草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (10): 169-179.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020379
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
吴长荣(), 代胜, 梁龙飞, 孙文涛, 彭超, 陈超, 郝俊()
收稿日期:
2020-08-04
修回日期:
2020-09-27
出版日期:
2021-09-16
发布日期:
2021-09-16
通讯作者:
郝俊
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: jhao@gzu.edu.cn基金资助:
Chang-rong WU(), Sheng DAI, Long-fei LIANG, Wen-tao SUN, Chao PENG, Chao CHEN, Jun HAO()
Received:
2020-08-04
Revised:
2020-09-27
Online:
2021-09-16
Published:
2021-09-16
Contact:
Jun HAO
摘要:
本试验旨在研究不同青贮添加剂对构树青贮营养价值、发酵品质以及氮组分和蛋白酶的动态影响。晾晒1.5 h后将糖蜜添加到构树原料中作为对照组(CK),再在CK的基础上分别添加甲酸(FA)、纤维素酶(CE)和乳酸菌(LB)。分别在青贮0、3、7、15、30和45 d测定氮组分和酶活性动态变化,45 d后测其营养品质和发酵品质。结果表明:相对于CK,FA、LB和CE组的干物质、粗蛋白、乳酸和乙酸含量增加,粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、丙酸含量、pH和氨态氮/总氮降低(P<0.05);pH值、总氮含量、酸性蛋白酶、羧基肽酶和氨基肽酶活性随时间延长呈下降趋势,非蛋白氮、氨态氮、游离氨基酸随青贮时间延长呈逐渐上升趋势,且FA、LB和CE组在不同时间段较CK组均降低(P<0.05);肽氮含量随时间延长呈先增加后下降趋势,且FA、LB和CE组在不同时间段较CK组有所增加。结合隶属函数分析得出不同添加剂处理的构树青贮饲料综合营养价值从高到低为:LB组>CE组>FA组>CK。
吴长荣, 代胜, 梁龙飞, 孙文涛, 彭超, 陈超, 郝俊. 不同添加剂对构树青贮饲料发酵品质和蛋白质降解的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(10): 169-179.
Chang-rong WU, Sheng DAI, Long-fei LIANG, Wen-tao SUN, Chao PENG, Chao CHEN, Jun HAO. Effects of different additives on fermentation quality and protein degradation of Broussonetia papyrifera silage[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(10): 169-179.
项目 Item | 晾晒1.5 h Airing 1.5 h |
---|---|
含水量Water content (% FM) | 69.82 |
粗灰分Crude ash (% DM, Ash) | 8.28 |
粗蛋白质Crude protein (% DM, CP) | 19.72 |
粗脂肪Ether extract (% DM, EE) | 3.56 |
粗纤维Crude fiber (% DM, CF) | 17.27 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (% DM, NDF) | 38.92 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (% DM, ADF) | 20.46 |
可溶性碳水化合物Soluble carbohydrates (% DM, WSC) | 6.29 |
表1 构树原料营养成分
Table 1 Nutritional components of paper mulberry silage
项目 Item | 晾晒1.5 h Airing 1.5 h |
---|---|
含水量Water content (% FM) | 69.82 |
粗灰分Crude ash (% DM, Ash) | 8.28 |
粗蛋白质Crude protein (% DM, CP) | 19.72 |
粗脂肪Ether extract (% DM, EE) | 3.56 |
粗纤维Crude fiber (% DM, CF) | 17.27 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (% DM, NDF) | 38.92 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (% DM, ADF) | 20.46 |
可溶性碳水化合物Soluble carbohydrates (% DM, WSC) | 6.29 |
处理 Treatment | 干物质 DM (%FW) | 粗蛋白 CP (%DM) | 粗脂肪 EE (%DM) | 可溶性碳水化合物 WSC (%DM) | 粗灰分 Ash (%DM) | 粗纤维 CF (%DM) | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF (%DM) | 中性洗涤纤维 NDF (%DM) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 26.43±0.38b | 17.66±0.22b | 3.18±0.01c | 1.70±0.02b | 8.50±0.10ab | 17.25±0.17a | 19.89±0.10a | 31.61±0.42a |
FA | 28.26±0.24a | 19.20±0.13a | 3.67±0.04b | 2.80±0.02a | 8.20±0.14b | 15.56±0.41b | 18.73±0.15b | 30.83±0.88a |
LB | 27.06±0.57ab | 19.57±0.59a | 3.14±0.22c | 1.25±0.03c | 8.74±0.11a | 15.49±0.39b | 19.77±0.04a | 32.70±0.63a |
CE | 27.15±0.63ab | 18.86±0.18a | 4.34±0.20a | 1.71±0.03b | 8.69±0.03a | 14.77±0.12b | 18.97±0.22b | 28.74±0.19b |
表2 不同添加剂对构树青贮饲料营养品质的影响
Table 2 Effects of different additives on nutrient quality of paper mulberry silage
