草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 1-14.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020143
陈宸1(), 井长青1(), 邢文渊2, 邓小进1, 付皓宇1, 郭文章1
收稿日期:
2020-03-25
修回日期:
2020-05-07
出版日期:
2021-03-20
发布日期:
2021-03-09
通讯作者:
井长青
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: jingchangqing@126.com基金资助:
Chen CHEN1(), Chang-qing JING1(), Wen-yuan XING2, Xiao-jin DENG1, Hao-yu FU1, Wen-zhang GUO1
Received:
2020-03-25
Revised:
2020-05-07
Online:
2021-03-20
Published:
2021-03-09
Contact:
Chang-qing JING
摘要:
荒漠草地是干旱半干旱区陆地生态系统的关键类型,具有重要的生态作用,对气候变化和人类活动敏感。通过确定新疆荒漠草地NDVI阈值,提取荒漠草地范围,结合归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI)、植被净初级生产力(net primary productivity, NPP)、气象因子等数据,利用一元线性回归模型、相关性分析等方法,从不同的时间和空间尺度对1999-2018年新疆荒漠草地的动态变化及其对不同驱动因子的响应进行研究。结果表明:1)新疆南北疆荒漠草地分布存在差异,研究期间总体面积减少明显,平均NDVI稳定,NPP呈上升趋势。2)全年及7-8月气象因子变化趋势不同,南北疆存在显著差异,全疆大部分区域呈现气温升高、降水增多趋势。3)从时间变化看,降水量、大型蒸发量和平均风速是新疆荒漠草地年际NDVI的重要影响因子,水分条件对生长季NDVI的影响更为明显;年蒸发量与荒漠草地NPP呈显著负相关关系,平均风速、降水量与荒漠草地NPP存在一定相关性。4)从空间相关性来看,气温、降水在空间上与荒漠草地NDVI、NPP呈正相关的面积较大,且降水影响面积更大。研究表明,新疆荒漠草地植被动态变化是多种气象因子综合作用的结果,气温、降水是主要的影响因子,其中降水影响更为明显,水分条件是荒漠草地动态变化的决定因素。
陈宸, 井长青, 邢文渊, 邓小进, 付皓宇, 郭文章. 近20年新疆荒漠草地动态变化及其对气候变化的响应[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(3): 1-14.
Chen CHEN, Chang-qing JING, Wen-yuan XING, Xiao-jin DENG, Hao-yu FU, Wen-zhang GUO. Desert grassland dynamics in the last 20 years and its response to climate change in Xinjiang[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(3): 1-14.
气象因子 Meteorological factor | 全年 Annual | 7月 July | 8月 August | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r | P | r | P | r | P | |
平均气压Average pressure | -0.271 | 0.262 | -0.344 | 0.149 | -0.307 | 0.200 |
平均相对湿度Average relative humidity | 0.464* | 0.045 | 0.436 | 0.062 | 0.445 | 0.056 |
平均气温Average temperature | -0.018 | 0.941 | -0.164 | 0.501 | -0.161 | 0.511 |
日最高气温Daily maximum temperature | -0.129 | 0.599 | -0.195 | 0.423 | -0.352 | 0.140 |
日最低气温Daily minimum temperature | 0.106 | 0.665 | 0.024 | 0.921 | 0.204 | 0.401 |
平均风速Average wind speed | -0.427 | 0.068 | -0.071 | 0.772 | -0.172 | 0.481 |
大型蒸发量Evaporation | -0.335 | 0.161 | -0.526* | 0.021 | -0.449 | 0.054 |
20:00-8:00降水量Precipitation of 20:00-8:00 | 0.690** | 0.001 | 0.402 | 0.088 | 0.356 | 0.135 |
8:00-20:00降水量Precipitation of 8:00-20:00 | 0.615** | 0.005 | 0.440 | 0.059 | 0.439 | 0.060 |
全天累计降水量Daily precipitation | 0.708** | 0.001 | 0.486* | 0.035 | 0.415 | 0.077 |
日照时数Sunshine hours | -0.196 | 0.422 | -0.278 | 0.249 | -0.497* | 0.030 |
表1 荒漠草地NDVI与气象因子的相关系数及显著性
Table 1 Correlation coefficient and significance between NDVI and meteorological factors in desert grassland
气象因子 Meteorological factor | 全年 Annual | 7月 July | 8月 August | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r | P | r | P | r | P | |
平均气压Average pressure | -0.271 | 0.262 | -0.344 | 0.149 | -0.307 | 0.200 |
