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草业学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (1): 31-40.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb20140105

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

松嫩草地两种广布豆科植物分布特征及其与土壤因子关系

李强1,2,周道玮1*,宋彦涛1   

  1. 1.中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130102
    2.中国科学院大学,北京100049
  • 收稿日期:2013-04-09 出版日期:2014-02-20 发布日期:2014-02-20
  • 通讯作者: E-mail:zhoudaowei@neiae.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:李强(1984-),男,吉林农安人,在读博士。E-mail:liqiang@neigae.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点基础研究发展计划(2011CB403203)资助

The distribution features of two widespread legumes and their relationships with soil factors in Songnen grassland

LI Qiang1,2,ZHOU Dao-wei1,SONG Yan-tao1   

  1. 1.Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,China;
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
  • Received:2013-04-09 Online:2014-02-20 Published:2014-02-20

摘要: 通过野外调查研究了松嫩草地中五脉山黧豆、野豌豆这两种广泛分布的豆科植物的地上生物量分布特征与土壤因子的关系。结果表明,五脉山黧豆地上生物量分布的最大值为286.25 g/m2,最小为51.73 g/m2,野豌豆的最大地上生物量分布为494.77 g/m2,最小为61.19 g/m2。两种豆科植物种群聚集水平主要在100~200 g/m2和100~300 g/m2。两种豆科植物地上生物量和群落高度、地上生物量、物种丰富度、多样性指数、均匀性指数之间均有显著的正相关关系,而与群落密度有显著负相关关系。两种豆科植物地上生物量与土壤有机碳、总氮含量呈现显著正相关关系,而与土壤pH、电导率呈显著负相关关系,与土壤总磷含量无显著相关关系。低豆科地上生物量下,群落特征和土壤因子随豆科植物地上生物量增加变化更大,而高豆科植物地上生物量下,群落特征和土壤因子随豆科地上生物量增加变化幅度较小。与野豌豆相比,群落特征和土壤因子随五脉山黧豆生物量增加的变化幅度更大。通过上述研究结果我们得出:51.73和61.19 g/m2是五脉山黧豆和野豌豆在群落中维持种群延续的最小单位面积地上生物量;两种豆科植物的生态性状可能对群落的结构和功能有促进作用,且单位质量的五脉山黧豆较野豌豆对群落结构的影响可能更强;土壤盐碱程度不会或至少不会单独构成对两种豆科植物分布的限制;磷可能是豆科植物分布的限制因子之一。这个研究为在本区内保护和发展这两种豆科植物提供了重要参考。

Abstract: Through field investigations,distribution features of aboveground biomass of Lathyrus quinqueneruius and Viciaam cracca,and their relationships with soil factors were studied in Songnen grassland. The maximum aboveground biomass of L. quinqueneruius was 286.25 g/m2,and the minimum was 51.73 g/m2,while the values for V.cracca were 494.77 and 61.19 g/m2 respectively. Population aggregation levels of the two legumes were primarily 100-200 g/m2 and 100-300 g/m2 respectively. There were significant positive correlations between aboveground biomass of the two legumes with community height,community aboveground biomass,species richness index,diversity index,evenness index,and significant negative correlation relationships with community density. There were significant positive correlation relationships between aboveground biomass of the two legumes with soil organic carbon content,total nitrogen content,and significant negative correlation relationships with soil pH and electrical conductivity,but no significant correlation relationship with soil total phosphorus content. Under low legume aboveground biomass,the change of community characteristics and soil factors with an increase of legume biomass was large but it became weaker with an increase of legume biomass. Compared with V.cracca,the change rates of community characteristics and soil factors with an increase of L. quinqueneruius aboveground biomass were larger (51.73 and 61.19 g/m2 respectively) and were the minimum aboveground biomass in unit area to maintain population existence for L. quinqueneruius and V.cracca,respectively. The ecological traits of the two legumes may have facilitation effects on community structure and function,and the effects from unit mass of L. quinqueneruius rather than V.cracca may be greater. Degree of soil salinization alone did not limit the distribution of the two legumes. Soil phosphorus may be a limited factor for distribution of these two legumes. This study provides important references for protection and development of these two legumes in this region.

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