处理 Treatment | 干物质 DM (%FW) | 粗蛋白 CP (%DM) | 粗脂肪 EE (%DM) | 可溶性碳水化合物 WSC (%DM) | 粗灰分 Ash (%DM) | 粗纤维 CF (%DM) | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF (%DM) | 中性洗涤纤维 NDF (%DM) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 26.43±0.38b | 17.66±0.22b | 3.18±0.01c | 1.70±0.02b | 8.50±0.10ab | 17.25±0.17a | 19.89±0.10a | 31.61±0.42a |
FA | 28.26±0.24a | 19.20±0.13a | 3.67±0.04b | 2.80±0.02a | 8.20±0.14b | 15.56±0.41b | 18.73±0.15b | 30.83±0.88a |
LB | 27.06±0.57ab | 19.57±0.59a | 3.14±0.22c | 1.25±0.03c | 8.74±0.11a | 15.49±0.39b | 19.77±0.04a | 32.70±0.63a |
CE | 27.15±0.63ab | 18.86±0.18a | 4.34±0.20a | 1.71±0.03b | 8.69±0.03a | 14.77±0.12b | 18.97±0.22b | 28.74±0.19b |
处理 Treatment | pH | 乳酸 LA (%DM) | 乙酸 AA (%DM) | 丙酸 PA (%DM) | 丁酸 BA (%DM) | 氨态氮/全氮 AN/TN (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 4.15±0.01a | 4.12±0.07d | 0.49±0.01d | 0.21±0.01a | ND | 9.75±0.05a |
FA | 4.08±0.01b | 4.73±0.07b | 0.67±0.01a | 0.13±0.02b | ND | 8.40±0.44c |
LB | 4.07±0.01b | 5.41±0.06a | 0.53±0.02c | 0.02±0.00d | ND | 8.02±0.37c |
CE | 4.10±0.02b | 4.47±0.06c | 0.57±0.01b | 0.09±0.02bc | ND | 8.86±0.29b |
表3 不同添加剂对构树青贮饲料发酵品质的影响
Table 3 Effects of different additives on fermentation quality of paper mulberry silage
处理 Treatment | pH | 乳酸 LA (%DM) | 乙酸 AA (%DM) | 丙酸 PA (%DM) | 丁酸 BA (%DM) | 氨态氮/全氮 AN/TN (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 4.15±0.01a | 4.12±0.07d | 0.49±0.01d | 0.21±0.01a | ND | 9.75±0.05a |
FA | 4.08±0.01b | 4.73±0.07b | 0.67±0.01a | 0.13±0.02b | ND | 8.40±0.44c |
LB | 4.07±0.01b | 5.41±0.06a | 0.53±0.02c | 0.02±0.00d | ND | 8.02±0.37c |
CE | 4.10±0.02b | 4.47±0.06c | 0.57±0.01b | 0.09±0.02bc | ND | 8.86±0.29b |
蛋白酶 Protease | 时间处理 Time treatment (d) | 添加剂处理 Additive treatment | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | FA | CE | LB | ||
酸性蛋白酶 Acid protease (U·mL-1) | 0 | 150.25±0.00Aa | 150.25±0.00Aa | 150.25±0.00Aa | 150.25±0.00Aa |
1 | 126.15±0.87Ab | 104.78±0.50Cb | 114.25±0.63Bb | 97.30±0.72Db | |
3 | 100.84±0.79Ac | 79.96±0.30Cc | 92.19±0.72Bc | 80.92±0.23Cc | |
7 | 86.03±0.31Ad | 62.06±0.45Cd | 74.05±0.89Bd | 63.36±0.21Cd | |
15 | 72.15±0.37Ae | 54.25±0.63Ce | 64.78±0.50Be | 50.98±0.31De | |
30 | 55.84±0.79Af | 43.52±0.49Bf | 54.25±0.63Af | 38.47±0.46Cf | |
45 | 53.69±0.23Ag | 35.80±0.25Cg | 43.48±0.50Bg | 29.15±0.54Dg | |
羧基肽酶 Carboxypeptidase (U·mL-1) | 0 | 78.03±0.00Aa | 78.03±0.00Aa | 78.03±0.00Aa | 78.03±0.00Aa |
1 | 71.30±0.85Ab | 56.50±0.58Cb | 62.46±0.64Bb | 58.14±0.83Cb | |
3 | 66.44±0.61Ac | 47.50±0.62Dc | 54.40±0.67Bc | 51.16±0.64Cc | |
7 | 59.05±0.83Ad | 43.23±0.75Cd | 47.58±0.64Bd | 44.76±0.34Cd | |
15 | 56.37±0.71Ae | 37.68±0.72Ce | 43.41±0.71Be | 38.12±1.29Ce | |
30 | 51.46±0.67Af | 33.00±0.43Cf | 36.69±0.19Bf | 30.23±0.52Df | |
45 | 48.94±0.96Ag | 26.12±0.45Cg | 31.88±0.17Bg | 23.67±0.10Dg | |
氨基肽酶 Aminopeptidase (U·mL-1) | 0 | 46.86±0.00Aa | 46.86±0.00Aa | 46.86±0.00Aa | 46.86±0.00Aa |
1 | 28.40±0.54Ab | 15.96±0.45Db | 25.61±1.25Bb | 21.62±0.45Cb | |
3 | 19.41±0.50Ac | 6.60±0.22Dc | 14.33±0.60Bc | 9.63±0.21Cc | |
7 | 11.58±0.62Ad | 0.00±0.00Cd | 9.39±0.46Bd | 0.00±0.00Cd | |
15 | 0.00±0.00Ae | 0.00±0.00Ad | 0.00±0.00Ae | 0.00±0.00Ad | |
30 | 0.00±0.00Ae | 0.00±0.00Ad | 0.00±0.00Ae | 0.00±0.00Ad | |
45 | 0.00±0.00Ae | 0.00±0.00Ad | 0.00±0.00Ae | 0.00±0.00Ad |
表4 不同添加剂对构树青贮饲料蛋白酶的动态影响
Table 4 Dynamic effects of different additives on the protease of paper mulberry silage
