草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (7): 15-24.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023299
刘莉莉1(), 王月霖1, 李海燕1(), 丰吉1, 初丽爽1, 杨允菲1, 兰理实2(), 郭健3
收稿日期:
2023-08-29
修回日期:
2023-10-17
出版日期:
2024-07-20
发布日期:
2024-04-08
通讯作者:
李海燕,兰理实
作者简介:
E-mail: lihy697@nenu.edu.cn基金资助:
Li-li LIU1(), Yue-lin WANG1, Hai-yan LI1(), Ji FENG1, Li-shuang CHU1, Yun-fei YANG1, Li-shi LAN2(), Jian GUO3
Received:
2023-08-29
Revised:
2023-10-17
Online:
2024-07-20
Published:
2024-04-08
Contact:
Hai-yan LI,Li-shi LAN
摘要:
营养繁殖是无性系草本植物种群更新的主要方式,根茎型草本植物通过营养繁殖形成的构件年龄结构在种群现状分析、动态预测和恢复演替动态分析中发挥着重要作用。本研究以东北退化草原恢复演替系列5个阶段中主要无性系草本植物羊草和寸草为研究对象,对两植物种分株和根茎的年龄结构、各龄级分株生产力、根茎贮藏力以及分株和根茎营养繁殖力进行了对比分析。结果表明:各恢复演替阶段羊草和寸草分株均呈增长型年龄结构,根茎呈稳定型或增长型年龄结构。不同恢复演替阶段羊草分株生产力和根茎贮藏力均强于寸草。随草原恢复演替的进程,羊草1 a根茎贮藏力呈显著上升趋势,寸草2 a分株生产力呈显著下降趋势。羊草与寸草共生的恢复演替阶段中,羊草根茎营养繁殖力均强于寸草。总体上,不同恢复演替阶段中羊草与寸草构件年龄结构特征具有相似性,但随草原恢复演替的进程,羊草种群增强幼龄和壮龄分株营养繁殖力的繁殖策略较寸草种群仅增强幼龄分株营养繁殖力的繁殖策略更有利于种群的维持和扩展。羊草将逐渐取代寸草成为群落中的优势种。
刘莉莉, 王月霖, 李海燕, 丰吉, 初丽爽, 杨允菲, 兰理实, 郭健. 东北退化草原恢复演替系列羊草和寸草无性系种群构件营养繁殖特征比较[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(7): 15-24.
Li-li LIU, Yue-lin WANG, Hai-yan LI, Ji FENG, Li-shuang CHU, Yun-fei YANG, Li-shi LAN, Jian GUO. Comparison of vegetative propagation characteristics of modules between Leymus chinensis and Carex duriuscula clonal populations in a restoration succession series in northeast degraded grassland[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(7): 15-24.
因素 Factor | 羊草L. chinensis | 寸草C. duriuscula | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
数量Number | 生物量Biomass | 数量Number | 生物量Biomass | |
演替阶段Successional stages | 10.76* | 11.39* | 35.29* | 39.55* |
龄级 Age classes | 34.53* | 38.03* | 51.76* | 109.98* |
演替阶段×龄级Successional stages×age classes | 8.22* | 8.49* | 12.97* | 28.03* |
表1 演替阶段和龄级对羊草和寸草种群分株数量特征影响的双因素方差分析(F值)
Table 1 Two-way ANOVA of the effects of successional stages and age classes on the quantitative characters of tillers of L. chinensis and C. duriuscula (F value)
因素 Factor | 羊草L. chinensis | 寸草C. duriuscula | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
数量Number | 生物量Biomass | 数量Number | 生物量Biomass | |
演替阶段Successional stages | 10.76* | 11.39* | 35.29* | 39.55* |
龄级 Age classes | 34.53* | 38.03* | 51.76* | 109.98* |
演替阶段×龄级Successional stages×age classes | 8.22* | 8.49* | 12.97* | 28.03* |
数量特征 Quantitative characteristics | 演替阶段 Successional stages | 分株龄级Tiller age class | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 a | 2 a | 总计 Total | |||||
羊草L. chinensis | 寸草C. duriuscula | 羊草L. chinensis | 寸草C. duriuscula | 羊草L. chinensis | 寸草C. duriuscula | ||
数量 Number (tillers·m-2) | 1∶0 | - | 816.0±137.9a* | - | 213.3±37.3a | - | 1029.3±153.6a |
