Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 68-79.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020371
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Li-xing ZHANG1,2(), Chun-xing HAI1(), Yao-wen CHANG1,2, Xiao-mei GAO1,2, Wen-bang GAO3, Yun-hu XIE4
Received:
2020-08-03
Revised:
2020-11-02
Online:
2021-04-20
Published:
2021-03-16
Contact:
Chun-xing HAI
Li-xing ZHANG, Chun-xing HAI, Yao-wen CHANG, Xiao-mei GAO, Wen-bang GAO, Yun-hu XIE. Evaluation of soil quality in Leymus chinensis-Achnatherumsplendens grassland and in Stipa sareptana grassland[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(4): 68-79.
样地 Plot | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 地理位置 Location | 物种组成/盖度 Community types/coverage | 物种组成/优势度 Community types/dominance |
---|---|---|---|---|
羊草+芨芨草草原 L. chinensis and A.splendens grassland | 1337.6 | 42°16′19.40″ N 113°48′36.85″ E | 羊草L. chinensis/50%、芨芨草A.splendens/31%, 阿尔泰狗娃花H. altaicus/8%, 二裂委陵菜P. bifurca/6%, 木地肤K. prostrate/5%, 骆驼蓬P. harmala/2%, 冷蒿A. frigida/1% | 羊草L. chinensis/39%, 芨芨草A.splendens/32%, 阿尔泰狗娃花H. altaicus/8%, 冷蒿A. frigida/6%, 二裂委陵菜P. bifurca/5%, 木地肤K. prostrate/5%, 骆驼蓬P. harmala/5% |
西北针茅草原S.sareptana grassland | 1341.4 | 42°16′19.40″ N 113°48′37.39″ E | 西北针茅S.sareptana/46%, 糙隐子草C. squarrosa/6%, 木地肤K. prostrate/1%, 野韭菜A. japonicurn/1%, 蒙古韭(沙葱)A. mongolicum/1%, 猪毛菜Salsolacollina/1%, 尖齿糙苏P. dentosa/1%, 寸苔草 C. duriuscula/1% | 西北针茅S.sareptana/56%, 糙隐子草C. squarrosa/10%, 尖齿糙苏P. dentosa/9%, 猪毛菜S. collina/7%, 木地肤K. prostrate/5%, 野韭菜A. japonicurn/5%, 蒙古韭(沙葱)A. mongolicum/5%, 寸苔草C. duriuscula/3% |
Table 1 Plot location and information of plant community about sampling sites
样地 Plot | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 地理位置 Location | 物种组成/盖度 Community types/coverage | 物种组成/优势度 Community types/dominance |
---|---|---|---|---|
羊草+芨芨草草原 L. chinensis and A.splendens grassland | 1337.6 | 42°16′19.40″ N 113°48′36.85″ E | 羊草L. chinensis/50%、芨芨草A.splendens/31%, 阿尔泰狗娃花H. altaicus/8%, 二裂委陵菜P. bifurca/6%, 木地肤K. prostrate/5%, 骆驼蓬P. harmala/2%, 冷蒿A. frigida/1% | 羊草L. chinensis/39%, 芨芨草A.splendens/32%, 阿尔泰狗娃花H. altaicus/8%, 冷蒿A. frigida/6%, 二裂委陵菜P. bifurca/5%, 木地肤K. prostrate/5%, 骆驼蓬P. harmala/5% |
西北针茅草原S.sareptana grassland | 1341.4 | 42°16′19.40″ N 113°48′37.39″ E | 西北针茅S.sareptana/46%, 糙隐子草C. squarrosa/6%, 木地肤K. prostrate/1%, 野韭菜A. japonicurn/1%, 蒙古韭(沙葱)A. mongolicum/1%, 猪毛菜Salsolacollina/1%, 尖齿糙苏P. dentosa/1%, 寸苔草 C. duriuscula/1% | 西北针茅S.sareptana/56%, 糙隐子草C. squarrosa/10%, 尖齿糙苏P. dentosa/9%, 猪毛菜S. collina/7%, 木地肤K. prostrate/5%, 野韭菜A. japonicurn/5%, 蒙古韭(沙葱)A. mongolicum/5%, 寸苔草C. duriuscula/3% |
