套作对大豆苗期碳氮物质代谢的影响及其与抗倒伏性的关系

doi:10.11686/cyxb2017455

草业学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (9): 85-94.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2017455

套作对大豆苗期碳氮物质代谢的影响及其与抗倒伏性的关系

任胜茂^{2, **}, 邓榆川^{2, **}, 文凤君², 刘明洁³, 袁小琴⁴, SajadHussain¹, 蒲全明², 刘卫国^{1, *}, 杨文钰^{1, *}

1.四川农业大学生态农业研究所,农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川成都 611130;
2.南充市农业科学院,四川南充 637000;
3.眉山职业技术学院,四川眉山 620000;
4.宜宾职业技术学院,四川宜宾 644000

收稿日期:2017-10-26 修回日期:2018-03-02 出版日期:2018-09-20 发布日期:2018-09-20
通讯作者: E-mail: lwgsy@126.com, mssiyangwy@sicau.edu.cn
作者简介:任胜茂(1963-),男,四川南充人,高级农艺师。E-mail: 1802475325@qq.com。邓榆川(1989-),男,四川资阳人,研究实习员。E-mail: 515271439@qq.com。**共同第一作者These authors contributed equally to this work.
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31671626)和四川省育种攻关(2016NYZ0031)资助

Effects of intercropping on the metabolism of carbon and nitrogen of soybean at the seedling stage and its relationship with lodging

REN Shen-mao^{2, **}, DENG Yu-chuan^{2, **}, WEN Feng-jun², LIU Ming-jie³, YUAN Xiao-qin⁴, Sajad Hussain¹, PU Quan-ming², LIU Wei-guo^{1, *}, YANG Wen-yu^{1, *}

1.Institute of Ecological Agriculture College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China;
2.Nanchong Institute of Agriculture Science, Nanchong 637000, China;
3.Meishan Vocational and Technical College, Meishan 620000, China;
4.Yibing Vocational and Technical College, Yibing 644000, China

Received:2017-10-26 Revised:2018-03-02 Online:2018-09-20 Published:2018-09-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为从植株光形态建成的角度,阐明玉米-大豆套作模式下,大豆苗期倒伏发生的原因。在大豆单作和玉米-大豆套作两种种植模式下,以强耐阴大豆南豆12和弱耐阴大豆南032-4为试验材料,对大豆倒伏率、茎秆形态、叶片光合特性,茎秆和叶片碳氮代谢物质含量等进行调查、测定和分析。结果表明,由于套作受共生期内玉米的遮阴,大豆处于弱光环境,导致植株形态发生改变,光合速率降低,并发生倒伏,但两种大豆品种受荫蔽影响的程度不同。南豆12受荫蔽的影响较小,倒伏率显著低于南032-4,茎秆长粗比增加幅度和光合速率降低幅度也显著低于南032-4,相关分析表明,倒伏率与茎秆长粗比呈极显著正相关(r=0.946;P<0.01);与叶片光合速率呈显著负相关(r=-0.886;P<0.05);叶片光合速率与光合有效辐射呈极显著正相关(r=0.900;P<0.01),说明套作荫蔽降低了大豆冠层的光合有效辐射而导致大豆叶片光合速率降低是引起套作大豆形态改变,发生倒伏的重要原因;分析大豆叶片光合速率、茎秆碳氮比、叶片碳氮比和倒伏率发现,套作显著降低了茎秆和叶片碳氮比,降低幅度表现为南032-4显著高于南豆12,相关分析表明,叶片光合速率与茎秆和叶片碳氮比呈显著或极显著负相关(r=-0.871,-0.930;P<0.05),茎秆和叶片碳氮比与倒伏率呈极显著正相关(r=0.985,0.968;P<0.01),说明较高的碳氮比是南豆12具有较强抗倒伏能力的生理基础,使其能够在套作环境下维持较优的光形态特性,更适合于套作种植;分析大豆碳氮物质代谢可知,套作显著降低了大豆茎秆和叶片的碳氮代谢物质含量,不同品种间表现为南豆12显著高于南032-4。说明较高的碳氮代谢活性和光合产物运输能力是增强套作大豆抗倒伏能力的物质基础和代谢基础。以玉米-大豆带状套作种植为对象,探明了套作大豆植株倒伏与茎叶碳氮代谢物质转运的关系,为培育套作专用的耐阴抗倒伏大豆品种提供理论支持。