蛋白酶 Protease | 时间处理 Time treatment (d) | 添加剂处理 Additive treatment | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | FA | CE | LB | ||
酸性蛋白酶 Acid protease (U·mL-1) | 0 | 150.25±0.00Aa | 150.25±0.00Aa | 150.25±0.00Aa | 150.25±0.00Aa |
1 | 126.15±0.87Ab | 104.78±0.50Cb | 114.25±0.63Bb | 97.30±0.72Db | |
3 | 100.84±0.79Ac | 79.96±0.30Cc | 92.19±0.72Bc | 80.92±0.23Cc | |
7 | 86.03±0.31Ad | 62.06±0.45Cd | 74.05±0.89Bd | 63.36±0.21Cd | |
15 | 72.15±0.37Ae | 54.25±0.63Ce | 64.78±0.50Be | 50.98±0.31De | |
30 | 55.84±0.79Af | 43.52±0.49Bf | 54.25±0.63Af | 38.47±0.46Cf | |
45 | 53.69±0.23Ag | 35.80±0.25Cg | 43.48±0.50Bg | 29.15±0.54Dg | |
羧基肽酶 Carboxypeptidase (U·mL-1) | 0 | 78.03±0.00Aa | 78.03±0.00Aa | 78.03±0.00Aa | 78.03±0.00Aa |
1 | 71.30±0.85Ab | 56.50±0.58Cb | 62.46±0.64Bb | 58.14±0.83Cb | |
3 | 66.44±0.61Ac | 47.50±0.62Dc | 54.40±0.67Bc | 51.16±0.64Cc | |
7 | 59.05±0.83Ad | 43.23±0.75Cd | 47.58±0.64Bd | 44.76±0.34Cd | |
15 | 56.37±0.71Ae | 37.68±0.72Ce | 43.41±0.71Be | 38.12±1.29Ce | |
30 | 51.46±0.67Af | 33.00±0.43Cf | 36.69±0.19Bf | 30.23±0.52Df | |
45 | 48.94±0.96Ag | 26.12±0.45Cg | 31.88±0.17Bg | 23.67±0.10Dg | |
氨基肽酶 Aminopeptidase (U·mL-1) | 0 | 46.86±0.00Aa | 46.86±0.00Aa | 46.86±0.00Aa | 46.86±0.00Aa |
1 | 28.40±0.54Ab | 15.96±0.45Db | 25.61±1.25Bb | 21.62±0.45Cb | |
3 | 19.41±0.50Ac | 6.60±0.22Dc | 14.33±0.60Bc | 9.63±0.21Cc | |
7 | 11.58±0.62Ad | 0.00±0.00Cd | 9.39±0.46Bd | 0.00±0.00Cd | |
15 | 0.00±0.00Ae | 0.00±0.00Ad | 0.00±0.00Ae | 0.00±0.00Ad | |
30 | 0.00±0.00Ae | 0.00±0.00Ad | 0.00±0.00Ae | 0.00±0.00Ad | |
45 | 0.00±0.00Ae | 0.00±0.00Ad | 0.00±0.00Ae | 0.00±0.00Ad |
项目 Item | 指标 Index | 添加剂处理 Additive treatment | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | FA | LB | CE | ||
营养品质 Nutritional quality | 干物质DM | 0.365 | 0.662 | 0.359 | 0.417 |
粗蛋白CP | 0.380 | 0.537 | 0.578 | 0.539 | |
粗灰分Ash | 0.559 | 0.528 | 0.573 | 0.567 | |
粗脂肪EE | 0.500 | 0.500 | 0.500 | 0.496 | |
粗纤维CF | 0.483 | 0.357 | 0.624 | 0.400 | |
中性洗涤纤维NDF | 0.367 | 0.440 | 0.405 | 0.547 | |
酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 0.615 | 0.516 | 0.635 | 0.461 | |
可溶性碳水化合物WSC | 0.408 | 0.341 | 0.563 | 0.449 | |
发酵品质Fermentation quality | pH | 0.444 | 0.333 | 0.667 | 0.583 |
乳酸LA | 0.630 | 0.513 | 0.525 | 0.336 | |
乙酸AA | 0.407 | 0.665 | 0.405 | 0.643 | |
丙酸PA | 0.541 | 0.472 | 0.419 | 0.451 | |
氨态氮/全氮AN/TN | 0.611 | 0.388 | 0.545 | 0.566 | |
非蛋白氮Non-protein nitrogen (NPN) | 0.455 | 0.648 | 0.537 | 0.607 | |
酸性蛋白酶Acid protease | 0.421 | 0.516 | 0.592 | 0.359 | |
羧基肽酶Carboxypeptidase | 0.404 | 0.403 | 0.521 | 0.636 | |
综合评价值Comprehensive evaluation | 0.474 | 0.489 | 0.528 | 0.504 | |
排名 Ranking | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
表5 不同添加剂对构树青贮饲料营养价值、发酵品质和蛋白质降解的隶属函数分析
Table 5 Membership function analysis of different additives on nutritional value, fermentation quality and protein degradation of paper mulberry silage
项目 Item | 指标 Index | 添加剂处理 Additive treatment | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | FA | LB | CE | ||
营养品质 Nutritional quality | 干物质DM | 0.365 | 0.662 | 0.359 | 0.417 |
粗蛋白CP | 0.380 | 0.537 | 0.578 | 0.539 | |
粗灰分Ash | 0.559 | 0.528 | 0.573 | 0.567 | |
粗脂肪EE | 0.500 | 0.500 | 0.500 | 0.496 | |
粗纤维CF | 0.483 | 0.357 | 0.624 | 0.400 | |