平均相对湿度Average relative humidity | 0.464* | 0.045 | 0.436 | 0.062 | 0.445 | 0.056 |
平均气温Average temperature | -0.018 | 0.941 | -0.164 | 0.501 | -0.161 | 0.511 |
日最高气温Daily maximum temperature | -0.129 | 0.599 | -0.195 | 0.423 | -0.352 | 0.140 |
日最低气温Daily minimum temperature | 0.106 | 0.665 | 0.024 | 0.921 | 0.204 | 0.401 |
平均风速Average wind speed | -0.427 | 0.068 | -0.071 | 0.772 | -0.172 | 0.481 |
大型蒸发量Evaporation | -0.335 | 0.161 | -0.526* | 0.021 | -0.449 | 0.054 |
20:00-8:00降水量Precipitation of 20:00-8:00 | 0.690** | 0.001 | 0.402 | 0.088 | 0.356 | 0.135 |
8:00-20:00降水量Precipitation of 8:00-20:00 | 0.615** | 0.005 | 0.440 | 0.059 | 0.439 | 0.060 |
全天累计降水量Daily precipitation | 0.708** | 0.001 | 0.486* | 0.035 | 0.415 | 0.077 |
日照时数Sunshine hours | -0.196 | 0.422 | -0.278 | 0.249 | -0.497* | 0.030 |
图9 1999-2015年新疆荒漠草地NDVI与气温(a)、降水(b)的相关性空间分布
Fig.9 Correlation coefficient between NDVI with temperature (a), precipitation (b) in desert grassland of Xinjiang from 1999 to 2015
气象因子 Meteorological factor | 全年 Annual | 7月 July | 8月 August | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r | P | r | P | r | P | |
平均气压Average pressure | -0.509* | 0.026 | -0.427 | 0.068 | -0.517* | 0.023 |
平均相对湿度Average relative humidity | 0.021 | 0.932 | 0.118 | 0.630 | -0.122 | 0.618 |
平均气温Average temperature | -0.369 | 0.120 | -0.383 | 0.106 | 0.018 | 0.941 |
日最高气温Daily maximum temperature | -0.296 | 0.218 | -0.413 | 0.079 | 0.096 | 0.696 |
日最低气温Daily minimum temperature | -0.377 | 0.112 | -0.354 | 0.136 | -0.097 | 0.692 |
平均风速Average wind speed | -0.686** | 0.001 | -0.123 | 0.617 | -0.273 | 0.258 |
大型蒸发量Evaporation | 0.392 | 0.097 | -0.005 | 0.983 | 0.287 | 0.234 |
20:00-8:00降水量Precipitation of 20:00-8:00 | -0.097 | 0.693 | 0.037 | 0.880 | -0.217 | 0.371 |
8:00-20:00降水量Precipitation of 8:00-20:00 | -0.150 | 0.541 | -0.054 | 0.827 | 0.100 | 0.684 |
全天累计降水量Daily precipitation | -0.126 | 0.607 | 0.005 | 0.983 | -0.079 | 0.749 |
日照时数Sunshine hours | 0.463* | 0.046 | 0.063 | 0.797 | 0.340 | 0.155 |
表2 荒漠草地面积变化与气象因子的相关系数及显著性
Table 2 Correlation coefficient and significance between the change of desert grassland area and meteorological factors
气象因子 Meteorological factor | 全年 Annual | 7月 July | 8月 August | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r | P | r | P | r | P | |
平均气压Average pressure | -0.509* | 0.026 | -0.427 | 0.068 | -0.517* | 0.023 |
平均相对湿度Average relative humidity | 0.021 | 0.932 | 0.118 | 0.630 | -0.122 | 0.618 |
平均气温Average temperature | -0.369 | 0.120 | -0.383 | 0.106 | 0.018 | 0.941 |
日最高气温Daily maximum temperature | -0.296 | 0.218 | -0.413 | 0.079 | 0.096 | 0.696 |
日最低气温Daily minimum temperature | -0.377 | 0.112 | -0.354 | 0.136 | -0.097 | 0.692 |
平均风速Average wind speed | -0.686** | 0.001 | -0.123 | 0.617 | -0.273 | 0.258 |
大型蒸发量Evaporation | 0.392 | 0.097 | -0.005 | 0.983 | 0.287 | 0.234 |