植被类型 Vegetation types | 土壤发生层 Soil horizon (cm) | 土壤水分 Water content (%) | 容重 Bulk density (g·cm-3) | 有机质 Organic matter (g·kg-1) | 速效氮 Available nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg-1) | 全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg-1) | pH | 电导率 Electrical conductivity (dS·m-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
羊草及芨芨草草原 L. chinensis and A. splendens grassland | A1 (0~20) | 6.12±0.16a | 0.70±0.01a | 25.30±0.35a | 75.20±3.71a | 6.04±0.18a | 276.22±3.59a | 2.84±0.17a | 1.08±0.09a | 8.21±0.04a | 0.12±0.01a |
A2 (20~32) | 8.45±0.16a | 0.77±0.01a | 21.29±0.52a | 71.87±0.40a | 5.30±0.01a | 62.91±1.80a | 2.53±0.12a | 1.38±0.03a | 8.09±0.01a | 1.26±0.01a | |
AB (32~44) | 9.11±0.10a | 0.75±0.01a | 17.75±0.40a | 70.05±9.05a | 5.19±0.14a | 50.31±1.09a | 1.03±0.08a | 1.36±0.03a | 8.11±0.03a | 1.52±0.09a | |
Bk (44~77) | 10.92±0.05a | 0.75±0.03a | 7.55±0.15a | 38.27±6.91a | 4.87±0.13a | 43.46±0.41a | 0.70±0.02a | 1.27±0.02a | 8.95±0.05a | 0.97±0.01a | |
Bb (77~130) | 7.59±0.48A | 0.81±0.03A | 1.41±0.30A | 35.47±5.90A | 4.91±0.05A | 57.16±1.95A | 1.35±0.13A | 1.19±0.06A | 9.29±0.02A | 0.22±0.01A | |
C (>130) | 5.99±0.20Aa | 0.76±0.02Aa | 1.61±0.13Aa | 29.33±1.78Aa | 4.72±0.07Aa | 65.89±1.49Aa | 2.63±0.14Aa | 1.31±0.05Aa | 8.89±0.01Aa | 0.24±0.02Aa | |
西北针茅草原 S. sareptana grassland | A1 (0~15) | 6.89±0.30a | 0.76±0.01b | 25.34±0.90a | 73.13±2.64b | 5.69±0.09b | 239.08±1.09b | 2.35±0.21b | 1.03±0.11b | 7.91±0.01b | 0.06±0.01b |
A2 (15~32) | 6.29±0.16b | 0.78±0.02a | 17.10±0.29b | 63.56±0.62a | 5.17±0.38a | 99.49±4.20a | 2.69±0.07b | 1.16±0.02b | 8.33±0.04b | 0.11±0.04b | |
AB (32~60) | 5.89±0.58b | 0.80±0.02b | 15.72±0.23b | 59.83±1.78a | 5.15±0.22a | 86.56±1.22a | 2.01±0.19b | 1.31±0.05b | 8.31±0.02b | 0.10±0.02b | |
Bk (60~90) | 2.51±0.18b | 0.84±0.01b | 11.02±0.11b | 44.47±1.04a | 5.02±0.24a | 81.03±0.23b | 1.09±0.41b | 1.35±0.24a | 8.35±0.13b | 0.09±0.01b | |
C (>90) | 3.19±0.08a | 0.78±0.06a | 10.93±0.31b | 48.35±3.55a | 5.11±0.07a | 87.11±0.68b | 1.40±0.10a | 1.13±0.01a | 8.32±0.07b | 0.13±0.01a |
Table 2 Analysis of soil indicators in the soil profiles of L. chinensis and A. splendens grassland and S.sareptana grassland
植被类型 Vegetation types | 土壤发生层 Soil horizon (cm) | 土壤水分 Water content (%) | 容重 Bulk density (g·cm-3) | 有机质 Organic matter (g·kg-1) | 速效氮 Available nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg-1) | 全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg-1) | pH | 电导率 Electrical conductivity (dS·m-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
羊草及芨芨草草原 L. chinensis and A. splendens grassland | A1 (0~20) | 6.12±0.16a | 0.70±0.01a | 25.30±0.35a | 75.20±3.71a | 6.04±0.18a | 276.22±3.59a | 2.84±0.17a | 1.08±0.09a | 8.21±0.04a | 0.12±0.01a |
A2 (20~32) | 8.45±0.16a | 0.77±0.01a | 21.29±0.52a | 71.87±0.40a | 5.30±0.01a | 62.91±1.80a | 2.53±0.12a | 1.38±0.03a | 8.09±0.01a | 1.26±0.01a | |
