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草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 50-60.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022203

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

围栏封育和长期刈割对松嫩草地羊草和野古草种群营养繁殖特征的影响

丰吉1(), 刘志扩1, 李海燕1(), 杨允菲1, 郭健2   

  1. 1.东北师范大学草地科学研究所,植被生态科学教育部重点实验室,吉林松嫩草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,吉林 长春 130024
    2.徐州工程学院,环境工程学院,江苏 徐州 221018
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-06 修回日期:2022-06-08 出版日期:2023-05-20 发布日期:2023-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 李海燕
  • 作者简介:E-mail: lihy697@nenu.edu.cn
    丰吉(1998-),女,山东潍坊人,在读硕士。E-mail: fengj555@nenu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32171682);吉林省自然科学基金项目(20220101290JC);“111”引智基地项目(B16011)

Effects of enclosure and long-term mowing on vegetative reproduction characteristics of Leymus chinensis and Arundinella hirta populations in the Songnen Grassland, China

Ji FENG1(), Zhi-kuo LIU1, Hai-yan LI1(), Yun-fei YANG1, Jian GUO2   

  1. 1.Institute of Grassland Science,Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education,National Field Observation and Research Station of Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China
    2.School of Environmental Engineering,Xuzhou Institute of Technology,Xuzhou 221018,China
  • Received:2022-05-06 Revised:2022-06-08 Online:2023-05-20 Published:2023-03-20
  • Contact: Hai-yan LI

摘要:

营养繁殖是无性系禾草维持种群更新的主要方式之一,产生的潜在种群在预测种群空间结构和动态中发挥着重要作用。围栏封育和长期刈割等利用方式可以直接或间接影响植物的生长发育和繁殖策略。本研究以松嫩草地常见优势种羊草和伴生种野古草为研究对象,对围栏封育和长期刈割下两种禾草的分蘖节与根茎产生潜在种群的组成、大小和营养繁殖力进行对比分析。结果表明:两种利用方式下两种禾草的潜在种群均由分蘖节与根茎产生的芽和苗组成。羊草和野古草潜在种群分别由3和2个龄级组成,均为1龄潜在种群所占比例最高。相比围栏封育,长期刈割显著促进两种禾草分蘖节和根茎上的芽输出成苗,并且对羊草的促进作用高于野古草,羊草的分蘖节与根茎产生的总苗数在两种利用方式下均显著高于野古草。长期刈割显著促进羊草潜在种群的形成,不利于野古草潜在种群的形成。长期刈割能促进两种禾草种群的分株和根茎营养繁殖力,但未达到显著水平。羊草在围栏封育中采取产生大量芽和部分苗以增加潜在种群、在长期刈割中采取产生大量苗以顺利越冬成株的营养繁殖对策;野古草在围栏封育中采取只产生芽、而在长期刈割中采取产生相近比例芽和苗的营养繁殖对策。总的来说,两种利用方式下羊草与野古草种群均采取年轻龄级分蘖节与根茎具有更旺盛营养繁殖力以及长期刈割促进苗形成的相同适应策略,同时两种禾草在形成潜在种群比例上又存在着营养繁殖对策的差异,这可能是其分别成为本研究区内优势种和伴生种的主要原因之一。

关键词: 利用方式, 潜在种群, 羊草, 野古草, 营养繁殖力

Abstract:

Vegetative reproduction is one of the main ways in which clonal grasses regenerate their populations. It is useful to determine the potential population that can be regenerated to predict the spatial structure and dynamics of the population. Enclosure and long-term mowing can directly or indirectly affect plant growth and reproductive strategies. In this study, we compared and analyzed the composition, size, and vegetative propagation capacity of potential populations generated by tillers and rhizomes of the common dominant species Leymus chinensis and the accompanying species Arundinella hirta under enclosure and long-term mowing treatments in the Songnen Grassland. It was found that the potential populations of the two grasses under enclosure and long-term mowing were composed of buds and juvenile tillers derived from tillers and rhizomes. The potential populations of L. chinensis and A. hirta were composed of three and two age classes, respectively. The first age class accounted for the highest proportion of the potential population. Compared with enclosure, long-term mowing significantly promoted the output of buds from tillers and rhizomes of both grasses, and this promotion effect was stronger for L. chinensis than for A. hirta. The number of juvenile tillers produced by tillers and rhizomes of L. chinensis was significantly higher than in A. hirta under both enclosure and long-term mowing. Long-term mowing significantly promoted the potential population increase of L. chinensis, but was not conducive to the formation of an A. hirta potential population. Long-term mowing promoted the vegetative propagation capacity, but not to a significant level. The vegetative reproduction strategy of L. chinensis under enclosure was to produce a large number of buds and some juvenile tillers to enhance the potential population. Its vegetative reproductive strategy under long-term mowing was to produce a large number of juvenile tillers to grow into tillers after successfully overwintering. The vegetative reproduction strategy of A. hirta under enclosure was to produce buds only, while that under long-term mowing was to produce a similar proportion of buds and juvenile tillers. Overall, L. chinensis and A. hirta populations had the same adaptive characteristics, in that young age-class tillers and rhizomes had a high vegetative propagation capacity under enclosure and long-term mowing, and the formation of juvenile tillers was promoted under long-term mowing. At the same time, differences in the vegetative propagation strategies of L. chinensis and A. hirta appear to explain why L. chinensis is the dominant species and A. hirta is the accompanying species in this study area.

Key words: utilization types, potential populations, Leymus chinensis, Arundinella hirta, vegetative propagation capacity