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草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 1-12.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025264

• 研究论文 •    

不同固沙植被恢复模式对土壤理化性质、酶活性和草本植物多样性的影响

马玉龙1,3,4(), 邱开阳1,3,4(), 骆欣怡1,3,4, 张晶晶2, 王雨航1,3,4, 王国会1,3,4, 郑翔1, 海旭莹1, 薛斌5, 谢应忠1,3,4   

  1. 1.宁夏大学林业与草业学院,宁夏 银川 750021
    2.银川市农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏 银川 750011
    3.宁夏草牧业工程技术研究中心,宁夏 银川 750021
    4.农业农村部饲草高效生产模式创新重点实验室,宁夏 银川 750021
    5.宁夏大学生态环境学院,宁夏 银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-26 修回日期:2025-09-09 出版日期:2026-06-20 发布日期:2026-04-13
  • 通讯作者: 邱开阳
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: kaiyangqiu@nxu.edu.cn
    马玉龙(2001-),男,宁夏泾源人,在读硕士。E-mail: myl2869@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏自然科学基金(重点项目)(2023AAC02021);国家自然科学基金项目(32360425);宁夏青年拔尖人才培养项目(宁人社函[2024]236号);宁夏高等学校一流学科建设项目(NXYLXK2017A01)

Effects of different sand-fixing vegetation restoration modes on soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and herbaceous plant diversity

Yu-long MA1,3,4(), Kai-yang QIU1,3,4(), Xin-yi LUO1,3,4, Jing-jing ZHANG2, Yu-hang WANG1,3,4, Guo-hui WANG1,3,4, Xiang ZHENG1, Xu-ying HAI1, Bin XUE5, Ying-zhong XIE1,3,4   

  1. 1.School of Forestry and Grassland Science,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
    2.Yinchuan Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Center,Yinchuan 750011,China
    3.Ningxia Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center,Yinchuan 750021,China
    4.Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yinchuan 750021,China
    5.School of Ecology and Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
  • Received:2025-06-26 Revised:2025-09-09 Online:2026-06-20 Published:2026-04-13
  • Contact: Kai-yang QIU

摘要:

为探究不同固沙植被恢复模式对土壤理化性质、酶活性和草本植物多样性的影响,以流动沙地为对照(CK),选取沙鞭(SB)、拧条锦鸡儿(N)、细枝羊柴(H)及拧条锦鸡儿×细枝羊柴混交(NH)4种典型固沙模式进行分析。结果表明:1)相较于流动沙地,灌木固沙模式(N,H,NH)提高了土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)和有效磷(AP)含量。AP含量表现为N>H>SB>NH>CK,拧条锦鸡儿(N)样地的AP含量(8.73 mg·kg-1)较CK显著提高了45.5%;TN含量表现为H>N>NH>SB>CK,细枝羊柴(H)样地的TN含量(0.20 g·kg-1)较CK显著提高了263%;而SOC含量(1.51 g·kg-1)和碳氮比(C/N,25.13)均在混交(NH)样地达到最大值,较CK分别提高了55.5%和42.8%。2)土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶和碱性磷酸酶活性均在拧条锦鸡儿(N)样地最高,较CK分别显著提高了73.7%和1315.1%;而β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性排序为SB>NH>CK>H>N,其中沙鞭(SB)样地该酶活性显著最高;β-葡萄糖苷酶与pH、TN及氮磷比(N/P)显著相关,β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶与pH显著正相关。3)沙鞭(SB)样地的草本Pielou均匀度指数显著低于灌木固沙样地。草本Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数与β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶显著负相关,且该酶(R2=0.66,P=0.003)和碳磷比(R2=0.41,P=0.01)是影响草本植物多样性的关键因子。综上,不同固沙植被恢复模式通过调控碳磷比和β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性影响草本植物多样性,混交模式和拧条锦鸡儿分别对碳氮平衡和活化磷素具有重要作用,研究结果可为固沙植被优化配置与可持续治沙提供科学依据。

关键词: 物种多样性, 土壤性质, 土壤酶, 沙地生态修复

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different types of sand-fixing vegetation restoration on soil physico-chemical properties, soil enzyme activities, and herbaceous plant diversity. The control was bare mobile sand dunes (CK) and the four types of sand-fixing vegetation were Psammochloa villosa (SB), Caragana korshinskii (N), Corethrodendron scoparium (H), and a mixture of C. korshinskii and C. scoparium (NH). The results show that: 1) Compared with mobile sand dunes, the shrub sand-fixing modes (N, H, NH) increased the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and available phosphorus (AP). The treatments were ranked, from highest AP content in soil to lowest, as follows: N>H>SB>NH>CK, with the AP content in C. korshinskii (N) plots (8.73 mg·kg?1) being 45.5% higher than that in CK. The five treatments were ranked, from highest TN content in soil to lowest, as follows: H>N>NH>SB>CK, with the TN content in C. scoparium (H) plots (0.20 g·kg?1) being 263% higher than that in CK. Meanwhile, the highest values of SOC content (1.51 g·kg?1) and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N,25.13) were in the mixed (NH) plots, and were 55.5% and 42.8% higher than their corresponding values in CK. 2) The highest activities of soil β-glucosidase and alkaline phosphatase were in the C. korshinskii (N) plots, and they were significantly higher (by 73.7% and 1315.1%, respectively) than their corresponding values in CK. The treatments were ranked, from highest activity of β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase in soil to lowest, as follows: SB>NH>CK>H>N, with the highest activity in the P. villosa (SB) plots. The soil β-glucosidase activity was significantly correlated with pH, TN, and nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio (N/P), while β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity was significantly positively correlated with soil pH. 3) The Pielou evenness index of vegetation was significantly lower in the P. villosa (SB) plots than in the shrub sand-fixing plots. The Simpson’s dominance index and Pielou evenness index of vegetation were significantly negatively correlated with soil β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity. Moreover, this enzyme (R2=0.66, P=0.003) and the carbon-to-phosphorus ratio (R2=0.41, P=0.01) were identified as key factors affecting herbaceous plant diversity. In summary, different types of sand-fixing vegetation affected the diversity of herbaceous plants by regulating the carbon-to-phosphorus ratio and β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity in soil. Among the different vegetation modes, the mixed mode and C. korshinskii played important roles in maintaining the carbon-nitrogen balance and improving the content of available phosphorus, respectively. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for optimizing sand-fixing vegetation and for promoting the sustainability of desertification control projects.

Key words: species diversity, soil properties, soil enzymes, ecological restoration of sandy lands