草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 37-49.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023368
张聪1,3(), 王娅2, 周立华1,3(), 裴孝东1,3, 李军豪2, 石贵2
收稿日期:
2023-10-09
修回日期:
2023-11-27
出版日期:
2024-08-20
发布日期:
2024-05-13
通讯作者:
周立华
作者简介:
E-mail: lhzhou@casisd.cn基金资助:
Cong ZHANG1,3(), Ya WANG2, Li-hua ZHOU1,3(), Xiao-dong PEI1,3, Jun-hao LI2, Gui SHI2
Received:
2023-10-09
Revised:
2023-11-27
Online:
2024-08-20
Published:
2024-05-13
Contact:
Li-hua ZHOU
摘要:
畜牧业是关系国计民生的重要产业,对于经济、环境以及食物安全都有重要意义。近年来,我国畜牧业总产出呈不断增长态势,但仍处于“大而不强,多而不优”的困境之中。本研究以牲畜饲养结构为对象,探究其时空分布特征和驱动因素,对畜牧业合理布局以及可持续发展有重要价值。首先分析了宁夏牲畜有效饲养量及饲养结构在1978-2020年间的时间分布特征,然后基于变异系数法和标准差椭圆方法测度了牲畜饲养结构空间分布特征,最后利用地理探测器模型分析了牲畜饲养结构空间分异性的核心驱动因素。结果表明:1)宁夏牲畜饲养结构在2002年前后发生了明显变化,牛、羊饲养比例明显上升,猪的饲养比例下降。2)牛、羊、猪饲养比例都呈空间分异性,但空间异质性的变化趋势各不相同。3)牛、羊、猪饲养比例均呈由南-北向分布向东北-西南向分布转变的趋势,牛、羊饲养比例较高区域均呈向四周扩张的趋势。4)牛饲养比例的核心驱动因素包括自然资源条件、社会经济条件以及政策因素,羊饲养比例的核心驱动因素包括社会经济条件和政策因素,而猪饲养比例只受到社会经济条件的影响。大部分核心驱动因素间的交互作用会增强牲畜饲养比例的空间分异性。
张聪, 王娅, 周立华, 裴孝东, 李军豪, 石贵. 牲畜饲养结构的时空分布特征及驱动因素——以宁夏为例[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(8): 37-49.
Cong ZHANG, Ya WANG, Li-hua ZHOU, Xiao-dong PEI, Jun-hao LI, Gui SHI. Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and driving factors of livestock feeding structure: A case study in Ningxia[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(8): 37-49.
图1 研究区概况基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站GS(2019)1822号标准地图制作,底图边界无修改Based on the standard map service website GS(2019)1822 of the Ministry of Natural Resources, the boundary of the base map is not modified.
Fig. 1 Summary map of the study area
判断依据Judgment basis | 交互作用类型Interaction types |
---|---|
非线性减弱Nonlinearity decrease | |
单因子非线性减弱The single-factor nonlinearity decrease | |
双因子增强Two-factor enhancement | |
独立Independent | |
非线性增强Nonlinearity enhancement |
表1 两个探测因子间交互作用类型
Table 1 Types of interaction between two probe factors
判断依据Judgment basis | 交互作用类型Interaction types |
---|---|
非线性减弱Nonlinearity decrease | |
单因子非线性减弱The single-factor nonlinearity decrease | |
双因子增强Two-factor enhancement | |
独立Independent | |
非线性增强Nonlinearity enhancement |
图2 宁夏1978-2020年牛、羊、猪有效饲养量及牲畜有效饲养总量
Fig. 2 Effective feeding amount of cattle, sheep and pig and total effective feeding amount of livestock in Ningxia, 1978-2020
年份Year | 牛Cattle | 羊 Sheep | 猪 Pig |
---|---|---|---|
1978 | 0.64 | 0.88 | 0.57 |
1990 | 0.78 | 0.69 | 0.59 |
2000 | 0.65 | 0.70 | 0.70 |
2010 | 0.50 | 0.44 | 0.76 |
2020 | 0.41 | 0.62 | 0.89 |
表2 1978-2020年各县区牛、羊、猪饲养比例变异系数
Table 2 Coefficient of variation of the feeding proportion of cattle, sheep and pig, 1978-2020
年份Year | 牛Cattle | 羊 Sheep | 猪 Pig |
---|---|---|---|
1978 | 0.64 | 0.88 | 0.57 |
1990 | 0.78 | 0.69 | 0.59 |
2000 | 0.65 | 0.70 | 0.70 |
2010 | 0.50 | 0.44 | 0.76 |
2020 | 0.41 | 0.62 | 0.89 |
图4 1978-2020年宁夏牛、羊、猪饲养结构空间分布基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站GS(2019)1822号标准地图制作,底图边界无修改。Based on the standard map service website GS(2019)1822 of the Ministry of Natural Resources, the boundary of the base map is not modified. 下同。The same below.
