Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) and moisture on feed quality and tannin content of Moringa oleifera leaf silage

doi:10.11686/cyxb2018339

Abstract

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the effect of moisture and Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) on the quality and tannin content of Moringa oleifera leaf silage. The design was a completely randomized, two-factor (60%, 70%, or 75% moisture×+/- LP, 1×10⁶ cfu·g^-1 fresh matter. After 60 and 120 days ensiling, samples were collected to determine fermentation quality, protein composition and tannin content. The M. oleifera leaves at ensiling had a crude protein (CP) content of 16.72% of dry matter (DM), and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content of 10.72% DM. The moisture content had a significant effect on the quality of M. oleifera leaf silage. Compared with the 60% water group, the content of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH₃-N) and free amino acid (FAA) in the 70% water content group was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the contents of lactic acid (LA), acetic acid (AA) and propionic acid (PA) were significantly increased (P<0.05). At 70% water content, adding L. plantarum resulted in significantly increased (P<0.05) the content of organic acids (LA, AA, PA), while the numbers of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts were significantly decreased (P<0.05). After 60 d at 75% moisture content, the addition of L. plantarum had reduced the pH value significantly (P<0.05), and all treated coliform counts were less than 2.0 log cfu·g^-1 fresh matter. None of the various combinations of LP and moisture treatment produced any statistically significant change to the tannin content of M. oleifera leaf silage (P>0.05). The protein content of M. oleifera leaves is high, and they are easy to ensile. The 70% water content and the addition of LP obviously improve the quality of M. oleifera leaf silage, but do not have any significant effect on degradation of the tannin content.

Key words: Moringa oleifera leaves silage, moisture, lactic acid bacteria, tannin

WANG Cheng, WANG Yi, ZHOU Wei, PIAN Rui-qi, ZHANG Qing, CHEN Xiao-yang. Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) and moisture on feed quality and tannin content of Moringa oleifera leaf silage[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(6): 109-118.

