Effects of tillage method and straw mulching on grain yield and protein content in wheat and soil nitrate residue under a winter wheat and summer soybean crop rotation in drylands

doi:10.11686/cyxb2017439

Abstract

Abstract: Based on a long-term field experiment to compare different cropping patterns, conducted in western Henan province, the effects of tillage method and straw mulching on wheat productivity and soil nitrate residue in drylands under a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) and summer soybean (Glycine max) rotation were investigated from October 2014 to June 2016. The experiment included four treatments: plough tillage (PT); plough tillage with straw mulching (PTSM); rotary tillage (RT); and rotary tillage with straw mulching (RTSM). The plant nitrogen (N) absorption and utilization, grain yield, grain protein content in wheat and the nitrate residue in the 0-200 cm soil depth were measured. Compared with PT, RT did not change grain yield, but decreased post-anthesis N accumulation, grain protein content and protein yield in wheat by 60.0%, 8.6% and 13.0%, respectively, and increased nitrate residue in 0-200 cm soil depth by 28.6%. Compared with no mulching, straw mulching with the same tillage method increased not only the spike numbers, kernels per spike, 1000-kernel weight and harvest index, but also the pre-jointing and post-anthesis N accumulation and N translocation from vegetative organs to the grain in wheat. As a result, the grain yield, N uptake efficiency, grain protein content and protein yield under PTSM were 11.5%, 13.5%, 7.4% and 21.3% higher than that under PT, and the corresponding values for RTSM were, respectively, 23.0%, 39.5%, 12.8% and 38.5% higher than that under RT. At wheat maturity after seven years of continuous cropping, PTSM decreased the nitrate residue in the 0-200 cm soil depth by 31.3% compared with PT, whereas RTSM decreased the nitrate residue by 51.4% compared with RT. Therefore, straw mulching is an alternative cropping technique because it can not only increase the N uptake efficiency, grain yield, grain protein content and protein yield in wheat, but also decrease soil nitrate residue under winter wheat and summer soybean rotation in drylands, especially for the RTSM treatment.

Key words: tillage, straw mulching, dryland, grain yield, protein, nitrate residue

HUANG Ming, WU Jin-zhi, LI You-jun, WANG He-zheng, FU Guo-zhan, CHEN Ming-can, LI Xue-lai, MA Jun-li. Effects of tillage method and straw mulching on grain yield and protein content in wheat and soil nitrate residue under a winter wheat and summer soybean crop rotation in drylands[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(9): 34-44.

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