4∶1 | 42.7±5.3b | 240.0±37.5b* | 26.7±5.3a | 104.0±19.0b | 69.3±5.3b | 344.0±49.1b | |
1∶1 | 58.7±10.7b | 153.6±47.9b | 32.0±9.2a | 89.6±19.3b | 90.7±19.2b | 243.2±62.1bc | |
1∶4 | 264.0±38.4a* | 108.8±27.4b* | 28.0±7.7a | 0c | 292.0±39.9a | 108.8±27.4c | |
0∶1 | 304.0±53.3a* | - | 54.4±12.0a | - | 358.4±64.3a | - | |
生物量 Biomass (g·m-2) | 1∶0 | - | 111.2±16.4a* | - | 12.7±2.4a | - | 123.9±15.6a |
4∶1 | 33.6±6.1b | 38.1±5.7b* | 18.7±8.9a | 12.6±1.6a | 52.3±7.1b | 50.8±7.4b | |
1∶1 | 40.5±5.7b* | 23.4±3.1bc* | 10.3±0.8a | 11.5±3.1a | 50.8±6.4b | 34.8±5.2bc | |
1∶4 | 216.6±40.5a* | 13.0±3.3c* | 8.5±1.5a | 0b | 225.2±40.2a | 13.0±3.3c | |
0∶1 | 262.3±41.8a* | - | 40.0±12.2a | - | 302.3±50.7a | - |
表2 不同演替阶段羊草和寸草种群分株年龄结构
Table 2 Age structures of tillers in L. chinensis and C. duriuscula populations at different successional stages (n=5)
数量特征 Quantitative characteristics | 演替阶段 Successional stages | 分株龄级Tiller age class | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 a | 2 a | 总计 Total | |||||
羊草L. chinensis | 寸草C. duriuscula | 羊草L. chinensis | 寸草C. duriuscula | 羊草L. chinensis | 寸草C. duriuscula | ||
数量 Number (tillers·m-2) | 1∶0 | - | 816.0±137.9a* | - | 213.3±37.3a | - | 1029.3±153.6a |
4∶1 | 42.7±5.3b | 240.0±37.5b* | 26.7±5.3a | 104.0±19.0b | 69.3±5.3b | 344.0±49.1b | |
1∶1 | 58.7±10.7b | 153.6±47.9b | 32.0±9.2a | 89.6±19.3b | 90.7±19.2b | 243.2±62.1bc | |
1∶4 | 264.0±38.4a* | 108.8±27.4b* | 28.0±7.7a | 0c | 292.0±39.9a | 108.8±27.4c | |
0∶1 | 304.0±53.3a* | - | 54.4±12.0a | - | 358.4±64.3a | - | |
生物量 Biomass (g·m-2) | 1∶0 | - | 111.2±16.4a* | - | 12.7±2.4a | - | 123.9±15.6a |
4∶1 | 33.6±6.1b | 38.1±5.7b* | 18.7±8.9a | 12.6±1.6a | 52.3±7.1b | 50.8±7.4b | |
1∶1 | 40.5±5.7b* | 23.4±3.1bc* | 10.3±0.8a | 11.5±3.1a | 50.8±6.4b | 34.8±5.2bc | |
1∶4 | 216.6±40.5a* | 13.0±3.3c* | 8.5±1.5a | 0b | 225.2±40.2a | 13.0±3.3c | |
0∶1 | 262.3±41.8a* | - | 40.0±12.2a | - | 302.3±50.7a | - |
因素 Factor | 羊草L. chinensis | 寸草C. duriuscula | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
长度Length | 生物量Biomass | 长度Length | 生物量Biomass | |
演替阶段 Successional stages | 70.42* | 50.18* | 23.84* | 19.82* |
龄级 Age classes | 19.19* | 2.88 | 43.27* | 54.41* |
演替阶段×龄级Successional stages×age classes | 20.09* | 15.20* | 6.55* | 9.09* |
表3 演替阶段和龄级对羊草和寸草种群根茎数量特征影响的双因素方差分析(F值)
Table 3 Two-way ANOVA of the effects of successional stages and age classes on the quantitative characters of rhizomes of L. chinensis and C. duriuscula (F value)
因素 Factor | 羊草L. chinensis | 寸草C. duriuscula | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
长度Length | 生物量Biomass | 长度Length | 生物量Biomass | |
演替阶段 Successional stages | 70.42* | 50.18* | 23.84* | 19.82* |
