Herbage production and forage quality responses to cutting height and fertilization of legume-grass mixtures in the Hexi region

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020467

Abstract

Abstract:

Mowing and fertilization are extremely important field management decisions in the cultivation of legume-grass mixtures. Appropriate stubble height at mowing and optimal application rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers can enhance the productivity of mixed grassland. This research was conducted in the Hexi Corridor area and explored the effects of different stubble heights and fertilizer application rates on the yield and quality of a three-year-old perennial legume-grass mixture comprising Medicago sativa， Bromus inermis and Elytrigia elongata at a planting ratio of 1∶1∶1. The experiment used a split-plot design with three stubble heights as main plots： 5 cm （A₁）， 8 cm （A₂） and 11 cm （A₃）. Six fertilizer treatments were included as sub-plots： no fertilization （CK， B₁）， single phosphorus （150 kg P₂O₅·ha^-1， B₂）， low nitrogen and high phosphorus （75 kg N·ha^-1+225 kg P₂O₅·ha^-1， B₃）， equal nitrogen and phosphorus （150 kg N·ha^-1+150 kg P₂O₅·ha^-1， B₄）， single nitrogen application （150 kg N·ha^-1， B₅）， high nitrogen and low phosphorus application （225 kg N·ha^-1+75 kg P₂O₅·ha^-1， B₆）. The leguminous forages in the mixed grassland were mowed at the early-flowering stage， and fertilized after the first mowing. It was found that： the A₃B₃ treatment combination had the highest annual yield （19626 kg·ha^-1）； and the A₂B₂ treatment combination had the lowest annual yield （14342 kg·ha^-1）. Increasing the stubble height reduced the crude protein content of alfalfa to some extent， and adding nitrogen enhanced the crude protein levels of poaceous forages. The relative forage value （RFV） of herbage was increased by increasing nitrogen and decreasing phosphorus， and the forage RFV was also decreased when the fertilizer application rate was too high. The optimal combination of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer was 150 kg N·ha^-1+150 kg P₂O₅·ha^-1. Based on the combined results for yield and quality， the appropriate application rate of phosphate fertilizer application significantly improved the nutritional quality of forage grass. Using the TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation model to evaluate the yield of mixed grassland and the nutritional quality of each mixed forage， the 8 cm stubble height and 150 kg N·ha^-1+150 kg P₂O₅·ha^-1 is the optimal combination of stubble height and fertilizer application for the mixed forage cropping of M. sativa+B. inermis+E. elongata in the Hexi Corridor.

Key words: legume-grass mixtures, stubble heights, combination of N and P, grassland yield, forage quality

Xin-you WANG, Wen-xia CAO, Xiao-jun WANG, Yu-zhen LIU, Rui GAO, Shi-lin WANG, Hai-tao AN, Xiu-xia DENG, Wen-hu WANG. Herbage production and forage quality responses to cutting height and fertilization of legume-grass mixtures in the Hexi region[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(4): 99-110.

Figures/Tables 9

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牧草品种 Forage species	变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 df	产量 Yield	株高 Plant height	分枝数（分蘖数） Tiller No. (branching No.)	粗蛋白 Crude protein	粗脂肪 Crude fat	相对饲用价值 RFV
清水紫花苜蓿 M. sativa	留茬高度Stubble height (A)	2	-	0.059	0.000***	0.000***	0.885	0.023*
	施肥Fertilization (B)	5	-	0.396	0.254	0.759	0.001**	0.001**
	A×B	10	-	0.001**	0.036*	0.007**	0.022*	0.222
	误差Error	36	-
无芒雀麦 B. inermis	留茬高度Stubble height (A)	2	-	0.006**	0.000***	0.000***	0.273	0.001**
	施肥Fertilization (B)	5	-	0.227	0.819	0.000***	0.178	0.000***
	A×B	10	-	0.002**	0.604	0.004**	0.002**	0.009**
	误差Error	36	-
长穗偃麦草 E. elongate	留茬高度Stubble height (A)	2	-	0.075	0.496	0.011*	0.021*	0.091
	施肥Fertilization (B)	5	-	0.029*	0.263	0.083	0.527	0.009**
	A×B	10	-	0.043*	0.016*	0.010*	0.000***	0.444
	误差Error	36	-	-	-	-	-	-
豆禾混播草地 Legume-grass mixture	留茬高度Stubble height (A)	2	0.048*	-	-	-	-	-
	施肥Fertilization (B)	5	0.181	-	-	-	-	-
	A×B	10	0.002**	-	-	-	-	-
	误差Error	36	-	-	-	-	-	-