References

[1] Xu M, Zhao S J, Song H, et al. Research progress of Moringa oleifera. Food Science, 2016, 37(23): 291-301.
许敏, 赵三军, 宋晖, 等. 辣木的研究进展. 食品科学, 2016, 37(23): 291-301.
[2] Liu Z J, Sun J H, Liu Z H, et al. The application value and development prospect of characteristic plant Moringa oleifera. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2014, 35(9): 1871-1878.
刘子记, 孙继华, 刘昭华, 等. 特色植物辣木的应用价值及发展前景分析. 热带作物学报, 2014, 35(9): 1871-1878.
[3] Teixeira E M, Carvalho M R, Neves V A, et al. Chemical characteristics and fractionation of proteins from Moringa oleifera leaves. Food Chemistry, 2014, 147(4): 51-54.
[4] Wu D, Cai Z H, Wei Y X, et al. The research progress of Moringa oleifera as a new plant protein feed. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2013, 25(3): 503-511.
吴頔, 蔡志华, 魏烨昕, 等. 辣木作为新型植物性蛋白质饲料的研究进展. 动物营养学报, 2013, 25(3): 503-511.
[5] Asaolu V, Binuomote R, Akinlade J, et al. Intake and growth performance of west african dwarf goats fed Moringa oleifera, gliricidia sepium and leucaena leucocephala dried leaves as supplements to cassava peels. Journal of Biology Agriculture & Healthcare, 2012, 2(9): 45-53.
[6] Babeker E A, Bdalbagi Y M A. Effect of feeding different levels of Moringa oleifera leaves on performance, haematological, biochemical and some physiological parameters of Sudan Nubian goats. Online Journal of Animal & Feed Research, 2015, 5(2): 50-61.
[7] Sultana N, Alimon A R, Huque K S, et al. The feeding value of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) foliage as replacement to conventional concentrate diet in Bengal goats. Advances in Animal & Veterinary Sciences, 2015, 3(3): 164-173.
[8] Adegun M, Aye P.Evaluation of Moringa oleifera, Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala-based multinutrient blocks as feed supplements for sheep in South Western Nigeria. Agriculture & Biology Journal of North America, 2011, 2(11): 1395-1401.
[9] Mendieta-Araica B, Spörndly R, Reyes-Sánchez N, et al. Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf meal as a source of protein in locally produced concentrates for dairy cows fed low protein diets in tropical areas. Livestock Science, 2011, 137(1/3): 10-17.
[10] Sarwatt S V, Milang'Ha M S, Lekule F P, et al. Moringa oleifera and cottonseed cake as supplements for smallholder dairy cows fed Napier grass. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 2004, 16(6): 13-20.
[11] Zhang J G, Feng F, Zhuang Q, et al. Silage treatment of degradation of mimosin and tannin in Leucaena//Procedural Symposium of Youth Working Committee of China Grass Society (Volume One). Shanghai: 2010.
张建国, 冯帆, 庄骐, 等. 青贮处理降解银合欢中含羞草素和单宁的研究//中国草学会青年工作委员会学术研讨会论文集(上册). 上海: 2010.
[12] Zhong S, Zhang X N, Yang Y G, et al. Effects of lactic acid bacteria and cellulase on the quality of alfalfa silage with different water contents. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2017, 29(5): 1821-1830.
钟书, 张晓娜, 杨云贵, 等. 乳酸菌和纤维素酶对不同含水量紫花苜蓿青贮品质的影响. 动物营养学报, 2017, 29(5): 1821-1830.
[13] Wan L Q, Li X L, Zhang X P, et al. Effects of concentration of water and additive components on silage effect in alfalfa. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2007, 16(2): 40-45.
万里强, 李向林, 张新平, 等. 苜蓿含水量与添加剂组分浓度对青贮效果的影响研究. 草业学报, 2007, 16(2): 40-45.
[14] Wang P, Bai C S, Liu L, et al. Effects of mixed lactic acid bacteria preparations on fermentation quality of phragmites australis under low temperature conditions. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2011, 19(1): 127-131.
王鹏, 白春生, 刘林, 等. 低温条件下混合乳酸菌制剂对芦苇发酵品质的影响. 草地学报, 2011, 19(1): 127-131.
[15] Zhang L Y.Feed analysis and quality detection technology. Third edition. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press, 2007: 49-75.
张丽英. 饲料分析及质量检测技术(第3版). 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2007: 49-75.
[16] Licitra G, Hernandez T M, Soest P J V. Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fraction on ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science & Technology, 1996, 57(4): 347-358.
[17] Bolsen K K, Lin C, Brent B E, et al. Effect of silage additives on the microbial succession and fermentation process of alfalfa and corn silage. Journal of Dairy Science, 1992, 75(11): 3066-3083.
[18] Cui X.Effects of adding formic acid and mixed silage on the fermentation characteristics and nutritional quality of alfalfa. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2015.
崔鑫. 添加甲酸及混合青贮对紫花苜蓿发酵特性和营养品质的影响. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2015.
[19] Guo L H, Yang S K.Study on preparation of gallic acid from immobilized aspergillus niger tanase. Chinese Journal of Biotechnology, 2000, 16(5): 614-617.
郭鲁宏, 杨顺楷. 利用固定化黑曲霉单宁酶制备没食子酸的研究. 生物工程学报, 2000, 16(5): 614-617.
[20] Shu S M, Yang C H, Tang Z S, et al. Effect of adding green juice fermented broth on the quality of hemorrhoids silage with different water content. Grass Feeding Livestock, 2011, (4): 41-43.