关键词: 套作大豆, 倒伏, 碳氮比, 可溶性糖, 可溶性蛋白, 淀粉

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of photosynthetic capacity of soybean at the seedling stage in maize soybean intercropping. Our research studied the strongly shade tolerant soybean variety (Nandou 12) and weakly shade tolerant variety (Nan032-4), under soybean monoculture and maize soybean intercropping systems. The percentage of lodging,stem morphology, photosynthetic rate, carbon content and nitrogen metabolic activity of stems and leaves were measured. Compared with monoculture soybean, the stem length:diameter ratio was significantly increased by maize shading, but leaf photosynthetic rate and the lodging percentage were decreased. However, the degree of response differed between varieties. In the intercropping system, the stem morphology changes and increase in lodging were relatively small in the shade tolerant variety Nandou 12, and greater in the intolerant variety, Nan032-4. Lodging percentage was highly significantly correlated (r=0.946; P<0.01) with the stem length:diameter ratio, and negatively correlated with the photosynthetic rate (r=-0.886; P<0.05).Meanwhile, the photosynthetic rate was highly significantly positively correlated with the photosynthetically active radiation (r=0.900; P<0.01). The results show that shading by maize reduced the photosynthetically active radiation and photosynthetic rate, which in turn triggered plant height increase and stem diameter decrease responses, leading to increased plant lodging. Compared with soybean monoculture, the carbon:nitrogen ratio of intercropped soybean was significantly decreased by maize shading, but again Nandou 12 was significantly less affected than Nan032-4. Leaf photosynthetic rate was highly significantly and negatively correlated with the carbon:nitrogen ratios of leaf and stem (r=-0.871 and -0.930, respectively; P<0.05). The leaf and stem carbon:nitrogen ratios were highly significantly (r=0.985 and 0.968, respectively; P<0.01) and positively correlated with lodging percentage. These findings show that a high carbon:nitrogen ratio in soybean stem and leaf tissues provides a physiological basis for maintenance of higher lodging resistance and the variety with this trait (Nandou 12) was more suitable for intercrop planting than Nan032-4. Compared with soybean grown in monoculture, the content of carbon and nitrogen and photosynthetic activity and substrate export of stem and leaf tissue was significantly decreased when shaded by maize in the intercrop system. Soybean monoculture and maize soybean intercropping systems were used as in this study to explore the relationship between plant lodging, and carbon and nitrogen metabolism to provide a theoretical basis for development of appropriate fertilization management and cultivation practices to promote lodging resistance and identify varieties to lodging in intercropping systems.

Key words: intercropping soybean, lodging, carbon to nitrogen ratio, soluble sugar, soluble protein, starch

任胜茂, 邓榆川, 文凤君, 刘明洁, 袁小琴, SajadHussain, 蒲全明, 刘卫国, 杨文钰. 套作对大豆苗期碳氮物质代谢的影响及其与抗倒伏性的关系[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(9): 85-94.

REN Shen-mao, DENG Yu-chuan, WEN Feng-jun, LIU Ming-jie, YUAN Xiao-qin, Sajad Hussain, PU Quan-ming, LIU Wei-guo, YANG Wen-yu. Effects of intercropping on the metabolism of carbon and nitrogen of soybean at the seedling stage and its relationship with lodging[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(9): 85-94.

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套作对大豆苗期碳氮物质代谢的影响及其与抗倒伏性的关系

Effects of intercropping on the metabolism of carbon and nitrogen of soybean at the seedling stage and its relationship with lodging

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