Photochemical activity in flag leaves of winter wheat when following maize, peanut, or a maize-peanut intercrop in a crop rotation

doi:10.11686/cyxb2018813

Abstract

Abstract: The aim of this research was to verify that photosynthetic activity of flag leaves and yield, in winter wheat, is enhanced when following a maize-peanut intercrop in a crop rotation. Winter wheat was sown into plots in a field experiment which had previously grown a maize-peanut intercrop (ICR), maize (MCR) or peanut (PCR), either without, or with phosphate fertilizer at 180 kg P₂O₅·ha^-1 (P₀ or P₁, respectively). Data gathered included: soil moisture content before wheat sowing, wheat flag leaf gas exchange parameters, and characteristics of photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ), photosystem Ⅰ (PSⅠ) and their interrelationships. Compared with MCR, ICR significantly (P<0.05) increased soil moisture content at wheat sowing, the net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), transpiration rate (T_r), the performances of electron donor (W_k) and acceptor (V_j) sites of the electron transport chain in the PSⅡ reaction center in flag leaves of winter wheat; and enhanced the absorbed energy flux (ABS/CS_o), trapped energy flux (TR_o/CS_o), electron transport flux (ET_o/CS_o) per cross section (CS) in flag leaves of winter wheat. Compared to MCR, ICR significantly improved the maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry (φ_po), energy conversion efficiency (Ψ_o), electron transfer efficiency (δ_Ro), PSⅠ performance (ΔI/I_o), coordination between PSⅡ and PSⅠ (Φ_PSⅠ/PSⅡ) in flag leaves, and the yield of winter wheat; and increased the φ_po and δ_Ro at the milk-stage of grain development, as compared to PCR. Supplying phosphate fertilizer increased the P_n, ABS/CS_o, TR_o/CS_o, ET_o/CS_o, φ_po, Ψ_o, δ_Ro, ΔI/I_o and Φ_PSⅠ/PSⅡ in flag leaves of winter wheat. The data indicate that intercropping peanut with maize in a crop rotation benefited the following crop in the rotation. In this experiment, following a maize-peanut intercrop, the activity of light reaction centers in flag leaves of winter wheat were enhanced, so the net photosynthetic rate was increased. Conservation of soil moisture during the maize-peanut intercrop phase of the rotation appears to be an important contributing factor in these results.

Key words: maize intercropping peanut crops for rotation, soil moisture content, winter wheat, photochemical activity, photosystem

WANG Fei, YIN Fei, LONG Hao-qiang, LI Xue, WU Yan-yan, JIAO Nian-yuan, MA Chao, FU Guo-zhan. Photochemical activity in flag leaves of winter wheat when following maize, peanut, or a maize-peanut intercrop in a crop rotation[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(7): 123-131.

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