Study on soil physical and chemical properties and carbon and nitrogen sequestration of grassland under different utilization modes

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020278

Abstract

Abstract:

This research investigated the effects of natural grassland and artificial grassland degradation on soil physical and chemical properties， in particular the change in carbon and nitrogen contents and carbon sequestration. Representative areas of natural grassland， grazed artificial grassland and mown artificial grassland in Ar Horqin Banner， Inner Mongolia， were selected for study. Parameters measured in the study area were soil moisture content， soil bulk density， soil microbial content and soil nutrient levels. Growth status of the study sites was also evaluated using the NDVI value and in general the ranking for growth status under the different utilization modes was： mown artificial grassland>grazed artificial grassland>natural grassland. Soil water content in the 0-20 cm depth ranked： grazed artificial grassland>mown artificial grassland>natural grassland， and the differences were significant （P<0.05）. The total carbon and total nitrogen contents in the grazed artificial grassland were the highest. The total carbon contents in the grazed artificial grassland and natural grassland for the 10-30 cm soil depth were significantly higher than that of the mown artificial grassland （P<0.05）. The total soil nitrogen content of the grazed artificial grassland for the 0-10 cm soil depth was （0.88±0.11） g·kg^-1， which was significantly higher than those of the natural grassland and the mown artificial grassland （P<0.05）. The soil microorganism carbon and nitrogen content in the three grassland types ranked： grazed artificial grassland>mown artificial grassland>natural grassland. The soil microorganism nitrogen content of the grazed artificial grassland for the 0-10 cm depth was （28.45±8.30） mg·kg^-1， which was significantly higher than values in the natural grassland and mown artificial grassland （P<0.05）. Soil carbon and nitrogen storage for the three categories of grassland ranked： natural grassland>grazed artificial grassland>mown artificial grassland， and soil carbon and nitrogen storage of natural grassland and grazed artificial grassland for the 10-30 cm depth were significantly higher than that of mown artificial grassland （P<0.05）. The performance characteristic of grazed artificial grassland was soil carbon and nitrogen accumulation， while that of mown artificial grassland was carbon and nitrogen loss. In addition， with increase in soil depth， the carbon and nitrogen storage of natural grassland and mown artificial grassland show a decreasing trend. Thus it can be seen that the establishment of artificial grassland and human intervention such as seeding and irrigation will effectively improve soil quality and grassland growth status， but to a certain extent there may be a negative effect on soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration potential.

Key words: utilization mode, grassland soil physical and chemical properties, carbon and nitrogen sequestration capacity, Ar Horqin Banner

Chao ZHANG, Rui-rui YAN, Qing-wei LIANG, Ri-su NA, Tong LI, Xiu-fang YANG, Yu-hai BAO, Xiao-ping XIN. Study on soil physical and chemical properties and carbon and nitrogen sequestration of grassland under different utilization modes[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(4): 90-98.