舒思敏, 杨春华, 唐智松, 等. 添加绿汁发酵液对不同含水量扁穗牛鞭草青贮料品质的影响. 草食家畜, 2011, (4): 41-43.
[21] Xu Q F, Yu Z, Han J G, et al. Determination of organic acids in alfalfa silage by high performance liquid chromatography. Grassland and Turf, 2007, (2): 63-65.
许庆方, 玉柱, 韩建国, 等. 高效液相色谱法测定紫花苜蓿青贮中的有机酸. 草原与草坪, 2007, (2): 63-65.
[22] Zhang Q, Wang X G, Yu Z.Effects of lactobacillus additives and water content on silage of alfalfa. Chinese Cows, 2015, (18): 37-40.
张庆, 王显国, 玉柱. 乳酸菌添加剂和含水量对紫花苜蓿青贮的影响. 中国奶牛, 2015, (18): 37-40.
[23] Makkar H P S, Becker K. Vanillin-HCl method for condensed tannins: Effect of organic solvents used for extraction of tannins. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1993, 19(4): 613-621.
[24] Liu C F, Li G H.The nutritional value of Moringa. Tropical Agricultural Science and Technology, 2004, 27(1): 4-8.
刘昌芬, 李国华. 辣木的营养价值. 热带农业科技, 2004, 27(1): 4-8.
[25] Li M, Zi X J, Zhou H L, et al. Evaluation of forage value of sometropical shrubs in hainan province. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2012, (1): 85-94.
李茂, 字学娟, 周汉林, 等. 海南省部分热带灌木饲用价值评定. 动物营养学报, 2012, (1): 85-94.
[26] Zhang Q.Screening and action mechanism of lactic acid bacteria for forage silage. Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2016.
张庆. 饲草青贮用乳酸菌的筛选及作用机理. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2016.
[27] Rooke J A, Armstrong D G.The importance of the form of nitrogen on microbial protein synthesis in the rumen of cattle receiving grass silage and continuous intrarumen infusions of sucrose. British Journal of Nutrition, 1989, 61(1): 113-121.
[28] Zhang X G, Han W X.Alfalfa semi-dry silage technology. Animals Breeding and Feed, 2010, (8): 78-80.
张学功, 韩文祥. 紫花苜蓿半干青贮技术. 养殖与饲料, 2010, (8): 78-80.
[29] Wan L Q, Li X L, He F.Effect of lactic acid bacteria and cellulase on quality of alfalfa silage. Pratacultural Science, 2011, 28(7): 1379-1383.
万里强, 李向林, 何峰. 添加乳酸菌和纤维素酶对苜蓿青贮品质的影响. 草业科学, 2011, 28(7): 1379-1383.
[30] Zhang D Y, Li Z Q, Liu C L.Research progress on the factors affecting silage quality. Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology, 2007, 28(1): 109-112.
张德玉, 李忠秋, 刘春龙. 影响青贮饲料品质因素的研究进展. 家畜生态学报, 2007, 28(1): 109-112.
[31] Liu T, Wang T F, Luo K, et al. Advances in research on alfalfa silage additives. Feed Research, 2016, (19): 12-14.
刘婷, 王腾飞, 罗宽, 等. 苜蓿青贮添加剂研究进展. 饲料研究, 2016, (19): 12-14.
[32] Li G Y, Chen J H, Zhang L J.Application of additives in alfalfa silage. Feed Research, 2014, (7): 14-16.
李光耀, 陈建华, 张力君. 添加剂在苜蓿青贮中的应用进展. 饲料研究, 2014, (7): 14-16.
[33] Wohlt J E.Use of a Silage inoculant to improve feeding stability and intake of a corn silage-grain diet1. Journal of Dairy Science, 1989, 72(2): 545-551.
[34] Guillén-Román C J, Guevara-González R G, Rocha-Guzmán N E, et al. Effect of nitrogen privation on the phenolics contents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities in Moringa oleifera leaves. Industrial Crops & Products, 2018, 114: 45-51.
[35] Ratshilivha N, Awouafack M D, Toit E S D, et al. The variation in antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of acetone leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera, (Moringaceae) trees enables the selection of trees with additional uses. South African Journal of Botany, 2014, 92(1): 59-64.
[36] Yu Z, Bai C S, Sun Q Z, et al. Effects of different additives on the quality of fructus lyciimillet. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2008, 10(4): 76-81.
玉柱, 白春生, 孙启忠, 等. 不同添加剂对五芒雀麦青贮品质的影响. 中国农业科技导报, 2008, 10(4): 76-81.
[37] Tian R X, An Y, Wang G W, et al. The changes of pH value and nutrient substances in the process of alfalfa silage. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2005, 14(3): 82-86.
田瑞霞, 安渊, 王光文, 等. 紫花苜蓿青贮过程中pH值和营养物质变化规律. 草业学报, 2005, 14(3): 82-86.
[38] Hathway D E.CHAPTER 5-The condensed tannins. Wood Extractives & Their Significance to the Pulp & Paper Industries, 1962, 20(6): 191-228.
[39] Huo Z H, Fang R J.Mechanism of anti-nutritional action of tannin on ruminants and its elimination measures. Chinese Feed, 2007, 20: 20-23.
霍振华, 方热军. 单宁对反刍动物的抗营养作用机理及其消除措施. 中国饲料, 2007, 20: 20-23.
[40] Shi B, Di Y.Plant polyphenols. Beijing: Science Press, 2000.
石碧, 狄莹. 植物多酚. 北京: 科学出版社, 2000.
[41] Sun D W.Plant tannin chemistry. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, 1992.
孙达旺. 植物单宁化学. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 1992.
[42] Jana A, Halder S K, Banerjee A, et al. Biosynthesis, structural architecture and biotechnological potential of bacterial tannase: a molecular advancement. Bioresource Technology, 2014, 157: 327-340.
[43] Liu R S, Xie D P, Wang G S, et al. Study on the immobilization and properties of tannins. Journal of Hunan Agricultural University (Natural Sciences), 2000, 26(5): 386-388.
刘如石, 谢达平, 王革生, 等. 单宁酶的固定化及其性质的研究. 湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2000, 26(5): 386-388.