AM真菌与根瘤菌对紫花苜蓿镰刀菌萎蔫和根腐病的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2018453

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过温室盆栽试验,探究了丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌摩西管柄囊霉与苜蓿中华根瘤菌对紫花苜蓿尖孢镰刀菌萎蔫和根腐病的影响,以期为合理利用两类共生菌,提高苜蓿抗病性提供理论依据。试验共8个处理,分别为接种或不接种AM真菌、根瘤菌和病原菌以及两两组合。与对照相比,AM真菌降低紫花苜蓿萎蔫和根腐病发病率80.13%(P<0.05)。AM真菌和根瘤菌互作促进苜蓿养分吸收、叶绿素合成,互作处理较对照叶绿素含量(soil and plant analyzer development value, SPAD值)提高61.85%,茎叶N含量提高26.5倍、P含量提高54.3倍,紫花苜蓿茎叶干重提高23.4倍(P<0.05)。AM真菌促进了紫花苜蓿根瘤的形成,较对照根瘤数多111.73%;AM真菌与根瘤菌二者互作,进一步促进了紫花苜蓿生长、养分吸收,降低了紫花苜蓿发病率,同时显著影响紫花苜蓿根系相关生化指标。互作处理提高超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)活性41.05%,β-1, 3-葡聚糖酶(β-1, 3-glucanase)活性33.9%,茉莉酸(jasmonic acid, JA)浓度23.32%,木质素(lignin)16.92%,脱落酸(abscisic acid, ABA)、一氧化氮(nitric oxide, NO)和过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide, H₂O₂)浓度分别降低26.68%,9.63%和25.26%,丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)含量降低24.57%。综上所述,摩西管柄囊霉与苜蓿中华根瘤菌互作,可有效减轻紫花苜蓿镰刀菌萎蔫和根腐病的发生,二者具有良好的生防潜力。

关键词: 摩西管柄囊霉, 尖孢镰刀菌, 苜蓿病害, 养分, 植物激素, 生物防治

Abstract: In this research, a pot experiment was conducted to test the effects of Funnelliformis mosseae, an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus and the rhizobium species Sinorhizobium medicae on the wilt and root rot disease of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) caused by Fusarium oxysporum, to evaluate the biocontrol potential of the two symbiotic microorganisms. The experiment design was a 23 factorial with 8 treatments, involving alfalfa plants with or without inoculation with AM, rhizobium, and the Fusarium pathogen. AM fungi reduced the incidence of wilting and root rot in alfalfa by 80.13% (P<0.05). The interaction of AM fungi and rhizobia promoted the absorption of N and P and the synthesis of chlorophyll in the alfalfa plants. The chlorophyll content (SPAD value), shoot N content, shoot P content and shoot dry weight of AM+rhizobium treatments were, respectively, 61.85%, 26.5 fold, 54.3 fold and 23.4 fold higher than those of the control treatment (P<0.01). AM fungi promoted the formation of alfalfa root nodules, the number of which was on average 111.73% higher than in the control plants. The interaction of AM fungi and rhizobia reduced disease incidence of alfalfa, and significantly improved alfalfa root biochemical indicators. Compared with the control plants, the superoxide dismutase activity, β-1, 3-glucanase activity, the concentration of jasmonic acid and of lignin in alfalfa roots were increased, respectively, by 41.05%, 33.9%, 23.32% and 16.92% (P<0.05), while the concentrations of ABA, NO, H₂O₂ and malondialdehyde were reduced, respectively, by 26.68%, 9.63%, 25.26%, and 24.57%. In conclusion, the synergistic of F. mosseae and S. medicae can effectively reduce the occurrence of wilt and root rot disease caused by F. oxysporum in alfalfa. The two microorganisms have potential to be used as biocontrol agents to reduce alfalfa Fusarium wilt and root rot disease.

Key words: Funnelliformis mosseae, Fusarium oxysporum, alfalfa disease, nutrition, plant hormone, biological control

王晓瑜, 丁婷婷, 李彦忠, 段廷玉. AM真菌与根瘤菌对紫花苜蓿镰刀菌萎蔫和根腐病的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(8): 139-149.

WANG Xiao-yu, DING Ting-ting, LI Yan-zhong, DUAN Ting-yu. Effects of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and a rhizobium species on Medicago sativa wilt and Fusarium oxysporum root rot[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(8): 139-149.

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