龄级 Age classes | 19.19* | 2.88 | 43.27* | 54.41* |
演替阶段×龄级Successional stages×age classes | 20.09* | 15.20* | 6.55* | 9.09* |
数量特征 Quantitative characteristics | 演替阶段 Successional stages | 根茎龄级Rhizome age class | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 a | 2 a | 总计 Total | |||||
羊草L. chinensis | 寸草C. duriuscula | 羊草L. chinensis | 寸草C. duriuscula | 羊草L. chinensis | 寸草C. duriuscula | ||
长度 Length (m·m-2) | 1∶0 | - | 36.5±12.6a | - | 104.2±23.3a | - | 140.7±35.7a |
4∶1 | 6.0±1.9b | 7.8±3.9b | 21.7±3.8b* | 59.0±10.0b* | 27.8±5.0c | 66.8±9.4b | |
1∶1 | 7.1±0.6b | 8.1±2.0b | 18.1±4.1b | 21.3±3.6c* | 25.2±4.1c | 29.4±2.5bc | |
1∶4 | 16.8±2.3b | 2.0±0.6b | 57.5±6.6a* | 12.4±3.6c* | 74.2±5.6b | 14.4±3.4c | |
0∶1 | 70.0±4.5a* | - | 53.6±2.7a | - | 123.6±4.6a | - | |
生物量 Biomass (g·m-2) | 1∶0 | - | 10.1±4.5a | - | 40.5±8.7a* | - | 50.7±12.7a |
4∶1 | 3.7±0.8b | 2.4±1.2b | 13.6±3.0b | 25.9±5.1b* | 17.3±3.1c | 28.3±4.6b | |
1∶1 | 3.3±0.4b | 2.9±0.8b | 8.9±1.2b | 8.2±0.9c* | 12.1±1.1c | 11.1±0.6c | |
1∶4 | 9.4±1.9b | 1.1±0.3b | 35.0±4.7a | 5.1±1.2c* | 44.4±3.3b | 6.2±1.0c | |
0∶1 | 60.4±4.6a* | - | 38.6±5.0a | - | 99.0±6.7a | - |
表4 不同演替阶段羊草和寸草种群根茎的年龄结构
Table 4 Age structures of rhizomes in L. chinensis and C. duriuscula populations at different successional stages (n=5)
数量特征 Quantitative characteristics | 演替阶段 Successional stages | 根茎龄级Rhizome age class | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 a | 2 a | 总计 Total | |||||
羊草L. chinensis | 寸草C. duriuscula | 羊草L. chinensis | 寸草C. duriuscula | 羊草L. chinensis | 寸草C. duriuscula | ||
长度 Length (m·m-2) | 1∶0 | - | 36.5±12.6a | - | 104.2±23.3a | - | 140.7±35.7a |
4∶1 | 6.0±1.9b | 7.8±3.9b | 21.7±3.8b* | 59.0±10.0b* | 27.8±5.0c | 66.8±9.4b | |
1∶1 | 7.1±0.6b | 8.1±2.0b | 18.1±4.1b | 21.3±3.6c* | 25.2±4.1c | 29.4±2.5bc | |
1∶4 | 16.8±2.3b | 2.0±0.6b | 57.5±6.6a* | 12.4±3.6c* | 74.2±5.6b | 14.4±3.4c | |
0∶1 | 70.0±4.5a* | - | 53.6±2.7a | - | 123.6±4.6a | - | |
生物量 Biomass (g·m-2) | 1∶0 | - | 10.1±4.5a | - | 40.5±8.7a* | - | 50.7±12.7a |
4∶1 | 3.7±0.8b | 2.4±1.2b | 13.6±3.0b | 25.9±5.1b* | 17.3±3.1c | 28.3±4.6b | |
1∶1 | 3.3±0.4b | 2.9±0.8b | 8.9±1.2b | 8.2±0.9c* | 12.1±1.1c | 11.1±0.6c | |
1∶4 | 9.4±1.9b | 1.1±0.3b | 35.0±4.7a | 5.1±1.2c* | 44.4±3.3b | 6.2±1.0c | |
0∶1 | 60.4±4.6a* | - | 38.6±5.0a | - | 99.0±6.7a | - |
因素 Factor | 分株生产力Productivity of tiller | 根茎贮藏力Storage capacity of rhizome | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 a | 2 a | 平均 Average | 1 a | 2 a | 平均 Average | |
演替阶段 Successional stages | 0.28 | 4.80* | 1.17 | 4.10* | 1.16 | 3.46* |
物种 Species | 167.71* | 70.07* | 167.83* | 58.30* | 14.42* | 44.65* |
演替阶段×物种Successional stages×species | 0.89 | 3.07* | 1.91 | 14.39* | 1.44 | 6.06* |