中性洗涤纤维NDF | 0.367 | 0.440 | 0.405 | 0.547 | |
酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 0.615 | 0.516 | 0.635 | 0.461 | |
可溶性碳水化合物WSC | 0.408 | 0.341 | 0.563 | 0.449 | |
发酵品质Fermentation quality | pH | 0.444 | 0.333 | 0.667 | 0.583 |
乳酸LA | 0.630 | 0.513 | 0.525 | 0.336 | |
乙酸AA | 0.407 | 0.665 | 0.405 | 0.643 | |
丙酸PA | 0.541 | 0.472 | 0.419 | 0.451 | |
氨态氮/全氮AN/TN | 0.611 | 0.388 | 0.545 | 0.566 | |
非蛋白氮Non-protein nitrogen (NPN) | 0.455 | 0.648 | 0.537 | 0.607 | |
酸性蛋白酶Acid protease | 0.421 | 0.516 | 0.592 | 0.359 | |
羧基肽酶Carboxypeptidase | 0.404 | 0.403 | 0.521 | 0.636 | |
综合评价值Comprehensive evaluation | 0.474 | 0.489 | 0.528 | 0.504 | |
排名 Ranking | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
1 | Tan G H, Liu Z Q, Xiao H, et al. The feed value and application of Broussonetia papyrifera. China Feed, 2017(20): 32-35. |
谭桂华, 刘子琦, 肖华, 等. 构树的饲用价值及应用. 中国饲料, 2017(20): 32-35. | |
2 | Tu Y, Diao Q Y, Zhang R, et al. Analysis on the feed nutritive value of hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera leaf. Pratacultural Science, 2009, 26(6): 136-139. |
屠焰, 刁其玉, 张蓉, 等. 杂交构树叶的饲用营养价值分析. 草业科学, 2009, 26(6): 136-139. | |
3 | Xiong L Y, Li H X, Zhong Y C, et al. Effect of fermented Broussonetia papyrifera on metabolic performance of Sanhuang chicken. Feed Research, 2010(5): 77-79. |
熊罗英, 李海新, 钟玉禅, 等. 发酵构树叶对三黄鸡代谢性能的影响. 饲料研究, 2010(5): 77-79. | |
4 | Song B, Zheng C B, Zhong Y Z, et al. Effects of low-protein diet supplemented with fermented Broussonetia papyrifera on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of finishing pigs. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2020, 32(12): 1-11. |
宋博, 郑昌炳, 仲银召, 等. 低蛋白质饲粮中添加构树全株发酵饲料对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响. 动物营养学报, 2020, 32(12): 1-11. | |
5 | Wang Y S, Jiang H, Xie X Z. The effect of feeding Bama Xiang pig with mulberry leaves. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2016(20): 194-195. |
王永树, 江浩, 谢先中. 构树叶饲喂巴马香猪的效果试验. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2016(20): 194-195. | |
6 | Si B W, Xu W C, Guo J P, et al. Effect of Broussonetia papyrifera L. (paper mulberry) silage on growth performance, biochemical indexes of serum and fatty acid composition in the longissimus dorsi muscle in dorper×Thin-tailed Han crossbred sheep. Chinese Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2019, 50(7): 1424-1432. |
司丙文, 徐文财, 郭江鹏, 等. 杂交构树青贮对杜寒杂交肉羊生产性能、血清指标及背最长肌脂肪酸组成的影响. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(7): 1424-1432. | |
7 | Fu J T, Wang X K, Ni K K, et al. The effects of adding lactic acid bacteria and molasses on fermentation of Broussonetia papyrifera and rice straw mixed silage. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(4): 121-128. |
付锦涛, 王学凯, 倪奎奎, 等. 添加乳酸菌和糖蜜对全株构树和稻草混合青贮的影响. 草业学报, 2020, 29(4): 121-128. | |
8 | Liang C Y, Wu Z H, Ouyang J L, et al. Effects of paper mulberry silage on performance, nutrient apparent digestibility and serum biochemical indexes of early lactating dairy cows. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2020, 32(8): 1-9. |
梁春宇, 吴兆海, 欧阳佳良, 等. 杂交构树青贮对泌乳前期奶牛生产性能、养分表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响. 动物营养学报, 2020, 32(8): 1-9. | |
