草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 20-35.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025209
刘雪霞(
), 郝媛媛(
), 孟哲, 安春春, 何生申, 黄才成, 祁瀚, 花立民, 楚彬
收稿日期:2025-05-26
修回日期:2025-07-18
出版日期:2026-05-20
发布日期:2026-03-11
通讯作者:
郝媛媛
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: haoyy@gsau.edu.cn基金资助:
Xue-xia LIU(
), Yuan-yuan HAO(
), Zhe MENG, Chun-chun AN, Sheng-shen HE, Cai-cheng HUANG, Han QI, Li-min HUA, Bin CHU
Received:2025-05-26
Revised:2025-07-18
Online:2026-05-20
Published:2026-03-11
Contact:
Yuan-yuan HAO
摘要:
为深入揭示高寒山地生态系统土地利用/覆被变化的时空演变特征及其驱动机制,本研究以祁连山国家公园为研究区,基于多期遥感数据构建恒定、涨势与落势图谱,系统分析1990-2022年土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)的演变过程及其驱动因子。结果表明:1)土地利用/覆被变化图谱能够有效反映典型时间节点(1995、1997、2004、2008和2019年)与区域生态工程的高度一致性。2)土地利用/覆被变化图谱可以深入刻画土地利用/覆被各时段的细节差异。具体地,从恒定图谱来看,草原(>48.00%)和裸地(>25.00%)主要呈块状分布于大雪山峰与则吾结山峰区域;从涨势图谱来看,草原扩张主要集中在大雪山峰和冷龙岭山峰区域,而裸地扩张区域则主要集中在祁连山峰和大雪山峰,且扩张幅度裸地低于草原(整体低2.75%),森林、冰雪和水域等类型扩张幅度均较小(<3.00%);从落势图谱来看,草原(>1.40%)和裸地(≥1.09%)的收缩面积明显高于其他类型(>0.01%),且收缩区域除以块状分布于祁连山峰与冷龙岭山峰之间外,还零星分布于整个祁连山脉。3)土地利用/覆被变化图谱可以表征土地利用程度呈东南高、西北低的分布趋势,且主要受潜在蒸散发量、海拔和人类足迹等自然因子的影响(>0.09),同时经济发展和政策干预的影响作用逐渐显现。本研究展示了一种基于变化图谱的LUCC动态识别新路径,不仅能够区分其稳定区与变化区,还能量化其动态变化,提升了土地系统动态表达的精度与深度。研究结果可为高寒山地生态系统管理提供科学参考与决策支持。
刘雪霞, 郝媛媛, 孟哲, 安春春, 何生申, 黄才成, 祁瀚, 花立民, 楚彬. 基于变化图谱视角下的高寒山地生态系统土地利用模式及驱动因素探究[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(5): 20-35.
Xue-xia LIU, Yuan-yuan HAO, Zhe MENG, Chun-chun AN, Sheng-shen HE, Cai-cheng HUANG, Han QI, Li-min HUA, Bin CHU. Exploring land use patterns and their driving forces in alpine mountain ecosystems: A changing atlas perspective[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(5): 20-35.
图1 研究区位置基于自然资源部标准地图服务网GS(2020)4619号标准地图制作,底图边界无修改。Based on the standard map GS(2020)4619 from the Standard Map Service of the Ministry of Natural Resources, with no modification to the base map boundaries.
