Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 49-60.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020475
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Yan PENG1(), Jing-yuan SUN2, Su-jie MA3, Xiang-tao WANG3, Xue-hong WEI3(), Lei SUN3()
Received:
2020-10-20
Revised:
2020-12-24
Online:
2022-08-20
Published:
2022-07-01
Contact:
Xue-hong WEI,Lei SUN
Yan PENG, Jing-yuan SUN, Su-jie MA, Xiang-tao WANG, Xue-hong WEI, Lei SUN. Plant community composition and soil nutrient status of degraded alpine meadow sites in Northern Tibet[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(8): 49-60.
退化阶段 Degradation level | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 地理坐标 Geography coordinate | 样地特点 Sample features | 优势种 Dominant species |
---|---|---|---|---|
轻度退化LD | 4470 | 29°54′41″ N 92°22′23″ E | 植被生长良好,无放牧等干扰。 The vegetation grows well, no disturbance such as grazing. | 高山嵩草 K. pygmaea |
中度退化MD | 4290 | 30°25′17″ N 90°58′32″ E | 植被生长较弱,有围栏保护。 Vegetation growth is weak, protected by fences. | 弱小火绒草 Leontopodium pusillum |
重度退化SD | 4570 | 30°44′49″ N 91°34′23″ E | 有裸地,植被矮小。 Dwarf vegetation, bare land. | 二裂委陵菜 Potentilla bifurca |
Table 1 Sample plots settings
退化阶段 Degradation level | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 地理坐标 Geography coordinate | 样地特点 Sample features | 优势种 Dominant species |
---|---|---|---|---|
轻度退化LD | 4470 | 29°54′41″ N 92°22′23″ E | 植被生长良好,无放牧等干扰。 The vegetation grows well, no disturbance such as grazing. | 高山嵩草 K. pygmaea |
中度退化MD | 4290 | 30°25′17″ N 90°58′32″ E | 植被生长较弱,有围栏保护。 Vegetation growth is weak, protected by fences. | 弱小火绒草 Leontopodium pusillum |
重度退化SD | 4570 | 30°44′49″ N 91°34′23″ E | 有裸地,植被矮小。 Dwarf vegetation, bare land. | 二裂委陵菜 Potentilla bifurca |
退化阶段 Degradation level | 地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m-2) | 高度 Height (cm) | 密度 Density (individual·m-2) | 频度 Frequency (%) | 总盖度 Vegetation coverage (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
轻度退化LD | 102.53±6.52Aa | 89.60±4.25Aa | 2528.33±124.49Aa | 12.90±0.32Aa | 63.00±4.92Aa |
中度退化MD | 93.28±8.35Bb | 42.73±2.95Bb | 1887.33±170.70Aa | 9.67±0.39Bb | 45.67±4.20Bb |
重度退化SD | 58.02±6.75Cc | 10.26±0.89Cc | 533.00±72.70Bb | 3.53±0.30Cc | 30.67±3.16Bb |
Table 2 Characteristics of vegetation at different degraded meadows
退化阶段 Degradation level | 地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m-2) | 高度 Height (cm) | 密度 Density (individual·m-2) | 频度 Frequency (%) | 总盖度 Vegetation coverage (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
轻度退化LD | 102.53±6.52Aa | 89.60±4.25Aa | 2528.33±124.49Aa | 12.90±0.32Aa | 63.00±4.92Aa |