牧草品种 Forage species	变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 df	产量 Yield	株高 Plant height	分枝数（分蘖数） Tiller No. (branching No.)	粗蛋白 Crude protein	粗脂肪 Crude fat	相对饲用价值 RFV
清水紫花苜蓿 M. sativa	留茬高度Stubble height (A)	2	-	0.059	0.000***	0.000***	0.885	0.023*
	施肥Fertilization (B)	5	-	0.396	0.254	0.759	0.001**	0.001**
	A×B	10	-	0.001**	0.036*	0.007**	0.022*	0.222
	误差Error	36	-
无芒雀麦 B. inermis	留茬高度Stubble height (A)	2	-	0.006**	0.000***	0.000***	0.273	0.001**
	施肥Fertilization (B)	5	-	0.227	0.819	0.000***	0.178	0.000***
	A×B	10	-	0.002**	0.604	0.004**	0.002**	0.009**
	误差Error	36	-
长穗偃麦草 E. elongate	留茬高度Stubble height (A)	2	-	0.075	0.496	0.011*	0.021*	0.091
	施肥Fertilization (B)	5	-	0.029*	0.263	0.083	0.527	0.009**
	A×B	10	-	0.043*	0.016*	0.010*	0.000***	0.444
	误差Error	36	-	-	-	-	-	-
豆禾混播草地 Legume-grass mixture	留茬高度Stubble height (A)	2	0.048*	-	-	-	-	-
	施肥Fertilization (B)	5	0.181	-	-	-	-	-
	A×B	10	0.002**	-	-	-	-	-
	误差Error	36	-	-	-	-	-	-

牧草种类Forage species	施肥Fertilization	A₁	A₂	A₃
清水紫花苜蓿 M. sativa	B₁	56.9633±1.01229Ba	56.3000±0.01925Bc	64.7000±0.78905Aa
	B₂	61.8267±0.85063Aa	62.6917±0.37047Aab	59.2367±0.55812Bbc
	B₃	60.4700±1.73205Aa	65.1678±2.05922Aa	61.0467±0.12702Aab
	B₄	60.8333±0.18860Aa	64.9333±0.42339Aa	54.1333±2.42487Bc
	B₅	64.2883±4.10592Aa	58.2667±1.37005Abc	58.8967±0.25211Abc
	B₆	61.0467±2.49030Aa	61.8000±3.19467Aab	55.9333±3.15618Abc
无芒雀麦 B. inermis	B₁	45.4900±1.25862Bb	46.8667±1.34715Bb	57.8333±0.71207Aa
	B₂	45.3267±0.43013Cb	56.7317±1.38660Aa	52.8278±0.90022Ba
	B₃	49.8933±0.29157Aab	52.8689±1.61562Aab	53.2667±3.69504Aa
	B₄	53.2767±0.14723Aa	48.7000±0.92452Aab	53.9000±3.05996Aa
	B₅	54.4667±2.34693Aa	52.2889±4.15841Aab	55.4917±0.48594Aa
	B₆	52.2500±2.45374Aa	56.4667±3.27165Aa	51.4667±0.73131Aa
长穗偃麦草 E. elongate	B₁	18.8200±0.86600Acd	23.3050±1.36351Aa	24.6333±3.25241Aab
	B₂	13.5500±2.96758Ad	19.5500±0.37528Aa	18.6689±3.28976Abc
	B₃	16.4300±0.51962Ccd	23.5311±0.23190Ba	27.9667±1.05944Aa
	B₄	24.3500±2.41332Aab	27.2550±7.08890Aa	15.2183±0.62835Ac
	B₅	26.6700±0.57735Aa	23.5444±5.86560Aa	27.3567±1.14123Aa
	B₆	20.2400±1.17779Abc	25.9333±2.69430Aa	19.5333±3.11769Abc

牧草种类Forage species	施肥Fertilization	A₁	A₂	A₃
清水紫花苜蓿 M. sativa	B₁	56.9633±1.01229Ba	56.3000±0.01925Bc	64.7000±0.78905Aa
	B₂	61.8267±0.85063Aa	62.6917±0.37047Aab	59.2367±0.55812Bbc
	B₃	60.4700±1.73205Aa	65.1678±2.05922Aa	61.0467±0.12702Aab
	B₄	60.8333±0.18860Aa	64.9333±0.42339Aa	54.1333±2.42487Bc
	B₅	64.2883±4.10592Aa	58.2667±1.37005Abc	58.8967±0.25211Abc
	B₆	61.0467±2.49030Aa	61.8000±3.19467Aab	55.9333±3.15618Abc
无芒雀麦 B. inermis	B₁	45.4900±1.25862Bb	46.8667±1.34715Bb	57.8333±0.71207Aa
	B₂	45.3267±0.43013Cb	56.7317±1.38660Aa	52.8278±0.90022Ba
	B₃	49.8933±0.29157Aab	52.8689±1.61562Aab	53.2667±3.69504Aa
	B₄	53.2767±0.14723Aa	48.7000±0.92452Aab	53.9000±3.05996Aa
	B₅	54.4667±2.34693Aa	52.2889±4.15841Aab	55.4917±0.48594Aa
	B₆	52.2500±2.45374Aa	56.4667±3.27165Aa	51.4667±0.73131Aa
长穗偃麦草 E. elongate	B₁	18.8200±0.86600Acd	23.3050±1.36351Aa	24.6333±3.25241Aab
	B₂	13.5500±2.96758Ad	19.5500±0.37528Aa	18.6689±3.28976Abc
	B₃	16.4300±0.51962Ccd	23.5311±0.23190Ba	27.9667±1.05944Aa
	B₄	24.3500±2.41332Aab	27.2550±7.08890Aa	15.2183±0.62835Ac
	B₅	26.6700±0.57735Aa	23.5444±5.86560Aa	27.3567±1.14123Aa
	B₆	20.2400±1.17779Abc	25.9333±2.69430Aa	19.5333±3.11769Abc

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