Fig.1 Location of the study area
数据类型 Data type | 数据名称 Data name | 数据来源 Data source | 分辨率 Resolution | 格式 Format |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 气候Climate | 降水量、气温和潜在蒸散发量Precipitation, temperature, and potential evapotranspiration | 国家地球系统科学数据中心共享服务平台National earth system science data center shared service platform(http://www.geodata.cn) | 1 km | 数字控制Numerical control(NC) |
| 土地利用/覆被Land use/cover | 土地利用/覆被变化Land use/cover change (LUCC) | 中国科学院资源环境科学与数据中心Resource and environmental science and data center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (https://www.resdc.cn) | 1 km | 标记图像文件格式Tagged image file format (TIF) |
| 土壤Soil | 黏土、砂粒和细粉粒含量Clay, sand, and silt content | 世界土壤数据库Harmonized world soil database (HWSD,https://poles.tpdc.ac.cn) | 1 km | 标记图像文件格式Tagged image file format (TIF) |
| 地形Topography | 数字高程模型、坡度和坡向Digital elevation model (DEM), slope, and aspect | 中国科学院地理空间数据云平台Chinese Academy of Sciences, geospatial data cloud platform (https://www.gscloud.cn) | 30 m | 标记图像文件格式Tagged image file format (TIF) |
| 人类社会经济Human socio-economy | 国内生产总值Gross domestic product(GDP) | 中国科学院资源环境科学与数据中心Resource and environmental science and data center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (https://www.resdc.cn) | 1 km | 标记图像文件格式Tagged image file format (TIF) |
| 人类足迹指数Human footprint index | 中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University (https://www.x-mol.com) | 1 km | 数字控制Numerical control (NC) | |
| 人口密度Population density | 人口密度数据库Population density database (https://landscan.ornl.gov/) | 1 km | 标记图像文件格式Tagged image file format (TIF) | |
| 林业工程、化肥使用量和粮食总产量Forestry engineering, fertilizer usage, and total grain production | 2000-2022年中国统计年鉴2000-2022 China statistical yearbook (https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/ndsj/) | 无None | 文本Text | |
| 综合因子Integrated factors | 水土流失和受灾面积Soil erosion and disaster-affected area | 2000-2022年中国统计年鉴2000-2022 China statistical yearbook (https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/ndsj/) | 无None | 文本Text |
表1 数据来源及详细信息
Table 1 Data sources and detailed information
数据类型 Data type | 数据名称 Data name | 数据来源 Data source | 分辨率 Resolution | 格式 Format |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 气候Climate | 降水量、气温和潜在蒸散发量Precipitation, temperature, and potential evapotranspiration | 国家地球系统科学数据中心共享服务平台National earth system science data center shared service platform(http://www.geodata.cn) | 1 km | 数字控制Numerical control(NC) |
| 土地利用/覆被Land use/cover | 土地利用/覆被变化Land use/cover change (LUCC) | 中国科学院资源环境科学与数据中心Resource and environmental science and data center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (https://www.resdc.cn) | 1 km | 标记图像文件格式Tagged image file format (TIF) |
| 土壤Soil | 黏土、砂粒和细粉粒含量Clay, sand, and silt content | 世界土壤数据库Harmonized world soil database (HWSD,https://poles.tpdc.ac.cn) | 1 km | 标记图像文件格式Tagged image file format (TIF) |
| 地形Topography | 数字高程模型、坡度和坡向Digital elevation model (DEM), slope, and aspect | 中国科学院地理空间数据云平台Chinese Academy of Sciences, geospatial data cloud platform (https://www.gscloud.cn) | 30 m | 标记图像文件格式Tagged image file format (TIF) |
| 人类社会经济Human socio-economy | 国内生产总值Gross domestic product(GDP) | 中国科学院资源环境科学与数据中心Resource and environmental science and data center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (https://www.resdc.cn) | 1 km | 标记图像文件格式Tagged image file format (TIF) |
| 人类足迹指数Human footprint index | 中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University (https://www.x-mol.com) | 1 km | 数字控制Numerical control (NC) | |
| 人口密度Population density | 人口密度数据库Population density database (https://landscan.ornl.gov/) | 1 km | 标记图像文件格式Tagged image file format (TIF) | |
| 林业工程、化肥使用量和粮食总产量Forestry engineering, fertilizer usage, and total grain production | 2000-2022年中国统计年鉴2000-2022 China statistical yearbook (https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/ndsj/) | 无None | 文本Text | |
| 综合因子Integrated factors | 水土流失和受灾面积Soil erosion and disaster-affected area | 2000-2022年中国统计年鉴2000-2022 China statistical yearbook (https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/ndsj/) | 无None | 文本Text |
