山羊宰前活重、空腹体重、胴体重、净肉重均极显著(P<0.01)高于AL75和AL60组,而屠宰率、净肉率、胴体净肉率、肉骨比3组间均无显著差异(P>0.05),AL组的骨重显著高于AL75和AL60组(P<0.05);3)AL、AL75和AL60组山羊的心脏、脾脏、肺脏器官指数和皮毛器官指数差异不显著(P>0.05),AL组肝脏器官指数极显著高于AL75和AL60组(P<0.01),肾脏器官指数随饲喂水平下降显著降低(P<0.01);4)20~35 kg川中黑山羊公羊的维持净蛋白质需要量为1.60 g·kg-1·BW-0.75·d-1,日增重100~300 g·d-1的川中黑山羊生长净蛋白质需要量Npg=13.13~40.13 g·d-1,净蛋白质的总需要量Npr=28.26~63.15 g·d-1。本研究可为我国地方品种山羊饲养标准的优化提供数据参考。

关键词: 川中黑山羊, 蛋白质, 饲喂水平, 营养需要量

Abstract:

This study was conducted to determine the protein requirements of Chuanzhong black goat wethers with body weight ranging from 20-35 kg. One aim was to provide data for the improvement of goat feeding standards in China. A total of twenty-two 2.5-month-old Chuanzhong black goat wethers (BW=19.97±5.47 kg) were selected. Four kids were used in an initial comparative slaughtering trial, the eighteen remaining kids were used in a feeding and digestion-metabolism trial. The pre-feeding period was 14 days, and the formal trial was 82 days. Animals were divided into 3 treatments: an ad libitum feeding group (AL Group), a 75% ad libitum feeding group (AL75 Group) and a 60% ad libitum feeding group (AL60 Group). There were thus 6 kids (replicates) per treatment, and 1 kid per replicate. A digestion-metabolism study was performed 4 days before the end of the feeding test to collect all feces and urine. When the average weight of the test kids in the AL Group reached 35 kg, the feeding test was ended, and 4 kids (a total of 12) close to the average weight of the group, were selected for slaughter in each group. The carcasses were cryopreserved to be tested. It was found that: 1) the final body weight in the AL Group was significantly higher than that of the AL60 Group (P<0.01). The net weight gains, average daily gains and dry matter intakes in the AL75 Group and the AL60 Group were significantly lower than those in the AL Group (P<0.01). The ratio of feed to weight of the AL60 Group was significantly higher than that of AL Group and the AL75 Group (P<0.05). 2) The live weights, fasting weights, carcass weights and net meat weights of goats in the AL Group were significantly higher (P<0.01) than those in the AL75 Group and AL60 Group. There were no significant differences in slaughter rates, net meat rates, carcass net meat rates and meat-to-bone ratios (P>0.05). The bone weights of the AL Group were significantly higher than those in the AL75 Group and the AL60 Group (P<0.05). 3) The differences in heart, spleen, and lung organ index of goats in the three treatment groups were not significant (P>0.05); the AL Group liver organ index was significantly higher than that of the AL75 Group and the AL60 Group (P<0.01), and the kidney organ index decreased significantly (P<0.01) with decrease in feeding level. 4) The maintenance net protein requirement of the 20-35 kg Sichuan black goats was determined as 1.60 g·kg-1·BW-0.75·d-1; while the net protein requirement for growth of goats with a daily gain of 100-300 g·d-1 (Npg) was 13.13-40.13 g·d-1, and the total protein requirement (Npr) was 28.26-63.15 g·d-1. These findings for Chuanzhong black goats provide a data reference for the improvement of local sheep and goat meat production and breeding standards in China.

Key words: Chuanzhong black goat, protein, feeding level, nutrient requirements