AB (32~44) | 9.11±0.10a | 0.75±0.01a | 17.75±0.40a | 70.05±9.05a | 5.19±0.14a | 50.31±1.09a | 1.03±0.08a | 1.36±0.03a | 8.11±0.03a | 1.52±0.09a | |
Bk (44~77) | 10.92±0.05a | 0.75±0.03a | 7.55±0.15a | 38.27±6.91a | 4.87±0.13a | 43.46±0.41a | 0.70±0.02a | 1.27±0.02a | 8.95±0.05a | 0.97±0.01a | |
Bb (77~130) | 7.59±0.48A | 0.81±0.03A | 1.41±0.30A | 35.47±5.90A | 4.91±0.05A | 57.16±1.95A | 1.35±0.13A | 1.19±0.06A | 9.29±0.02A | 0.22±0.01A | |
C (>130) | 5.99±0.20Aa | 0.76±0.02Aa | 1.61±0.13Aa | 29.33±1.78Aa | 4.72±0.07Aa | 65.89±1.49Aa | 2.63±0.14Aa | 1.31±0.05Aa | 8.89±0.01Aa | 0.24±0.02Aa | |
西北针茅草原 S. sareptana grassland | A1 (0~15) | 6.89±0.30a | 0.76±0.01b | 25.34±0.90a | 73.13±2.64b | 5.69±0.09b | 239.08±1.09b | 2.35±0.21b | 1.03±0.11b | 7.91±0.01b | 0.06±0.01b |
A2 (15~32) | 6.29±0.16b | 0.78±0.02a | 17.10±0.29b | 63.56±0.62a | 5.17±0.38a | 99.49±4.20a | 2.69±0.07b | 1.16±0.02b | 8.33±0.04b | 0.11±0.04b | |
AB (32~60) | 5.89±0.58b | 0.80±0.02b | 15.72±0.23b | 59.83±1.78a | 5.15±0.22a | 86.56±1.22a | 2.01±0.19b | 1.31±0.05b | 8.31±0.02b | 0.10±0.02b | |
Bk (60~90) | 2.51±0.18b | 0.84±0.01b | 11.02±0.11b | 44.47±1.04a | 5.02±0.24a | 81.03±0.23b | 1.09±0.41b | 1.35±0.24a | 8.35±0.13b | 0.09±0.01b | |
C (>90) | 3.19±0.08a | 0.78±0.06a | 10.93±0.31b | 48.35±3.55a | 5.11±0.07a | 87.11±0.68b | 1.40±0.10a | 1.13±0.01a | 8.32±0.07b | 0.13±0.01a |
评价指标Evaluation index | 分组Grouping | PC1 | PC2 | PC3 | Norm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
有机质Organic matter | 1 | 0.910 | 0.281 | 0.230 | 2.06 |
速效氮Available nitrogen | 1 | 0.860 | 0.387 | 0.219 | 1.97 |
速效磷Available phosphorus | 1 | 0.910 | 0.016 | -0.048 | 1.99 |
速效钾Available potassium | 1 | 0.880 | -0.309 | -0.210 | 1.99 |
电导率Electrical conductivity | 2 | -0.180 | 0.959 | 0.019 | 1.50 |
pH | 1 | -0.768 | -0.231 | -0.496 | 1.82 |
容重Bulk density | 3 | -0.519 | -0.296 | 0.641 | 1.42 |
土壤水分Water content | 2 | -0.101 | 0.763 | -0.499 | 1.31 |
全氮Total nitrogen | 1 | 0.612 | -0.212 | -0.097 | 1.38 |
全磷Total phosphorus | 1 | -0.564 | 0.499 | 0.422 | 1.52 |
主成分特征值Eigen value | 4.766 | 2.263 | 1.306 | - | |
主成分方差贡献率Variance (%) | 47.659 | 22.634 | 13.061 | - | |
主成分累积贡献率Cumulative (%) | 47.659 | 70.293 | 83.354 | - |
Table 3 Results of principal component analysis of the soil indicators and their Norm values and groups
评价指标Evaluation index | 分组Grouping | PC1 | PC2 | PC3 | Norm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
有机质Organic matter | 1 | 0.910 | 0.281 | 0.230 | 2.06 |
速效氮Available nitrogen | 1 | 0.860 | 0.387 | 0.219 | 1.97 |
速效磷Available phosphorus | 1 | 0.910 | 0.016 | -0.048 | 1.99 |
速效钾Available potassium | 1 | 0.880 | -0.309 | -0.210 | 1.99 |
电导率Electrical conductivity | 2 | -0.180 | 0.959 | 0.019 | 1.50 |
pH | 1 | -0.768 | -0.231 | -0.496 | 1.82 |
容重Bulk density | 3 | -0.519 | -0.296 | 0.641 | 1.42 |