9 | Liu K L. Effects of different water content and additives on quality of hybrid paper mulberry silage. Taiyuan: Shanxi Agricultural University, 2019. |
刘凯丽. 不同含水量及添加剂对杂交构树青贮饲料品质的影响. 太原: 山西农业大学, 2019. | |
10 | Sophie H, Virginie D, Yves B, et al. Silage additives to reduce protein degradation during ensiling and evaluation of in vitro ruminal nitrogen degradability. Grass and Forage Science, 2019, 74(1): 86-96. |
11 | Ke W C. Studies on the characteristics of them lipolysis and proteolysis in ensiled alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) treated with different additives. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2015. |
柯文灿. 不同种类添加剂对紫花苜蓿青贮脂肪酸和蛋白质降解的影响. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2015. | |
12 | Cui X. Fermentation characters and nutritional value of alfalfa silages ensiled with formic acid or Italian ryegrass. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural College, 2015. |
崔鑫. 添加甲酸及混合青贮对紫花苜蓿发酵特性和营养品质的影响. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2015. | |
13 | Zhang L Y. Feed analysis and feed quality inspection technology. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press, 2016. |
张丽英. 饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术. 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2016. | |
14 | Wang R R, Wang H L, Liu X, et al. Effects of different additives on fermentation characteristics and protein degradation of green tea grounds silage. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2011, 24(5): 616-622. |
15 | Gao H J, Liu Z D, Sun R, et al. The effects of different storage time on alfalfa silage quality. China Feed, 2019(23): 95-98. |
高海娟, 刘泽东, 孙蕊, 等. 不同贮藏时间对苜蓿青贮品质的影响. 中国饲料, 2019(23): 95-98. | |
16 | Licitra G, Hernandez T M, Van Soest P J. Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1996, 57(4): 347-358. |
17 | Cheng W, Guo X S. Characterization of serine endopeptidases in alfalfa and its role on protein degradation of silage. Pratacultural Science, 2011, 28(5): 855-860. |
程巍, 郭旭生. 苜蓿丝氨酸蛋白水解酶及青贮时对蛋白降解作用的研究. 草业科学, 2011, 28(5): 855-860. | |
18 | Broderick G A, Kang-Meznarich J H, Craig W M. Total and individual amino acids in strained ruminal liquor from cows fed graded amounts of urea. Journal of Dairy Science, 1981, 64(8): 1731-1734. |
19 | Yang M Z, Wang Q, Qu S M, et al. Study on three kinds of enzymatic activity in the process of alfalfa ensiling. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2012, 34(1): 113-116. |
杨智明, 王琴, 曲善民, 等. 苜蓿青贮过程中三种酶活性动态研究. 中国草地学报, 2012, 34(1): 113-116. | |
20 | Wang Y F, Jiang F G, Cheng H J, et al. Effects of different silage additives on nutritional value, fermentation quality and rumen degradability of whole corn silage. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2020, 32(6): 2765-2774. |
王亚芳, 姜富贵, 成海建, 等. 不同青贮添加剂对全株玉米青贮营养价值、发酵品质和瘤胃降解率的影响. 动物营养学报, 2020, 32(6): 2765-2774. | |
21 | Yin G L, Shi J, Zhang Z M, et al. Effects of additives on the quality of alfalfa silage. Feed Research, 2017(6): 1-4. |
尹国丽, 史静, 张贞明, 等. 添加剂对紫花苜蓿青贮品质的影响. 饲料研究, 2017(6): 1-4. | |
22 | Yu H R, Ge G T, Wang Z J, et al. Effects of formic acid additives and ensiling time on the quality of alfalfa silage. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(3): 89-95. |
于浩然, 格根图, 王志军, 等. 甲酸添加剂及青贮时间对紫花苜蓿青贮品质的影响. 草业学报, 2020, 29(3): 89-95. | |
