欢迎访问《草业学报》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

草业学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (3): 51-61.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2018205

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

狼毒斑块对狼毒型退化草地植被和土壤理化性质影响的研究

鲍根生1,3,*, 王玉琴1,3, 宋梅玲1,3, 王宏生1,3, 尹亚丽1,3, 刘生财1,3, 杨有武2, 杨铭2   

  1. 1.省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海 西宁810016;
    2.青海省海北州海晏县草原站,青海 海晏 812200;
    3.青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室,青海 西宁810016
  • 收稿日期:2018-04-03 修回日期:2018-07-05 出版日期:2019-03-20 发布日期:2019-03-20
  • 通讯作者: E-mail:baogensheng2008@hotmail.com
  • 作者简介:鲍根生(1980-),男,青海乐都人,助理研究员,博士。
  • 基金资助:
    青海省科技厅成果转化项目(2016-NK-136),国家自然科学基金项目(31660690,31700098)和青海省科技厅自然科学基金项目(2017-ZJ-918Q)资助

Effects of Stellera chamaejasme patches on the surrounding grassland community and on soil physical-chemical properties in degraded grasslands susceptible to S. chamaejasme invasion

BAO Gen-sheng1,3,*, WANG Yu-qin1,3, SONG Mei-ling1,3, WANG Hong-sheng1,3, YIN Ya-li1,3, LIU Sheng-cai1,3, YANG You-wu2, YANG Ming2   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Xining 810016, China;
    2.Haiyan County Grassland Station, Haiyan 812200, China;
    3.Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Xining 810016, China
  • Received:2018-04-03 Revised:2018-07-05 Online:2019-03-20 Published:2019-03-20

摘要: 草地植物群落的物种组成变化影响草地土壤养分数量和分布格局,而土壤理化性质改变会加速原生植物被更适生于此土壤条件下的植物所代替。狼毒在退化草地中斑块状集群分布的格局可能会影响草地植物的群落结构和土壤养分循环过程。以退化草地中未防除狼毒和防除狼毒的狼毒斑块为研究对象,分析斑块内和斑块间草地植物群落的特征和土壤养分含量变化规律。结果表明: 1)未防除狼毒和防除狼毒斑块间的地上生物量、丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著低于未防除狼毒斑块内,而防除狼毒斑块内和斑块间的地上生物量和群落多样性指数差异不显著; 2)未防除狼毒斑块内土壤含水量、有机质含量、全氮含量、速效磷含量、铵态氮含量显著高于斑块间;同时,未防除狼毒斑块内土壤含水量、有机质含量、全氮含量显著高于防除狼毒斑块内,而防除狼毒斑块内土壤速效钾含量显著高于未防除狼毒斑块内。由此可见,狼毒斑块内土壤养分和水分含量比斑块间高,表现出明显的“肥岛”效应。针对狼毒型退化草地治理应严格控制草地载畜量并辅以防除狼毒、围封、施肥等草地改良措施,实现狼毒型退化草地的可持续利用。

关键词: 狼毒, 斑块, 多样性指数, 土壤养分, 肥岛, 除草剂

Abstract: Species composition of a grassland community has significant effects on soil nutrient contents and nutrient distribution. Under grazing pressure, native plant species may be replaced by invasive or toxic weeds highly adapted to the local soil type, resulting in degraded grassland. Stellera chamaejasme is one such invasive species that has become the dominant species in degraded grassland in parts of the Qinghai region, where it is often found with patchy distribution within stands of other plant species. However, few studies have examined the effects of S. chamaejasme patches on the surrounding grassland community or on soil physical-chemical properties in degraded grassland of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Therefore, aboveground biomass, diversity indexes and soil nutrient contents were measured within or between S. chamaejasme patches in natural grassland or after herbicide treatment. It was found that aboveground biomass, species richness index and Shannon-Wiener index were significantly lower between patches than within patches untreated with herbicide. However, after herbicide application, the aboveground biomass and diversity indexes did not differ between and within S. chamaejasme patches. Meanwhile, soil water content, organic matter content, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and NH4+-N contents were significantly higher within patches than between unsprayed patches. In addition, soil water, organic matter, and herbage total nitrogen contents within unsprayed patches were higher than within herbicide sprayed patches. However, available potassium content was higher within, than between patches receiving herbicide, Therefore, soil water and nutrient within-patch were higher than between-patch, demonstrating that S. chamaejasme patches had characteristics of a “fertile island”. Effective restoration of degraded S. chamaejasme grassland should include improvement measures, such as control of grassland carrying capacity, weed control, fencing and fertilization. With such measures in place, ecologically sustainable development of grassland where S. chamaejasme is present, can occur.

Key words: Stellera chamaejasme, patch, diversity index, soil nutrient, fertile island, herbicide