Figures/Tables 4

References 34

1	Huang Y， Sun W J， Zhang W， et al. Research and prospect of grassland carbon budget in China. Quaternary Sciences， 2010， 30（3）： 456-465.
	黄耀，孙文娟，张稳，等. 中国草地碳收支研究与展望. 第四纪研究， 2010， 30（3）： 456-465.
2	Zhang Z. Simulation on Hulunber meadow steppe ecosystem carbon cycle dynamic and future climate scenario analysis. Beijing： Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， 2016.
	张钊. 呼伦贝尔草甸草原生态系统碳循环动态模拟与未来情景分析. 北京：中国农业科学院， 2016.
3	Gruber N， Keeling C D. An improved estimate of the isotopic air-sea disequilibrium of CO₂： Implications for the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO₂. Geophysical Research Letters， 2001， 28（3）： 555-558.
4	Gao Y Z， Han X G， Wang S P. The effects of grazing on grassland soils. Acta Ecologica Sinica， 2004（4）： 134-141.
	高英志，韩兴国，汪诗平. 放牧对草原土壤的影响. 生态学报， 2004（4）： 134-141.
5	Shan G L， Xu Z， Ning F， et al. Influence of exclosure year on community structure and species diversity on a typical steppe. Acta Prataculturae Sinica， 2008， 17（6）： 1-8.
	单贵莲，徐柱，宁发，等. 围封年限对典型草原群落结构及物种多样性的影响. 草业学报， 2008， 17（6）： 1-8.
6	Li Q， Song Y T， Zhou D W， et al. Effects of fencing and grazing on soil carbon， nitrogen， phosphorus storage in degraded alkali-saline grassland. Pratacultural Science， 2014， 31（10）： 1811-1819.
	李强，宋彦涛，周道玮，等. 围封和放牧对退化盐碱草地土壤碳、氮、磷储量的影响. 草业科学， 2014， 31（10）： 1811-1819.
7	Li L J， Zhu X P， Jia H T， et al. Effect of long-term fencing and grazing exclusion on the grassland soil organic and microbial carbons of middle Tianshan Mountain. Journal of Agro-Environment Science， 2012， 31（8）： 1554-1559.
	李丽君，朱新萍，贾宏涛，等. 长期围栏封育对天山中部草地土壤有机碳及微生物量碳的影响. 农业环境科学学报， 2012， 31（8）： 1554-1559.
8	Xie Y， Wittig R. The impact of grazing intensity on soil characteristics of Stipa grandis and Stipa bungeana steppe in Northern China （autonomous region of Ningxia）. Acta Oecologica， 2004， 25（3）： 197-204.
9	Fu B， Chen L， Ma K， et al. The relationships between land use and soil conditions in the hilly area of the loess plateau in Northern Shaanxi， China. Catena， 2000， 39（1）： 69-78.
10	Su Y Z， Zhao H L. Effects of different land use and management methods on soil quality in Horqin sandy land. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology， 2003（10）： 1681-1686.
	苏永中，赵哈林. 科尔沁沙地不同土地利用和管理方式对土壤质量性状的影响. 应用生态学报， 2003（10）： 1681-1686.
11	Sun J， Liu M， Li L J， et al. The effect of different fertilization treatments on soil physical and chemical property. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica， 2010（4）： 225-229.
	孙建，刘苗，李立军，等. 不同施肥处理对土壤理化性质的影响. 华北农学报， 2010（4）： 225-229.
12	Du W. Effects of different treatments on vegetation and soil in degraded meadows grassland. Hohhot： Inner Mongolia Agricultural University， 2019.
	杜伟. 不同处理措施对退化草甸草原植被和土壤的影响. 呼和浩特：内蒙古大学， 2019.
13	Zhang Y N， Niu J M， Zhang Q， et al. A discussion on applications of vegetation index for estimating aboveground biomass of typical steppe. Acta Prataculturae Sinica， 2012， 21（1）： 229-238.
	张艳楠，牛建明，张庆，等. 植被指数在典型草原生物量遥感估测：应用中的问题探讨. 草业学报， 2012， 21（1）： 229-238.
14	Zhang K， Guo N， Wang R Y， et al. Hyperspectral remote sensing estimation models for aboveground fresh biomass in Gannan grassland. Pratacultural Science， 2009， 26（11）： 44-50.
	张凯，郭铌，王润元，等. 甘南草地地上生物量的高光谱遥感估算研究. 草业科学， 2009， 26（11）： 44-50.
15	Ren H J. Application of remotely sensed images on alfalfa grassland discrimination and yield estimation. Hohhot： Inner Mongolia Agricultural University， 2016.
	任海娟. 苜蓿人工草地遥感信息提取与估产研究. 呼和浩特：内蒙古农业大学， 2016.
16	Detling J K. Grazing history， defoliation， and competition： Effects on shortgrass production and nitrogen accumulation. Ecology， 1988， 69（5）： 1599-1608.
17	Derner J D， Boutton T W， Briske D D. Grazing and ecosystem carbon storage in the North American great plains. Plant and Soil， 2006， 280（1/2）： 77-90.
18	Schuman G E， Reeder J D， Manley W A. Impact of grazing management on the carbon and nitrogen balance of a mixed-grass rangeland. Ecological Applications， 1999， 9（1）： 65.
19	West T O， Post W M. Soil organic carbon sequestration rates by tillage and crop rotation. Soil Science Society of America Journal， 2002， 66（6）： 1930.
20	Fornara D A， Tilman D. Plant functional composition influences rates of soil carbon and nitrogen accumulation. Journal of Ecology， 2008， 96（2）： 314-322.
21	Su Y Z， Liu W J， Yang R， et al. Carbon sequestration effect following retirement of degraded croplands into alfalfa forage land in the middle of Hexi Corridor region， Northwest China. Acta Ecologica Sinica， 2009， 29（12）： 6385-6391.
	苏永中，刘文杰，杨荣，等. 河西走廊中段绿洲退化土地退耕种植苜蓿的固碳效应. 生态学报， 2009， 29（12）： 6385-6391.
22	Yang Y. The spatial distribution of soil organic carbon in small watershed of hilly region of Loess Plateau. Xianyang： Northwest A & F University， 2012.
	杨洋. 黄土丘陵区小流域土壤有机碳空间分布. 咸阳：西北农林科技大学， 2012.
23	Wu Q. Effects of different land use on soil nitrogen-fixing bacteria and ammonia oxidizer diversities in the Horqin meadow grassland. Shenyang： Northeastern University， 2012.
	吴琼. 科尔沁草甸草地不同利用方式对土壤固氮菌和氨氧化菌多样性的影响. 沈阳：东北大学， 2012.
24	Maowei L， Jiquan C， Gornish E S， et al. Grazing effect on grasslands escalated by abnormal precipitations in Inner Mongolia. Ecology and Evolution， 2018， 8（16）： 8187-8196.
25	Sa Q R L. Analysis of temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of grassland degradation Arhorqin Banner， Inner Mongolia. Hohhot： Inner Mongolia Normal University， 2017.
	萨其日拉. 内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗草地退化时空分布特征分析. 呼和浩特：内蒙古师范大学， 2017.
26	Bao Y T G T. The study on dynamics succession of community in degraded steppe of Leymus chinensis after different improvement measures. Hohhot： Inner Mongolia University， 2009.
	宝音陶格涛. 不同改良措施下退化羊草（Leymus chinensis）草原群落恢复演替规律研究. 呼和浩特：内蒙古大学， 2009.
27	Niu B， Zhang L F， Ma R R， et al. Study of microbial biomass and enzymatic activity on the alpine meadow. Acta Scientiarum Naturallum （Universitatis Nakaiensis）. 2016， 49（4）： 53-60.
	牛犇，张立峰，马荣荣，等. 高寒草甸土壤微生物量及酶活性的研究. 南开大学学报（自然科学版）， 2016， 49（4）： 53-60.
28	Xu Z T， Xu H， Xu S. Study of determing total phosphorous in soil samples digested by microwave digestion system. Environmental Monitoring of China， 2004（3）： 30-32.
	徐正褆，徐慧，徐舒. 底质样品微波消解总磷测定研究. 中国环境监测， 2004（3）： 30-32.
29	Gao C P， Li Y， Liu M Y， et al. Study on the determination of soil carbon and nitrogen by vario MACRO cube elemental analyzer. Journal of Northern Agriculture， 2017， 45（1）： 76-79.
	高翠萍，李岩，刘美英，等. Vario MACRO cube元素分析仪测定土壤碳氮方法研究. 北方农业学报， 2017， 45（1）： 76-79.
30	Wang W X， Zhou J B， Yan D Y， et al. Contents of soil microbial biomass C， N and K₂SO₄-extractable organic C， N and their relations in different soil types on Loess Plateau of China. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation， 2006， 20（6）： 103-106， 132.
	汪文霞，周建斌，严德翼，等. 黄土区不同类型土壤微生物量碳、氮和可溶性有机碳、氮的含量及其关系. 水土保持学报， 2006， 20（6）： 103-106， 132.
31	Jia Q M， Chen Y Y， Yang Y， et al. Effect of different artificial grassland on soil physicochemical properties and microbial quantities of abandoned land in arid area. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation， 2014， 28（1）： 178-182， 220.
	贾倩民，陈彦云，杨阳，等. 不同人工草地对干旱区弃耕地土壤理化性质及微生物数量的影响. 水土保持学报， 2014， 28（1）： 178-182， 220.
32	Yao B H， Wang C， Guo H L， et al. Effects of artificial supplementary sowing on soil physical and chemical characteristics and microorganism quantity in Gannan grassland. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation， 2019， 33（1）： 194-201.
	姚宝辉，王缠，郭怀亮，等. 人工草地建设对甘南草原土壤理化特性和微生物数量特征的影响. 水土保持学报， 2019， 33（1）： 194-201.
33	Zhang F Y. Dynamic changes of SMBC and SMBN under conservation tillage in irrigation districts of Heihe irrigation district. Research of Agricultural Modernization， 2013， 34（5）： 631-635.
	张凤云. 黑河流域灌区保护性耕作农田土壤微生物生物量碳、氮的动态变化. 农业现代化研究， 2013， 34（5）： 631-635.
34	Yan R R， Xin X P， Wang X， et al. The change of soil carbon and nitrogen under different grazing gradients in Hulunber Meadow Steppe. Acta Ecologica Sinica， 2014， 34（6）： 1587-1595.
	闫瑞瑞，辛晓平，王旭，等. 不同放牧梯度下呼伦贝尔草甸草原土壤碳氮变化及固碳效应. 生态学报， 2014， 34（6）： 1587-1595.