土壤水分Water content | 2 | -0.101 | 0.763 | -0.499 | 1.31 |
全氮Total nitrogen | 1 | 0.612 | -0.212 | -0.097 | 1.38 |
全磷Total phosphorus | 1 | -0.564 | 0.499 | 0.422 | 1.52 |
主成分特征值Eigen value | 4.766 | 2.263 | 1.306 | - | |
主成分方差贡献率Variance (%) | 47.659 | 22.634 | 13.061 | - | |
主成分累积贡献率Cumulative (%) | 47.659 | 70.293 | 83.354 | - |
土壤指标 Index | 有机质 Organic matter | 速效氮 Available nitrogen | 速效磷 Available phosphorus | 速效钾 Available potassium | 电导率 Electrical conductivity | pH | 容重 Bulk density | 土壤水分 Water content | 全氮 Total nitrogen |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
速效氮Available nitrogen | 0.931** | ||||||||
速效磷Available phosphorus | 0.815** | 0.733** | |||||||
速效钾Available potassium | 0.683** | 0.547** | 0.828** | ||||||
电导率Electrical conductivity | 0.100 | 0.200 | -0.130 | -0.456** | |||||
pH | -0.885** | -0.845** | -0.627** | -0.477** | -0.100 | ||||
容重Bulk density | -0.366* | -0.357* | -0.462** | -0.467** | -0.180 | 0.190 | |||
土壤水分Water content | 0.040 | 0.120 | -0.060 | -0.200 | 0.706** | 0.210 | -0.351* | ||
全氮Total nitrogen | 0.442** | 0.393** | 0.448** | 0.549** | -0.336* | -0.330* | -0.341* | -0.150 | |
全磷Total phosphorus | -0.302* | -0.260 | -0.520** | -0.713** | 0.557** | 0.130 | 0.309* | 0.170 | -0.270 |
Table 4 Correlation coefficient matrix of indicators for soil quality evaluation
土壤指标 Index | 有机质 Organic matter | 速效氮 Available nitrogen | 速效磷 Available phosphorus | 速效钾 Available potassium | 电导率 Electrical conductivity | pH | 容重 Bulk density | 土壤水分 Water content | 全氮 Total nitrogen |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
速效氮Available nitrogen | 0.931** | ||||||||
速效磷Available phosphorus | 0.815** | 0.733** | |||||||
速效钾Available potassium | 0.683** | 0.547** | 0.828** | ||||||
电导率Electrical conductivity | 0.100 | 0.200 | -0.130 | -0.456** | |||||
pH | -0.885** | -0.845** | -0.627** | -0.477** | -0.100 | ||||
容重Bulk density | -0.366* | -0.357* | -0.462** | -0.467** | -0.180 | 0.190 | |||
土壤水分Water content | 0.040 | 0.120 | -0.060 | -0.200 | 0.706** | 0.210 | -0.351* | ||
全氮Total nitrogen | 0.442** | 0.393** | 0.448** | 0.549** | -0.336* | -0.330* | -0.341* | -0.150 | |
全磷Total phosphorus | -0.302* | -0.260 | -0.520** | -0.713** | 0.557** | 0.130 | 0.309* | 0.170 | -0.270 |
评价指标 Evaluation index | 总数据集Total data set (TDS) | 最小数据集Minimum data set (MDS) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
公因子方差Communality | 权重Weight | 公因子方差Communality | 权重Weight | |
有机质Organic matter | 0.967 | 0.12 | 0.571 | 0.39 |
速效氮Available nitrogen | 0.930 | 0.11 | - | - |
速效磷Available phosphorus | 0.835 | 0.10 | - | - |
速效钾Available potassium | 0.911 | 0.11 | - | - |
电导率Electrical conductivity | 0.952 | 0.11 | 0.232 | 0.16 |
pH | 0.931 | 0.11 | - | - |
容重Bulk density | 0.768 | 0.09 | 0.650 | 0.45 |
土壤水分Water content | 0.865 | 0.10 | - | - |
