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草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7): 54-68.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024335

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

准噶尔盆地沙质荒漠草地土壤pH分布特征及其环境影响因素分析

敬一胜1(), 孙宗玖1,2,3(), 刘慧霞1, 迪达尔·比苏力旦null1, 李美莎1, 周晨烨1, 周磊1, 于冰洁1, 李有政1, 郑丽1, 阿斯太肯·居力海提null1   

  1. 1.新疆农业大学草业学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052
    2.新疆草地资源与生态自治区重点实验室,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052
    3.西部干旱区草地资源与生态教育部重点实验室,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-28 修回日期:2024-11-14 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-05-12
  • 通讯作者: 孙宗玖
  • 作者简介:E-mail: nmszj@21cn.com
    敬一胜(1999-),男,新疆精河人,在读硕士。E-mail: 1326931098@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区高校基本科研业务费(XJEDU2022J006);新疆维吾尔自治区重点实验室开放课题(2022D04003)

Soil pH distribution characteristics and environmental factors influencing it in sandy desert grassland in the Junggar Basin

Yi-sheng JING1(), Zong-jiu SUN1,2,3(), Hui-xia LIU1, Didaer·Bisulidan1, Mei-sha LI1, Chen-ye ZHOU1, Lei ZHOU1, Bing-jie YU1, You-zheng LI1, Li ZHENG1, Asitaiken·Julihaiti1   

  1. 1.College of Grassland Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China
    2.Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology,Urumqi 830052,China
    3.Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Western Arid Region,Ministry of Education,Urumqi 830052,China
  • Received:2024-08-28 Revised:2024-11-14 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-05-12
  • Contact: Zong-jiu SUN

摘要:

为探究准噶尔盆地沙质荒漠草地土壤pH分布特征,采用路线调查结合典型样地布设确定136个样地,以0~100 cm各土层pH实测数据为依据,结合气象数据及“3S”技术,运用单因素方差分析、地统计学分析与地理探测器等方法,探讨土壤pH发生空间变异的主要环境影响因素。结果表明:0~100 cm各土层土壤pH为8.54~8.76,均值为8.66,且随土层深度增加土壤pH表现出上升趋势。小乔木类群土壤pH(8.71)显著高于灌木类群(8.54)1.02倍、半灌木类群(8.59)1.01倍(P<0.05)。碱性土(7.5<pH<8.5)主要分布于准噶尔盆地周缘吉木乃县北部、福海县南部,克拉玛依市北部等地区,强碱性土(pH>8.5)主要分布于阜康市、呼图壁县、玛纳斯县、富蕴县等地区。半方差变异分析可知,0~100 cm土层pH最佳模型的块金效应为49.91%,说明其空间变异由结构因素与随机因素共同影响。地理探测器分析表明,总体上影响土壤pH空间变异的主要环境因子依次为年均温度(0.159)、植被覆盖度(0.152)、雪水当量(0.085)、根部土壤湿度(0.076)、物种丰富度指数(0.066)。研究结果完善了准噶尔盆地沙质荒漠草地土壤pH数据库,进一步探明了土壤pH产生变异的主控因素,为沙质荒漠管理与生态恢复提供了理论依据。

关键词: 土壤pH, 空间分布, 沙质荒漠草地, 准噶尔盆地, 地理探测器

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to explore the distribution characteristics of soil pH and the factors affecting it in sandy desert grassland in the Junggar Basin. First, 136 sample plots were selected and established by a route survey combined with a typical sample plot layout, and the pH of soil samples collected from 0 to 100 cm depth in each plot was measured. Environmental factors such as temperature, vegetation cover, and species richness were determined, and meteorological data were collected. The factors affecting the spatial variation of soil pH were explored on the basis of the environmental and meteorological data and “3S” technology, using one-way ANOVA, geostatistical analysis, and geographical detectors drawing on a range of remote sensing data and analytical tools. The results showed the range of soil pH in each soil layer from 0 to 100 cm was 8.54-8.76, and the average value was 8.66. The soil pH showed an upward trend as the soil depth increased. The soil pH of the small arbor group (8.71) was 1.02 times that of the shrub group (8.54) and 1.01 times that of the subshrub group (8.59) (P<0.05). Analyses of soil pH distribution showed that alkaline soil (pH 7.5-8.5) was mainly distributed in the northern part of Jimunai County, the southern part of Fuhai County, and the northern part of Karamay City around the Junggar Basi, and strongly alkaline soil (pH>8.5) was mainly distributed in Fukang City, Hutubi County, Manas County, Fuyun County, and other areas. Semi-variance variation analysis showed that the nugget effect of the optimal model of soil pH in the 0-100 cm soil layer was 49.91%, indicating that its spatial variation was affected by both structural factors and random factors. Geographic detector analysis showed that the main environmental factors contributing to the spatial variation of soil pH were mean average temperature (0.159), vegetation coverage (0.152), snow water equivalent (0.085), root soil moisture (0.076), and species richness index (0.066). The results of this study add new information about the distribution of soil pH to the database for sandy desert grassland in Junggar Basin, and reveal the main factors contributing to variations in soil pH. These findings provide a theoretical basis for sandy desert management and ecological restoration.

Key words: soil pH, spatial distribution, sandy desert meadows, Junggar Basin, geographical detectors