20:00-8:00降水量Precipitation of 20:00-8:00 | -0.097 | 0.693 | 0.037 | 0.880 | -0.217 | 0.371 |
8:00-20:00降水量Precipitation of 8:00-20:00 | -0.150 | 0.541 | -0.054 | 0.827 | 0.100 | 0.684 |
全天累计降水量Daily precipitation | -0.126 | 0.607 | 0.005 | 0.983 | -0.079 | 0.749 |
日照时数Sunshine hours | 0.463* | 0.046 | 0.063 | 0.797 | 0.340 | 0.155 |
气象因子 Meteorological factor | 全年 Annual | 7月 July | 8月 August | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r | P | r | P | r | P | |
平均气压Average pressure | -0.157 | 0.645 | 0.090 | 0.793 | 0.076 | 0.824 |
平均相对湿度Average relative humidity | 0.018 | 0.957 | 0.108 | 0.753 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
平均气温Average temperature | 0.098 | 0.775 | -0.123 | 0.719 | -0.131 | 0.702 |
日最高气温Daily maximum temperature | 0.044 | 0.898 | -0.112 | 0.744 | -0.228 | 0.499 |
日最低气温Daily minimum temperature | 0.266 | 0.429 | -0.020 | 0.954 | -0.007 | 0.983 |
平均风速Average wind speed | -0.366 | 0.269 | 0.303 | 0.365 | 0.093 | 0.786 |
大型蒸发量Evaporation | -0.667* | 0.025 | -0.264 | 0.432 | -0.177 | 0.603 |
20:00-8:00降水量Precipitation of 20:00-8:00 | 0.587 | 0.058 | 0.306 | 0.360 | 0.049 | 0.885 |
8:00-20:00降水量Precipitation of 8:00-20:00 | 0.481 | 0.134 | 0.303 | 0.365 | 0.190 | 0.576 |
全天累计降水量Daily precipitation | 0.549 | 0.080 | 0.327 | 0.326 | 0.143 | 0.676 |
日照时数Sunshine hours | -0.060 | 0.860 | 0.234 | 0.489 | -0.209 | 0.537 |
表3 荒漠草地NPP总量变化与气象因子的相关系数及显著性
Table 3 Correlation coefficients and significance between changes of total desert grassland NPP and meteorological factors
气象因子 Meteorological factor | 全年 Annual | 7月 July | 8月 August | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r | P | r | P | r | P | |
平均气压Average pressure | -0.157 | 0.645 | 0.090 | 0.793 | 0.076 | 0.824 |
平均相对湿度Average relative humidity | 0.018 | 0.957 | 0.108 | 0.753 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
平均气温Average temperature | 0.098 | 0.775 | -0.123 | 0.719 | -0.131 | 0.702 |
日最高气温Daily maximum temperature | 0.044 | 0.898 | -0.112 | 0.744 | -0.228 | 0.499 |
日最低气温Daily minimum temperature | 0.266 | 0.429 | -0.020 | 0.954 | -0.007 | 0.983 |
平均风速Average wind speed | -0.366 | 0.269 | 0.303 | 0.365 | 0.093 | 0.786 |
大型蒸发量Evaporation | -0.667* | 0.025 | -0.264 | 0.432 | -0.177 | 0.603 |
20:00-8:00降水量Precipitation of 20:00-8:00 | 0.587 | 0.058 | 0.306 | 0.360 | 0.049 | 0.885 |
8:00-20:00降水量Precipitation of 8:00-20:00 | 0.481 | 0.134 | 0.303 | 0.365 | 0.190 | 0.576 |
全天累计降水量Daily precipitation | 0.549 | 0.080 | 0.327 | 0.326 | 0.143 | 0.676 |
日照时数Sunshine hours | -0.060 | 0.860 | 0.234 | 0.489 | -0.209 | 0.537 |
图 10 2000-2010年新疆荒漠草地NPP与气温(a)、降水(b)的相关性空间分布
Fig.10 Correlation coefficient between NPP and temperature (a), precipitation (b) in desert grassland of Xinjiang from 2000 to 2010
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