表5 演替阶段和物种对分株生产力和根茎贮藏力影响的双因素方差分析(F值)
Table 5 Two-way ANOVA of the effects of successional stages and species on the tiller productivity and rhizome storage capacity of L. chinensis and C. duriuscula (F value)
因素 Factor | 分株生产力Productivity of tiller | 根茎贮藏力Storage capacity of rhizome | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 a | 2 a | 平均 Average | 1 a | 2 a | 平均 Average | |
演替阶段 Successional stages | 0.28 | 4.80* | 1.17 | 4.10* | 1.16 | 3.46* |
物种 Species | 167.71* | 70.07* | 167.83* | 58.30* | 14.42* | 44.65* |
演替阶段×物种Successional stages×species | 0.89 | 3.07* | 1.91 | 14.39* | 1.44 | 6.06* |
图1 不同演替阶段羊草和寸草种群分株生产力和根茎贮藏力*表示同一演替阶段相同龄级两物种间差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示同一物种相同龄级在各演替阶段间差异显著(P<0.05)。将单优羊草与单优寸草群落中羊草与寸草各指标进行显著性比较。下同。* indicates significant differences between the same successional stages of the same age classes between two species at the 0.05 level, and different capital letters indicate significant differences of the same species of the same age classes among different successional stages at the 0.05 level. Compare the significance of L. chinensis and C. duriuscula indicators between the single L. chinensis community and the single C. duriuscula community. The same below.
Fig.1 Tiller productivity and rhizome storage capacity of L. chinensis and C. duriuscula populations at different successional stages
因素 Factor | 分株营养繁殖力 Tiller vegetative propagation capacity | 根茎营养繁殖力 Rhizome vegetative propagation capacity | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 a | 2 a | 平均 Average | 1 a | 2 a | 平均 Average | |
演替阶段 Successional stages | 3.05* | 3.73* | 3.89* | 4.23* | 13.73* | 0.70 |
物种 Species | 47.21* | 37.05* | 20.28* | 132.08* | 63.83* | 233.63* |
演替阶段×物种Successional stages×species | 6.20* | 8.38* | 4.83* | 14.28* | 7.08* | 5.77* |
表6 演替阶段和物种对羊草和寸草种群营养繁殖力影响的双因素方差分析(F值)
Table 6 Two-way ANOVA of the effects of successional stages and species on the vegetative propagation capacity of L. chinensis and C. duriuscula (F value)
因素 Factor | 分株营养繁殖力 Tiller vegetative propagation capacity | 根茎营养繁殖力 Rhizome vegetative propagation capacity | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 a | 2 a | 平均 Average | 1 a | 2 a | 平均 Average | |
演替阶段 Successional stages | 3.05* | 3.73* | 3.89* | 4.23* | 13.73* | 0.70 |
物种 Species | 47.21* | 37.05* | 20.28* | 132.08* | 63.83* | 233.63* |
演替阶段×物种Successional stages×species | 6.20* | 8.38* | 4.83* | 14.28* | 7.08* | 5.77* |
图2 不同演替阶段羊草和寸草种群分株营养繁殖力和根茎营养繁殖力
Fig.2 Vegetative propagation capacity of tillers and rhizomes of L. chinensis and C. duriuscula populations at different successional stages
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