中度退化MD | 93.28±8.35Bb | 42.73±2.95Bb | 1887.33±170.70Aa | 9.67±0.39Bb | 45.67±4.20Bb |
重度退化SD | 58.02±6.75Cc | 10.26±0.89Cc | 533.00±72.70Bb | 3.53±0.30Cc | 30.67±3.16Bb |
退化阶段 Degradation level | 总科数 Total number of families (No.) | 总属数 Total number of genera (No.) | 总种数 Total number of species (No.) | 豆科 Leguminosae (No.) | 禾本科 Gramineae (No.) | 菊科 Compositae (No.) | 莎草科 Cyperaceae (No.) | 蔷薇科 Rosaceae (No.) | 合计 Total (No.) | 占本群落比率 Rate in total (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
轻度退化LD | 8 | 18 | 22 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 17 | 77.27 |
中度退化MD | 8 | 14 | 16 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 12 | 75.00 |
重度退化SD | 5 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 66.67 |
Table 3 Composition of plant families, genera and species of community at different degraded meadows
退化阶段 Degradation level | 总科数 Total number of families (No.) | 总属数 Total number of genera (No.) | 总种数 Total number of species (No.) | 豆科 Leguminosae (No.) | 禾本科 Gramineae (No.) | 菊科 Compositae (No.) | 莎草科 Cyperaceae (No.) | 蔷薇科 Rosaceae (No.) | 合计 Total (No.) | 占本群落比率 Rate in total (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
轻度退化LD | 8 | 18 | 22 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 17 | 77.27 |
中度退化MD | 8 | 14 | 16 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 12 | 75.00 |
重度退化SD | 5 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 66.67 |
项目 Item | 轻度退化LD | 中度退化MD | 重度退化SD | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
物种Species | 重要值IV (%) | 物种Species | 重要值IV (%) | 物种Species | 重要值IV (%) | |
优势种Dominant species | 高山嵩草Kobresia pygmaea | 14.54 | 弱小火绒草L. pusillum | 22.96 | 二裂委陵菜P. bifurca | 44.57 |
亚优势种 Sub-dominant species | 斑唇马先蒿Pedicularis longiflora | 11.63 | 高山嵩草K. pygmaea | 18.61 | 白苞筋骨草A. lupulina | 21.03 |
白苞筋骨草Ajuga lupulina | 10.36 | 青藏狗娃花H. bowerii | 11.44 | 三毛草T. bifidum | 18.11 | |
主要伴生种 Companion species | 羊茅Festuca ovina | 7.95 | 紫花针茅 S. purpurea | 11.16 | 肉果草Lancea tibetica | 8.04 |
紫花针茅 Stipa purpurea | 7.11 | 披碱草E. dahuricus | 8.10 | 川西风毛菊S.dzeurensis | 4.98 | |
矮生嵩草Kobresia humilis | 5.90 | 矮生嵩草K. humilis | 6.28 | 无茎黄鹌菜Youngia simulatrix | 3.40 | |
弱小火绒草Leontopodium pusillum | 4.95 | 纤杆蒿A. demissa | 4.15 | |||
三毛草Trisetum bifidum | 4.93 | 三毛草T. bifidum | 3.52 | |||
早熟禾Poa annua | 4.22 | 钉柱委陵菜P. saundersiana | 3.36 | |||
披碱草Elymus dahuricus | 3.69 | 斑唇马先蒿P. longiflora | 2.85 | |||
青藏狗娃花Heteropappus bowerii | 3.28 | 短穗兔耳草L. brachystachya | 2.24 | |||
白花枝子花Dracocephalum heterophy | 3.07 | 团垫黄耆A. arnoldii | 1.73 | |||
青藏苔草Carex moorcroftii | 3.02 | 二裂委陵菜P. bifurca | 1.53 | |||
纤杆蒿Artemisia demissa | 2.99 | 圆齿褶龙胆Gentiana crenulatotruncata | 1.04 | |||