土层Soil layer （cm）	样地 Sample type	容重 Bulk density （g·cm^-3）	含水量 The water content （%）	全碳 Total carbon （g·kg^-1）	全氮 Total nitrogen （g·kg^-1）	全磷 Total phosphorus （g·kg^-1）	微生物量碳 Microbial carbon （mg·kg^-1）	微生物量氮 Microbial nitrogen （mg·kg^-1）
0~10	NG	1.35±0.12Aa	3.55±1.81Ca	7.01±0.69ABa	0.74±0.02Ba	0.17±0.01Aa	100.71±33.29Aa	6.70±1.41Ba
	GAG	1.44±0.17Aa	8.84±1.42Aa	7.89±1.05Aa	0.88±0.11Aa	0.19±0.02Aa	141.75±27.07Aa	28.45±8.30Aa
	MAG	1.55±0.15Aa	7.04±1.51Ba	5.78±0.25Ba	0.66±0.03Ba	0.19±0.03Aa	103.61±31.88Aa	13.85±3.95Ba
10~20	NG	1.40±0.04Aa	3.62±1.54Ca	6.96±0.59Aa	0.73±0.03ABa	0.17±0.01Aa	97.36±28.01Aa	6.58±1.11Ba
	GAG	1.41±0.08Aa	8.26±0.90Aa	6.90±0.81Aa	0.79±0.08Aa	0.18±0.01Aa	105.54±39.00Aa	15.51±2.25Ab
	MAG	1.38±0.04Aa	6.83±1.48Ba	5.00±1.16Ba	0.56±0.12Ba	0.17±0.04Aa	110.73±49.98Aa	13.87±6.04ABa
20~30	NG	1.44±0.13Aa	-	6.92±0.19Aa	0.73±0.05Aa	0.18±0.01Aa	86.13±16.39Aa	5.47±0.29Ba
	GAG	1.47±0.07Aa	-	6.71±0.26Aa	0.76±0.06Aa	0.18±0.01Aa	84.43±7.05Aa	13.98±3.03Ab
	MAG	1.37±0.20Aa	-	4.29±1.15Ba	0.50±0.13Ba	0.16±0.06Aa	72.12±40.31Aa	10.02±3.83ABa