Fig.4 Spatial distribution of the feeding structure of cattle, sheep and pig in Ningxia, 1978-2020
饲养比例 Feeding proportion | 年份 Year | 平均中心坐标 Mean central coordinate | 长轴标准差Major axis standard deviation (km) | 短轴标准差Minor axis standard deviation (km) | 方位角Azimuth angle (°) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
牛Cattle | 1978 | 106.23° E,36.98° N | 201.29 | 42.78 | 1.73 |
1990 | 106.18° E,36.80° N | 185.63 | 38.97 | 0.77 | |
2000 | 106.20° E,36.98° N | 188.08 | 37.42 | 1.00 | |
2011 | 106.17° E,37.14° N | 192.69 | 39.85 | 1.18 | |
2020 | 106.17° E,37.25° N | 194.97 | 40.57 | 1.72 | |
羊Sheep | 1978 | 106.30° E,37.60° N | 140.69 | 47.04 | 6.39 |
1990 | 106.27° E,37.62° N | 139.56 | 52.22 | 5.53 | |
2000 | 106.33° E,37.88° N | 150.58 | 46.21 | 5.57 | |
2011 | 106.27° E,37.62° N | 163.24 | 53.08 | 5.82 | |
2020 | 106.31° E,37.63° N | 155.51 | 51.34 | 5.87 | |
猪Pig | 1978 | 106.06° E,37.70° N | 167.23 | 51.15 | 6.47 |
1990 | 106.14° E,37.77° N | 175.93 | 51.08 | 6.52 | |
2000 | 106.05° E,37.49° N | 168.85 | 58.44 | 4.80 | |
2011 | 106.08° E,37.64° N | 169.25 | 54.05 | 5.42 | |
2020 | 105.99° E,37.60° N | 165.21 | 60.78 | 6.49 |
表3 1978-2020年宁夏牛、羊、猪饲养比例标准差椭圆参数
Table 3 The standard deviation elliptic parameters of the feeding proportion of cattle, sheep and pig in Ningxia, 1978-2020
饲养比例 Feeding proportion | 年份 Year | 平均中心坐标 Mean central coordinate | 长轴标准差Major axis standard deviation (km) | 短轴标准差Minor axis standard deviation (km) | 方位角Azimuth angle (°) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
牛Cattle | 1978 | 106.23° E,36.98° N | 201.29 | 42.78 | 1.73 |
1990 | 106.18° E,36.80° N | 185.63 | 38.97 | 0.77 | |
2000 | 106.20° E,36.98° N | 188.08 | 37.42 | 1.00 | |
2011 | 106.17° E,37.14° N | 192.69 | 39.85 | 1.18 | |
2020 | 106.17° E,37.25° N | 194.97 | 40.57 | 1.72 | |
羊Sheep | 1978 | 106.30° E,37.60° N | 140.69 | 47.04 | 6.39 |
1990 | 106.27° E,37.62° N | 139.56 | 52.22 | 5.53 | |
2000 | 106.33° E,37.88° N | 150.58 | 46.21 | 5.57 | |
2011 | 106.27° E,37.62° N | 163.24 | 53.08 | 5.82 | |
2020 | 106.31° E,37.63° N | 155.51 | 51.34 | 5.87 | |
猪Pig | 1978 | 106.06° E,37.70° N | 167.23 | 51.15 | 6.47 |
1990 | 106.14° E,37.77° N | 175.93 | 51.08 | 6.52 | |
2000 | 106.05° E,37.49° N | 168.85 | 58.44 | 4.80 | |
2011 | 106.08° E,37.64° N | 169.25 | 54.05 | 5.42 | |
2020 | 105.99° E,37.60° N | 165.21 | 60.78 | 6.49 |
序号 Number | 探测因子 Probe factors | 饲养比例Feeding proportion | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
牛Cattle | 羊Sheep | 猪Pig | ||
耕地面积Area of cultivated land | 0.25 | 0.36 | 0.47 | |
草地面积Area of grassland | 0.32 | 0.24 | 0.36 | |
降水量Precipitation | 0.48 | 0.49 | 0.53 | |
平均气温Mean air temperature | 0.64* | 0.53 | 0.40 | |
日照时数Sunshine duration | 0.50** | 0.39 | 0.48 | |
人均GDP Per capita GDP | 0.47 | 0.37 | 0.69* | |
乡村人口数量Rural population | 0.43 | 0.27 | 0.65 | |
生活消费支出Living consumption expenditure | 0.65* | 0.69* | 0.46 | |