23 | Masuko T, Kodama I, Ohta N. Effects of addition of formic acid or mixture of bacterial inoculant and enzyme on fermentation of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silages. Japanese Journal of Grassland Science, 2017, 42: 13-19. |
24 | Mingli Z, Dongze N, Sasa Z, et al. The effect of cultivar, wilting and storage period on fermentation and the clostridial community of alfalfa silage. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2018, 17(2): 1-11. |
25 | Dong Z H, Yuan X J, Wen A Y, et al. Effect of lactic acid bacteria and fermentation substrates on the quality of mulberry (Morus alba) leaf silage. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(6): 167-174. |
董志浩, 原现军, 闻爱友, 等. 添加乳酸菌和发酵底物对桑叶青贮发酵品质的影响. 草业学报, 2016, 25(6): 167-174. | |
26 | Wang X P, Wang X Q, Li B, et al. Testing the performance of compound microbial additives in silage maize nutrients and the effect of feeding Tan sheep. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2020, 28(8): 1258-1264. |
王小平, 王小琪, 李标, 等. 复合菌剂对青贮玉米营养成分及其饲喂滩羊效果的研究. 中国生态农业学报, 2020, 28(8): 1258-1264. | |
27 | Chen G J, Wu J H, Shang Y S, et al. Dynamic effects of exogenous fibrolytic enzyme supplementation on nutritive value, fermentation quality and enzyme activities of fermentation total mixed ration. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(9): 123-134. |
陈光吉, 吴佳海, 尚以顺, 等. 外源纤维素酶对发酵全混合日粮营养价值、发酵品质和酶活性的动态影响. 草业学报, 2019, 28(9): 123-134. | |
28 | He L W, Zhou W, Wang C, et al. Effect of cellulase and Lactobacillus casei on ensiling characteristics, chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and digestibility of mulberry leaf silage. Journal of Dairy Science, 2019, 102(11): 9919-9931. |
29 | Shao T, Zhang Z X, Shimojo M, et al. Comparison of fermentation characteristics of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and Guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) during the early stage of ensiling. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2005, 18(12): 1727-1734. |
30 | Wang J F, Li T Z. Animal nutrition. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press, 2007. |
王久峰, 李同洲. 动物营养学. 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2007. | |
31 | Yuan X, Yu C, Shimojo M, et al. Improvement of fermentation and nutritive quality of straw-grass silage by inclusion of wet hulless-barley distillers’ grains in Tibet. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2012, 25(4): 479-485. |
32 | Dai H L, Tian X H, Du W H, et al. Effects of silage additives on nutritional quality and silage quality of triticale and rye. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(12): 211-219. |
代寒凌, 田新会, 杜文华, 等. 不同添加剂处理对小黑麦和黑麦青贮营养品质和发酵品质的影响. 草业学报, 2019, 28(12): 211-219. | |
33 | Liu H, Bu D P, Lv Z W, et al. Effects of wilting and additives on fermentation quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) silage. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(5): 126-133. |
刘辉,卜登攀, 吕中旺, 等. 凋萎和不同添加剂对紫花苜蓿青贮品质的影响. 草业学报, 2015, 24(5): 126-133. | |
34 | Li D X, Ni K K, Zhang Y C, et al. Influence of lactic acid bacteria, cellulase, cellulase-producing Bacillus pumilus and their combinations on alfalfa silage quality. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(12): 172-186. |