木根香青Anaphalis xylorhiza | 2.61 | 木根香青A. xylorhiza | 0.99 | |||
昆仑蒿Artemisia nanschanica | 2.14 | 葶苈D. nemorosa | 0.83 | |||
短穗兔耳草Lagotis brachystachya | 2.14 | |||||
川西风毛菊Saussurea dzeurensis | 1.52 | |||||
钉柱委陵菜Potentilla saundersiana | 1.10 | |||||
团垫黄耆Astragalus arnoldii | 1.06 | |||||
二裂委陵菜Potentilla bifurca | 0.90 | |||||
葶苈Draba nemorosa | 0.63 |
Table 4 Important value of dominant,sub-dominant and companion species under different degraded meadows
项目 Item | 轻度退化LD | 中度退化MD | 重度退化SD | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
物种Species | 重要值IV (%) | 物种Species | 重要值IV (%) | 物种Species | 重要值IV (%) | |
优势种Dominant species | 高山嵩草Kobresia pygmaea | 14.54 | 弱小火绒草L. pusillum | 22.96 | 二裂委陵菜P. bifurca | 44.57 |
亚优势种 Sub-dominant species | 斑唇马先蒿Pedicularis longiflora | 11.63 | 高山嵩草K. pygmaea | 18.61 | 白苞筋骨草A. lupulina | 21.03 |
白苞筋骨草Ajuga lupulina | 10.36 | 青藏狗娃花H. bowerii | 11.44 | 三毛草T. bifidum | 18.11 | |
主要伴生种 Companion species | 羊茅Festuca ovina | 7.95 | 紫花针茅 S. purpurea | 11.16 | 肉果草Lancea tibetica | 8.04 |
紫花针茅 Stipa purpurea | 7.11 | 披碱草E. dahuricus | 8.10 | 川西风毛菊S.dzeurensis | 4.98 | |
矮生嵩草Kobresia humilis | 5.90 | 矮生嵩草K. humilis | 6.28 | 无茎黄鹌菜Youngia simulatrix | 3.40 | |
弱小火绒草Leontopodium pusillum | 4.95 | 纤杆蒿A. demissa | 4.15 | |||
三毛草Trisetum bifidum | 4.93 | 三毛草T. bifidum | 3.52 | |||
早熟禾Poa annua | 4.22 | 钉柱委陵菜P. saundersiana | 3.36 | |||
披碱草Elymus dahuricus | 3.69 | 斑唇马先蒿P. longiflora | 2.85 | |||
青藏狗娃花Heteropappus bowerii | 3.28 | 短穗兔耳草L. brachystachya | 2.24 | |||
白花枝子花Dracocephalum heterophy | 3.07 | 团垫黄耆A. arnoldii | 1.73 | |||
青藏苔草Carex moorcroftii | 3.02 | 二裂委陵菜P. bifurca | 1.53 | |||
纤杆蒿Artemisia demissa | 2.99 | 圆齿褶龙胆Gentiana crenulatotruncata | 1.04 | |||
木根香青Anaphalis xylorhiza | 2.61 | 木根香青A. xylorhiza | 0.99 | |||
昆仑蒿Artemisia nanschanica | 2.14 | 葶苈D. nemorosa | 0.83 | |||
短穗兔耳草Lagotis brachystachya | 2.14 | |||||
川西风毛菊Saussurea dzeurensis | 1.52 | |||||
钉柱委陵菜Potentilla saundersiana | 1.10 | |||||
团垫黄耆Astragalus arnoldii | 1.06 | |||||
二裂委陵菜Potentilla bifurca | 0.90 | |||||
葶苈Draba nemorosa | 0.63 |
退化阶段 Degradation level | 有机质 Organic matter (g·kg-1) | 速效氮 Available nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg-1) | 全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg-1) | 全钾 Total potassium (g·kg-1) | 速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg-1) | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
轻度退化LD | 27.36±1.84Aa | 594.06±38.57Aa | 3.83±0.43Aa | 9.12±0.33Aa | 1.05±0.21Aa | 10.45±0.51Aa | 331.09±18.91Aa | 8.55±0.17Aa |
中度退化MD | 23.81±0.99Bb | 320.69±106.30Bb | 3.28±0.14ABab | 9.01±1.95Aa | 0.83±0.06Aa | 9.88±0.20Aa | 265.33±12.35Bb | 8.60±0.53Aa |