回族人口占比The proportion of the Hui population | 0.49** | 0.59*** | 0.63** | |
奶牛区域布局Dairy cattle production area layout | 0.13 | - | - | |
肉牛区域布局Beef cattle production area layout | 0.48** | - | - | |
肉羊区域布局Meat sheep production area layout | - | 0.56** | - |
表4 宁夏牛、羊、猪饲养比例q值
Table 4 q value of feeding proportion of cattle, sheep and pig in Ningxia
序号 Number | 探测因子 Probe factors | 饲养比例Feeding proportion | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
牛Cattle | 羊Sheep | 猪Pig | ||
耕地面积Area of cultivated land | 0.25 | 0.36 | 0.47 | |
草地面积Area of grassland | 0.32 | 0.24 | 0.36 | |
降水量Precipitation | 0.48 | 0.49 | 0.53 | |
平均气温Mean air temperature | 0.64* | 0.53 | 0.40 | |
日照时数Sunshine duration | 0.50** | 0.39 | 0.48 | |
人均GDP Per capita GDP | 0.47 | 0.37 | 0.69* | |
乡村人口数量Rural population | 0.43 | 0.27 | 0.65 | |
生活消费支出Living consumption expenditure | 0.65* | 0.69* | 0.46 | |
回族人口占比The proportion of the Hui population | 0.49** | 0.59*** | 0.63** | |
奶牛区域布局Dairy cattle production area layout | 0.13 | - | - | |
肉牛区域布局Beef cattle production area layout | 0.48** | - | - | |
肉羊区域布局Meat sheep production area layout | - | 0.56** | - |
因子交互 Factor interaction | 羊饲养比例Feeding proportion of sheep | 猪饲养比例Feeding proportion of pig | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
类型Type | 类型Type | 类型Type | ||||
0.62 | 2 | - | - | - | - | |
- | - | - | - | - | - | |
0.69 | 3 | - | - | - | - | |
0.65 | 3 | - | - | - | - | |
0.62 | 2 | - | - | - | - | |
- | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | - | - | - | - | - | |
0.76 | 3 | - | - | - | - | |
0.57 | 3 | - | - | - | - | |
0.61 | 3 | - | - | - | - | |
- | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | - | - | - | 0.97 | 3 | |
- | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | - | - | - | - | - | |
0.71 | 3 | 0.59 | 2 | - | - | |
0.77 | 3 | - | - | - | - | |
- | - | 0.76 | 3 | - | - | |
0.67 | 3 | - | - | - | - | |
- | - | 0.69 | 3 | - | - | |
- | - | - | - | - | - |
表5 宁夏牛、羊、猪饲养比例交互作用探测q值
Table 5 The detection q value of the interaction of the feeding proportion of cattle, sheep and pig in Ningxia
因子交互 Factor interaction | 羊饲养比例Feeding proportion of sheep | 猪饲养比例Feeding proportion of pig | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
类型Type | 类型Type | 类型Type | ||||
0.62 | 2 | - | - | - | - | |
- | - | - | - | - | - | |
0.69 | 3 | - | - | - | - | |
0.65 | 3 | - | - | - | - | |
0.62 | 2 | - | - | - | - | |
- | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | - | - | - | - | - | |
0.76 | 3 | - | - | - | - | |
0.57 | 3 | - | - | - | - | |
0.61 | 3 | - | - | - | - | |
- | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | - | - | - | 0.97 | 3 | |
- | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | - | - | - | - | - | |
0.71 | 3 | 0.59 | 2 | - | - | |
0.77 | 3 | - | - | - | - | |
- | - | 0.76 | 3 | - | - | |
0.67 | 3 | - | - | - | - | |
- | - | 0.69 | 3 | - | - | |
- | - | - | - | - | - |
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