35 | Xu W, Shi S L, Zhang W Y, et al. Effect of different additives on quality of low moisture alfalfa silage. Grassland and Turf, 2014, 34(1): 49-54. |
徐炜, 师尚礼, 张文渝, 等. 不同添加剂对低水分紫花苜蓿青贮品质的影响. 草原与草坪, 2014, 34(1): 49-54. | |
36 | Hristov A N. Effect of a commercial enzyme preparation on alfalfa silage fermentation and protein degradability. Elsevier, 1993, 42(3/4): 273-282. |
37 | Filya I, Muck R E, Contreras-Govea F E. Inoculant effects on alfalfa silage: Fermentation products and nutritive value. Journal of Dairy Science, 2007, 90(11): 5108-5114. |
38 | Hao W. Mechanism of protein degradation by microbial proteinase during fermentation of total mixed ration. Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2005. |
郝薇. TMR发酵过程中微生物及其蛋白酶对蛋白降解的作用机理研究. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2015. | |
39 | Rooke J A, Armstrong D G. The importance of the form of nitrogen on microbial protein synthesis in the rumen of cattle receiving grass silage and continuous intrarumen infusions of sucrose. The British Journal of Nutrition, 1989, 61(1): 113-121. |
40 | Sullivan M L, Zeller W E. Efficacy of various naturally occurring caffeic acid derivatives in preventing post-harvest protein losses in forages. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2013, 93(2): 219-226. |
41 | Mitsuaki O, Peter M. A review of the changes in nitrogenous compounds of herbage during ensilage. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 1978, 29(6): 497-505. |
42 | Yuan X J, Wen A Y, Desta S T, et al. Effects of four short-chain fatty acids or salts on the dynamics of nitrogen transformations and intrinsic protease activity of alfalfa silage. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2017, 97(9): 2759-2766. |
43 | Yang H, Zhang Q, Hou J J, et al. Effect of biological additives on ultras structure and fiber content of Leymus chinenses silage. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(12): 94-101. |
杨红, 张庆, 侯建建, 等. 生物添加剂对羊草青贮饲料超微结构和纤维变化的影响. 草业学报, 2016, 25(12): 94-101. | |
44 | Waroon K, Suradej P, David H, et al. Natural lactic acid bacteria population of tropical grasses and their fermentation factor analysis of silage prepared with cellulase and inoculant. Journal of Dairy Science, 2016, 99(12): 9768-9781. |
45 | Dai Y. Effect of different additives on digestive characteristics of ensiled alfalfa in vitro. Changchun: Jilin Agricultural University, 2008. |
代艳. 不同添加剂对紫花苜蓿青贮过程中蛋白降解特性的影响. 长春: 吉林农业大学, 2008. | |
46 | Tian J P, Li Z Z, Yu Z, et al. Interactive effect of inoculant and dried jujube powder on the fermentation quality and nitrogen fraction of alfalfa silage. Animal Science Journal, 2017, 88(4): 633-642. |
47 | Nagel S A, Broderick G A. Effect of formic acid or formaldehyde treatment of alfalfa silage on nutrient utilization by dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 1992, 75(1): 140-154. |
48 | Zhang F, Cai H Y, Wang Z G, et al. Study on the dynamic changes of fermentation quality and nutritional components of whole-plant barley silage of different varieties. China Dairy Cattle, 2014(Z4): 1-8. |
张放, 蔡海莹, 王志耕, 等. 不同品种全株饲用大麦青贮发酵品质及其营养成分动态变化研究. 中国奶牛, 2014(Z4): 1-8. | |
49 | Zhao M M, Yu Z. Effects of lactic acid bacteria and cellulase on napier grass silages. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2015, 23(1): 205-210. |
