草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 1-13.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024264
• 研究论文 •
严双1(
), 夏菲2, 魏巍2, 王敬龙2, 吴皓阳1, 冉林灵1, 薛云尹1, 石昊3, 郑晒坤3, 王军强1,2(
), 贺俊东1
收稿日期:2024-07-09
修回日期:2024-09-30
出版日期:2025-06-20
发布日期:2025-04-03
通讯作者:
王军强
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: wangjunq0303@163.com基金资助:
Shuang YAN1(
), Fei XIA2, Wei WEI2, Jing-long WANG2, Hao-yang WU1, Lin-ling RAN1, Yun-yin XUE1, Hao SHI3, Shai-kun ZHENG3, Jun-qiang WANG1,2(
), Jun-dong HE1
Received:2024-07-09
Revised:2024-09-30
Online:2025-06-20
Published:2025-04-03
Contact:
Jun-qiang WANG
摘要:
以未侵蚀为对照,采用样方法在轻度、中度、强烈侵蚀的高寒草甸每隔一条侵蚀沟随机选取1 m×1 m样方进行植物群落调查并分析物种多样性变化及其关键影响因子。研究结果表明:随着侵蚀程度的加深,以青藏薹草为建群种的优质牧草占比逐渐减少并且逐渐演替成为以臭蒿等毒杂草为优势种的群落。高寒草甸地上生物量先减少后增加,植被盖度和物种多样性逐渐降低,相比未侵蚀样地,轻度、中度和强烈侵蚀样地地上生物量分别下降了38%、69%、16%,植被盖度分别下降了20%、46%、65%,Shannon-Wiener指数分别下降了11%、17%、76%。坡度与高寒草甸植物群落物种多样性呈线性负相关(P<0.001)。水力侵蚀导致土壤质地发生变化从而影响植物生长和植物群落多样性,植物群落多样性指数与土壤有机质、颗粒有机碳、pH、土壤砂粒和黏粒含量极显著相关(P<0.01),其中,Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和Margalef指数与土壤pH(P<0.001)均呈极显著负相关;Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数与土壤有机质均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。植物生长指标与土壤容重呈显著相关(P<0.05),其中,地上生物量与土壤总孔隙度(P<0.01)呈极显著正相关,与土壤容重(P<0.001)呈极显著负相关;植被盖度与土壤pH(P<0.01)和土壤砂粒含量(P<0.01)呈极显著负相关,但与土壤有机质(P<0.001)、颗粒有机碳(P<0.01)、土壤粉粒(P<0.01)和黏粒含量(P<0.01)呈极显著正相关。综上所述,随着侵蚀程度加深,高寒草甸植被盖度和植物多样性逐渐降低,群落结构向单一趋势演替,坡度、土壤有机质和pH是影响高寒草甸侵蚀过程中群落结构变化的主要环境因子。
严双, 夏菲, 魏巍, 王敬龙, 吴皓阳, 冉林灵, 薛云尹, 石昊, 郑晒坤, 王军强, 贺俊东. 高寒草甸不同侵蚀样地植物多样性的差异及其关键影响因子[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(6): 1-13.
Shuang YAN, Fei XIA, Wei WEI, Jing-long WANG, Hao-yang WU, Lin-ling RAN, Yun-yin XUE, Hao SHI, Shai-kun ZHENG, Jun-qiang WANG, Jun-dong HE. Differences along an erosion gradient in alpine meadow plant community diversity and factors influencing diversity[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(6): 1-13.
图1 研究区位置和侵蚀区基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站GS(2019)3333号标准地图制作,底图边界无修改。The map was based on the standard map service website of the Ministry of Natural Resources with the drawing review No. GS(2019)3333, and the base map borders was not modified. NE:未侵蚀No erosion;LWE:轻度侵蚀Light water erosion;MWE:中度侵蚀Moderate water erosion;SWE:强烈侵蚀Strong water erosion.
Fig.1 Location of study area and erosion areas
图3 不同侵蚀样地植物地上生物量、盖度和株高的变化不同侵蚀样地间小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。The different lowercase letter means significant differences among different plots (P<0.05). The same below.
Fig.3 Changes in aboveground biomass, coverage, and height of plants at different levels of erosion
图4 不同侵蚀样地物种多样性指数的变化不同侵蚀样地间小写字母相同意为差异不显著(P>0.05)。The same lowercase letter means that the difference among different plots is not significant (P>0.05).
Fig.4 Changes in species diversity index at different levels of erosion
图5 坡度与地上生物量、群落盖度、高度、多样性指数相关性分析
Fig.5 Linear correlation analysis between slope and aboveground biomass, community coverage, plant height, diversity index
图6 植物群落特征、多样性指数和土壤理化指标的相关性分析Index:Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Pielou指数和Margalef指数;Growth:地上生物量、群落盖度和群落高度;B:地上生物量Aboveground biomass; CC:群落盖度Community coverage; CH:群落高度Community height; H:Shannon-Wiener指数; D:Simpson指数; EH:Pielou指数; F:Margalef指数; SOM:土壤有机质Soil organic matter; SWC:土壤含水量Soil water content; BD:土壤容重Soil bulk density; CP:土壤毛管孔隙度Soil capillary porosity; NCP:土壤非毛管孔隙度Soil non-capillary porosity; SP:土壤总孔隙度Soil porosity; POC:颗粒有机碳Particulate organic carbon; Sand:砂粒Silt:粉粒Clay:黏粒;*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001.
Fig. 6 Correlation analysis of plant community characteristics, diversity indices and soil physico-chemical indicators
图7 不同侵蚀样地中植物群落多样性、植物生长指标和土壤理化性质对植被覆盖度的相对贡献预测变量的重要性用随机森林模型100次运行的均方误差增加的百分比来估计。*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001。The importance of predictor variables is estimated using the percentage increase in the mean squared error (MSE, %) from 100 runs of the random forest model. *P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001.
Fig.7 Relative contribution of plant community diversity, plant growth indicators and soil physico-chemicals to vegetation coverage in different erosion sample sites
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