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草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 71-84.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024195

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

粒径配比、施肥量以及播量耦合对矿区煤矸石基质的改良效果

马利利1(), 蒋福祯2, 马玉寿1, 祁凯斌2, 贾顺斌3, 李正鹏2()   

  1. 1.青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海 西宁 810016
    2.青海大学农林科学院,青海 西宁 810016
    3.青海省草原总站,青海 西宁 810016
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-22 修回日期:2024-07-15 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-01-02
  • 通讯作者: 李正鹏
  • 作者简介:E-mail: lipengzheng131@163.com
    马利利(1994-),女,甘肃天水人,在读博士。E-mail: 18997076162@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3201605);青海省自然科学基金青年项目(2023-ZJ-987Q)

Effect of particle size ratio, fertilizer application amount, and seeding rate combinations coal gangue matrix properties in restoration of a mining area

Li-li MA1(), Fu-zhen JIANG2, Yu-shou MA1, Kai-bin QI2, Shun-bin JIA3, Zheng-peng LI2()   

  1. 1.Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China
    2.Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China
    3.Qinghai Province Grassland Station,Xining 810016,China
  • Received:2024-05-22 Revised:2024-07-15 Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-01-02
  • Contact: Zheng-peng LI

摘要:

煤矸石作为采矿活动产生的固体废弃物,物理结构差,所含养分不能被植物直接有效利用。因此,煤矸石的基质改良是矿区生态恢复过程中的首要任务。本试验采用L9(34)正交设计,研究煤矸石<7 mm粒径占比(A)、有机肥施用量(B)、缓释尿素施用量(C)和播量(D)4个因素组合对植被生长和土壤养分的影响,并通过TOPSIS综合分析优选出最佳改良模式。结果表明:不同处理的地上生物量和土壤养分随着试验年限的增加而减少,尤其是土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷以及速效钾含量极显著减少,而全钾含量则显著增加。极差分析结果显示,缓释尿素施用量和播量是影响地上生物量的关键因素,而<7 mm粒径占比和有机肥施用量是影响土壤养分含量的关键因素。结合地上生物量和土壤肥力指标进行TOPSIS综合分析得出,T2(A1B2C2D2)处理(<7 mm粒径占比为0,有机肥施用量为羊板粪30 m3·hm-2 +商品有机肥15 t·hm-2,缓释尿素施用量为60 kg·hm-2,播量为120 kg·hm-2)时综合效果最好。该研究结果可为木里矿区生态修复提供参考依据。

关键词: 煤矸石, 基质改良, 地上生物量, 土壤养分, 综合评价

Abstract:

Coal gangue, a solid waste produced from mining activities, has a poor physical structure, making the nutrients it contains inaccessible to plants. Therefore, improving the matrix properties of coal gangue is crucial in the ecological restoration of mining areas. This study utilized an L9(34) orthogonal design to investigate the combined effects of: (A) coal gangue particle size ratio<7 mm (0%, 25% or 50%), (B) organic fertilizer application amount (15+7.5, 30+15 or 45 m3·ha-1+22.5 t·ha-1 sheep manure+commercial organic fertilizer), (C) slow-release urea application amount (30, 60 or 90 kg·ha-1), and (D) seeding rate (60, 120, or 180 kg·ha-1), on above-ground vegetation and soil nutrients. The optimal improvement model was selected using TOPSIS multivariate analysis. The findings revealed that over time, the above-ground biomass and soil nutrient levels decreased across different treatments. Specifically, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium decreased significantly, while total potassium showed a notable increase. Range analysis indicated that the application rate of slow-release urea and seeding rate were critical for above-ground biomass, whereas the particle size ratio<7 mm and organic fertilizer amount were key factors for soil nutrient content. A comprehensive TOPSIS analysis based on above-ground biomass and soil fertility indicators identified the T2 (A1B2C2D2) treatment as the most effective, comprising 0% of coal gangue with a particle size ratio<7 mm, 30 m3·ha-1 of sheep manure+15 t·ha-1 of commercial organic fertilizer, 60 kg·ha-1 of sustained-release urea, and a seeding rate of 120 kg·ha-1. The results of this study offer valuable insights for ecological restoration in the Muli mining area.

Key words: coal gangue, substrate improvement, above-ground biomass, soil nutrients, comprehensive evaluation