Abstract: Fluorescent protein labeling is an important method for research in the fields of medicine, genetic breeding, and grassland vegetation resistance. The selection of, and methods for using, fluorescent protein molecular markers are related to their specific DNA-binding properties. Gene structure affects fluorescent protein labeling, gene communication, and gene expression. Fluorescent protein labeling technology involves two types of transformation; heat shock and electric shock transformation. In both methods, Escherichia coli is used as a carrier of the gene construct encoding the fluorescent protein label. Monitoring of fluorescent protein labels is the main method used for macromolecular tracer detection and for observing colonization. Studies involving fluorescent protein labeling have been used for monitoring the colonization of pathogens and rhizosphere bacteria and for optimizing the use of excellent strains. However, it is difficult to study fluorescent protein labeling because the interactions occur at the molecular level. In this paper, we review fluorescent protein labeling in terms of its principles, the applicability of various markers, and different methods of using markers based on published literature. Various fluorescent protein labeling methods are also discussed. This review provides a reference for further studies on fluorescent protein labeling in China.

Key words: fluorescent protein, molecular marker, marking method, applicability, prospect