全氮Total nitrogen | 0.429 | 0.05 | - | - |
全磷Total phosphorus | 0.748 | 0.09 | - | - |
Table 5 Communality and weight of soil quality indicators
评价指标 Evaluation index | 总数据集Total data set (TDS) | 最小数据集Minimum data set (MDS) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
公因子方差Communality | 权重Weight | 公因子方差Communality | 权重Weight | |
有机质Organic matter | 0.967 | 0.12 | 0.571 | 0.39 |
速效氮Available nitrogen | 0.930 | 0.11 | - | - |
速效磷Available phosphorus | 0.835 | 0.10 | - | - |
速效钾Available potassium | 0.911 | 0.11 | - | - |
电导率Electrical conductivity | 0.952 | 0.11 | 0.232 | 0.16 |
pH | 0.931 | 0.11 | - | - |
容重Bulk density | 0.768 | 0.09 | 0.650 | 0.45 |
土壤水分Water content | 0.865 | 0.10 | - | - |
全氮Total nitrogen | 0.429 | 0.05 | - | - |
全磷Total phosphorus | 0.748 | 0.09 | - | - |
参数 Parameter | 有机质 Organic matter | 速效氮 Available nitrogen | 速效磷 Available phosphorus | 速效钾 Available potassium | 电导率 Electrical conductivity | pH | 容重 Bulk density | 土壤水分 Water content | 全氮 Total nitrogen | 全磷 Total phosphorus |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均值Mean | 14.08 | 27.71 | 5.20 | 104.48 | 0.44 | 8.43 | 0.77 | 0.07 | 1.87 | 1.23 |
归一化方程 Normalization equation |
Table 6 Mean of soil quality indicators and normalization equations of the scoring curves
参数 Parameter | 有机质 Organic matter | 速效氮 Available nitrogen | 速效磷 Available phosphorus | 速效钾 Available potassium | 电导率 Electrical conductivity | pH | 容重 Bulk density | 土壤水分 Water content | 全氮 Total nitrogen | 全磷 Total phosphorus |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均值Mean | 14.08 | 27.71 | 5.20 | 104.48 | 0.44 | 8.43 | 0.77 | 0.07 | 1.87 | 1.23 |
归一化方程 Normalization equation |
项目 Item | <250 μS·cm-1 | 250~600 μS·cm-1 | 600~800 μS·cm-1 | 800~1000 μS·cm-1 | ≥1000 μS·cm-1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
极低盐度 Very low salinity | 低盐度 Low salinity | 中盐度 Medium salinity | 高盐度 High salinity | 极高盐度 Very high salinity | |
对作物的影响 Impact on crops | 一般作物生长正常 General crops grow normally | 对敏感作物有障碍 Obstacles to sensitive crops | 多数作物生长受阻Most crops are blocked | 仅耐盐作物能生长 Only salt-tolerant crops can grow | 仅极耐盐作物能生长 Only extremely salt-tolerant crops can grow |
Table 7 Electrical conductivity and class
项目 Item | <250 μS·cm-1 | 250~600 μS·cm-1 | 600~800 μS·cm-1 | 800~1000 μS·cm-1 | ≥1000 μS·cm-1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
极低盐度 Very low salinity | 低盐度 Low salinity | 中盐度 Medium salinity | 高盐度 High salinity | 极高盐度 Very high salinity | |
对作物的影响 Impact on crops | 一般作物生长正常 General crops grow normally | 对敏感作物有障碍 Obstacles to sensitive crops | 多数作物生长受阻Most crops are blocked | 仅耐盐作物能生长 Only salt-tolerant crops can grow | 仅极耐盐作物能生长 Only extremely salt-tolerant crops can grow |
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