土地利用类型 Land use type | Mann-Kendall (M-K)趋势检验Trend test | 突变检测Breakpoint test | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
统计学Z值 Statistical Z-value | 趋势 Trend (α=0.05) | M-K突变点检测 M-K breakpoint test (α=0.05) | 滑动t检验 Sliding t-test (α=0.05) | |
| 农田Cropland | 0.48 | 不显著Not significant ↑ | 1999、2007、2002 | 1994、1997、1999、2011、2015、2019 |
| 森林Forest | 7.79 | 显著Significant ↑ | 无None | 1993、1995、1997、2005、2008、2012、2015 |
| 灌木Shrub | -3.08 | 显著Significant ↓ | 2004 | 1994、1997、2002、2004、2006、2008、2011、2013 |
| 草原Grassland | 5.07 | 显著Significant ↑ | 2006 | 1995、1997、2008、2013、2019 |
| 水域Water | 1.50 | 不显著Not significant ↑ | 1991 | 1998、2000、2003、2008、2006、2010、2012、2015、2017、2019 |
| 冰雪Snow | 0.29 | 不显著Not significant ↑ | 1990、1996 | 1992、1995、2000、2004、2012、2014、2017、2019 |
| 裸地Bare land | -5.10 | 显著Significant ↓ | 2004 | 1995、1997、2000、2008、2019 |
表2 1990-2022年不同土地利用类型的变化趋势及突变年份
Table 2 Trends and abrupt change years of various land use types from 1990 to 2022
土地利用类型 Land use type | Mann-Kendall (M-K)趋势检验Trend test | 突变检测Breakpoint test | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
统计学Z值 Statistical Z-value | 趋势 Trend (α=0.05) | M-K突变点检测 M-K breakpoint test (α=0.05) | 滑动t检验 Sliding t-test (α=0.05) | |
| 农田Cropland | 0.48 | 不显著Not significant ↑ | 1999、2007、2002 | 1994、1997、1999、2011、2015、2019 |
| 森林Forest | 7.79 | 显著Significant ↑ | 无None | 1993、1995、1997、2005、2008、2012、2015 |
| 灌木Shrub | -3.08 | 显著Significant ↓ | 2004 | 1994、1997、2002、2004、2006、2008、2011、2013 |
| 草原Grassland | 5.07 | 显著Significant ↑ | 2006 | 1995、1997、2008、2013、2019 |
| 水域Water | 1.50 | 不显著Not significant ↑ | 1991 | 1998、2000、2003、2008、2006、2010、2012、2015、2017、2019 |
| 冰雪Snow | 0.29 | 不显著Not significant ↑ | 1990、1996 | 1992、1995、2000、2004、2012、2014、2017、2019 |
| 裸地Bare land | -5.10 | 显著Significant ↓ | 2004 | 1995、1997、2000、2008、2019 |
图2 典型年份的土地利用空间分布基于自然资源部标准地图服务网GS(2020)4619号标准地图制作,底图边界无修改。Based on the standard map GS(2020)4619 from the Standard Map Service of the Ministry of Natural Resources, with no modification to the base map boundaries.
Fig. 2 Spatial distribution of land use in typical years
图3 不同时段的恒定图谱基于自然资源部标准地图服务网GS(2020)4619号标准地图制作,底图边界无修改。Based on the standard map GS(2020)4619 from the Standard Map Service of the Ministry of Natural Resources, with no modification to the base map boundaries.
Fig.3 Constant maps for different periods
图4 不同时段的涨势图谱基于自然资源部标准地图服务网GS(2020)4619号标准地图制作,底图边界无修改。Based on the standard map GS(2020)4619 from the Standard Map Service of the Ministry of Natural Resources, with no modification to the base map boundaries.
Fig.4 Growth trend maps for different periods
图5 不同时段的落势图谱基于自然资源部标准地图服务网GS(2020)4619号标准地图制作,底图边界无修改。Based on the standard map GS(2020)4619 from the Standard Map Service of the Ministry of Natural Resources, with no modification to the base map boundaries.
Fig.5 Decline trend maps for different periods
图6 典型年份的土地利用程度及土地利用综合程度指数基于自然资源部标准地图服务网GS(2020)4619号标准地图制作,底图边界无修改。Based on the standard map GS(2020)4619 from the Standard Map Service of the Ministry of Natural Resources, with no modification to the base map boundaries.
Fig.6 Land use degree and comprehensive index of land use degree for typical years
图7 典型年份土地利用程度驱动力X1~X17分别表示数字高程模型、坡度、坡向、降水量、气温、潜在蒸散发量、黏土含量、砂粒含量、细粉粒含量、国内生产总值、人口密度、人类足迹指数、林业工程、水土流失、化肥使用量、粮食总产量和受灾面积。X?-X?? represent the following variables: Digital elevation model (DEM), slope, aspect, precipitation, temperature, potential evapotranspiration, clay content, sand content, silt content, gross domestic product (GDP), population density, human footprint index, forestry projects, soil erosion, fertilizer usage, total grain output, and affected area by disasters. 下同The same below.
Fig.7 Driving forces of land use degree in typical years
图8 典型年份土地利用程度的交互驱动图中颜色由浅至深表示不同影响因子对不同年份土地利用程度的交互作用,即评估两种影响因子共同作用时是否会增加或减弱土地利用程度的大小。The color gradient from light to dark indicates the interaction effects of different influencing factors on land-use intensity across years, reflecting whether their combined effects enhance or reduce the degree of land use.
Fig.8 Interaction-driven of land use degree in typical years
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