土层Soil layer （cm）	样地 Sample type	容重 Bulk density （g·cm^-3）	含水量 The water content （%）	全碳 Total carbon （g·kg^-1）	全氮 Total nitrogen （g·kg^-1）	全磷 Total phosphorus （g·kg^-1）	微生物量碳 Microbial carbon （mg·kg^-1）	微生物量氮 Microbial nitrogen （mg·kg^-1）
0~10	NG	1.35±0.12Aa	3.55±1.81Ca	7.01±0.69ABa	0.74±0.02Ba	0.17±0.01Aa	100.71±33.29Aa	6.70±1.41Ba
	GAG	1.44±0.17Aa	8.84±1.42Aa	7.89±1.05Aa	0.88±0.11Aa	0.19±0.02Aa	141.75±27.07Aa	28.45±8.30Aa
	MAG	1.55±0.15Aa	7.04±1.51Ba	5.78±0.25Ba	0.66±0.03Ba	0.19±0.03Aa	103.61±31.88Aa	13.85±3.95Ba
10~20	NG	1.40±0.04Aa	3.62±1.54Ca	6.96±0.59Aa	0.73±0.03ABa	0.17±0.01Aa	97.36±28.01Aa	6.58±1.11Ba
	GAG	1.41±0.08Aa	8.26±0.90Aa	6.90±0.81Aa	0.79±0.08Aa	0.18±0.01Aa	105.54±39.00Aa	15.51±2.25Ab
	MAG	1.38±0.04Aa	6.83±1.48Ba	5.00±1.16Ba	0.56±0.12Ba	0.17±0.04Aa	110.73±49.98Aa	13.87±6.04ABa
20~30	NG	1.44±0.13Aa	-	6.92±0.19Aa	0.73±0.05Aa	0.18±0.01Aa	86.13±16.39Aa	5.47±0.29Ba
	GAG	1.47±0.07Aa	-	6.71±0.26Aa	0.76±0.06Aa	0.18±0.01Aa	84.43±7.05Aa	13.98±3.03Ab
	MAG	1.37±0.20Aa	-	4.29±1.15Ba	0.50±0.13Ba	0.16±0.06Aa	72.12±40.31Aa	10.02±3.83ABa