赵苗苗, 玉柱. 添加乳酸菌及纤维素酶对象草青贮品质的改善效果. 草地学报, 2015, 23(1): 205-210. | |
50 | Li X J. Research on mechanism and modification of protein degradation in alfalfa silage. Beijing: China Agrcultural University, 2018. |
李旭娇. 紫花苜蓿青贮饲料蛋白降解机制与调控研究. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2018. | |
51 | Ding W R, Yang F Y, Guo X S, et al. Effects of lactobacillus and cellulase on fermentation quality of ensiled Lespedeza bicolor. Journal of Northwest A & F University (Natural Science Edition), 2008(4): 8-14. |
丁武蓉, 杨富裕, 郭旭生, 等. 添加乳酸菌和纤维素酶对二色胡枝子青贮品质的影响. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2008(4): 8-14. | |
52 | Fijalkowska M, Pysera B, Lipinski K, et al. Changes of nitrogen compounds during ensiling of high protein herbages-A review. Annals of Animal Science, 2015, 15(2): 289-305. |
53 | Ge J, Yang C J, Liu G H, et al. Effect of additives on quality of mixed silages of Medicago sativa and Avena nuda. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2016, 24(4): 919-922. |
葛剑, 杨翠军, 刘贵河, 等. 添加剂对紫花苜蓿和裸燕麦混合青贮品质的影响. 草地学报, 2016, 24(4): 919-922. | |
54 | Tao L, Zhou H, Guo X S, et al. Contribution of exopeptidases to formation of non-protein nitrogen during ensiling of alfalfa. Journal of Dairy Science, 2011, 94(8): 3928-3935. |
[1] | 郑娟善, 丁考仁青, 李新圃, 梁泽毅, 张剑搏, 杜梅, 丁学智. 瘤胃微生物在木质纤维素价值化利用的研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(9): 182-192. |
[2] | 杨冬梅, 李俊年, 陶双伦. 添加单宁酸对青贮葛藤有氧稳定性和霉菌毒素含量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(8): 164-170. |
[3] | 郭香, 陈德奎, 陈娜, 李云, 陈晓阳, 张庆. 含水量和添加剂对黄梁木叶青贮发酵品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(8): 199-205. |
[4] | 尹祥, 王咏琪, 李鑫琴, 田静, 王晓亚, 张建国. 不同水分吸附材料对象草青贮发酵品质及好氧稳定性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(7): 133-138. |
[5] | 付东青, 贾春英, 连晓春, 张力, 张凡凡, 马春晖. 玉米秸秆与番茄皮渣裹包混贮发酵品质及瘤胃降解特征研究[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(10): 147-158. |
[6] | 周恩光, 王虎成, 尚占环. 甜高粱的饲用价值及其绵羊体外瘤胃发酵产气性能研究[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(5): 43-49. |
[7] | 伏兵哲, 周燕飞, 李雪, 倪彪, 高雪芹. 宁夏引黄灌区羊草水肥耦合效应研究[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(5): 98-108. |
[8] | 董文成, 林语梵, 朱鸿福, 张欢, 张桂杰. 不同品种葡萄渣对苜蓿青贮品质和有氧稳定性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(4): 129-137. |
[9] | 于浩然, 格根图, 王志军, 贾玉山, 连植, 贾鹏飞. 甲酸添加剂及青贮时间对紫花苜蓿青贮品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(3): 89-95. |
[10] | 任昱鑫, 代寒凌, 田新会, 杜文华. 添加剂对甘肃省高寒牧区不同刈割期小黑麦青贮饲料营养品质和青贮品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(3): 197-206. |
[11] | 李艳芬, 程金花, 田川尧, 田雨佳, 卢冬亚, 张建斌. 双乙酸钠对苜蓿青贮品质、营养成分及蛋白分子结构的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(2): 163-171. |
[12] | 宗成, 张健, 邵涛, 董志浩, 李君风, 唐露, 冉启凡, 刘秦华. 添加剂对紫花苜蓿青贮饲料发酵品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(12): 180-187. |
[13] | 姜妍, 薛恩玉, 鹿文成, 崔国文, 李远明, 韩天富, 王绍东. Kunitz型胰蛋白酶抑制剂缺失大豆新品系培育及其饲草价值分析[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(10): 91-98. |
[14] | 毛翠, 刘方圆, 宋恩亮, 王亚芳, 王永军, 战翔, 李原, 成海建, 姜富贵. 不同乳酸菌添加量和发酵时间对全株玉米青贮营养价值及发酵品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(10): 172-181. |
[15] | 琚泽亮, 赵桂琴, 柴继宽, 贾志峰, 梁国玲. 不同燕麦品种在甘肃中部的营养价值及青贮发酵品质综合评价[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(9): 77-86. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||