重度退化SD | 21.61±0.57Cc | 275.21±19.93Bb | 2.35±0.57Bb | 7.42±0.12Aa | 0.79±0.10Aa | 9.81±0.91Aa | 238.56±16.63Bb | 8.90±0.20Aa |
Table 5 Characteristics of soil at different degraded meadows
退化阶段 Degradation level | 有机质 Organic matter (g·kg-1) | 速效氮 Available nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg-1) | 全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg-1) | 全钾 Total potassium (g·kg-1) | 速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg-1) | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
轻度退化LD | 27.36±1.84Aa | 594.06±38.57Aa | 3.83±0.43Aa | 9.12±0.33Aa | 1.05±0.21Aa | 10.45±0.51Aa | 331.09±18.91Aa | 8.55±0.17Aa |
中度退化MD | 23.81±0.99Bb | 320.69±106.30Bb | 3.28±0.14ABab | 9.01±1.95Aa | 0.83±0.06Aa | 9.88±0.20Aa | 265.33±12.35Bb | 8.60±0.53Aa |
重度退化SD | 21.61±0.57Cc | 275.21±19.93Bb | 2.35±0.57Bb | 7.42±0.12Aa | 0.79±0.10Aa | 9.81±0.91Aa | 238.56±16.63Bb | 8.90±0.20Aa |
退化阶段 Degradation level | 环境因子 Environmental factors | 解释力度排序 Rank ordering of explanatory power | 环境因子所占解释量 Variance explains of environmental factors (%) | F值 F value | P值 P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
轻度退化LD | 全氮TN | 7 | 42.1 | 0.7 | 0.684 |
全磷TP | 4 | 63.2 | 1.7 | 0.308 | |
全钾TK | 8 | 31.3 | 0.5 | 0.828 | |
速效氮AN | 1 | 71.6 | 2.5 | 0.326 | |
速效磷AP | 6 | 52.4 | 1.1 | 0.640 | |
速效钾AK | 2 | 71.2 | 2.5 | 0.330 | |
有机质OM | 5 | 52.4 | 1.1 | 0.630 | |
pH | 3 | 63.7 | 1.7 | 0.345 | |
中度退化 MD | 全氮TN | 2 | 76.3 | 3.2 | 0.174 |
全磷TP | 8 | 20.7 | 0.3 | 1.000 | |
全钾TK | 7 | 21.9 | 0.3 | 0.818 | |
速效氮AN | 5 | 56.9 | 1.3 | 0.482 | |
速效磷AP | 6 | 29.2 | 0.4 | 0.816 | |
速效钾AK | 3 | 75.9 | 3.2 | 0.182 | |
有机质OM | 1 | 76.7 | 3.3 | 0.344 | |
pH | 4 | 66.4 | 2.0 | 0.502 | |
重度退化SD | 全氮TN | 8 | 16.3 | 0.2 | 1.000 |
全磷TP | 7 | 33.9 | 0.5 | 0.688 | |
全钾TK | 5 | 47.8 | 0.9 | 0.482 | |
速效氮AN | 3 | 73.3 | 2.7 | 0.346 | |
速效磷AP | 2 | 73.8 | 2.8 | 0.326 | |
速效钾AK | 6 | 40.2 | 0.7 | 0.692 | |
有机质OM | 4 | 50.3 | 1.0 | 0.502 | |
pH | 1 | 83.0 | 4.9 | 0.330 |
Table 6 Explanatory power and significance level of soil environmental factors in different degraded grasslands
退化阶段 Degradation level | 环境因子 Environmental factors | 解释力度排序 Rank ordering of explanatory power | 环境因子所占解释量 Variance explains of environmental factors (%) | F值 F value | P值 P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
轻度退化LD | 全氮TN | 7 | 42.1 | 0.7 | 0.684 |
全磷TP | 4 | 63.2 | 1.7 | 0.308 | |
全钾TK | 8 | 31.3 | 0.5 | 0.828 | |
速效氮AN | 1 | 71.6 | 2.5 | 0.326 | |
速效磷AP | 6 | 52.4 | 1.1 | 0.640 | |
速效钾AK | 2 | 71.2 | 2.5 | 0.330 | |
有机质OM | 5 | 52.4 | 1.1 | 0.630 | |
pH | 3 | 63.7 | 1.7 | 0.345 | |
中度退化 MD | 全氮TN | 2 | 76.3 | 3.2 | 0.174 |
全磷TP | 8 | 20.7 | 0.3 | 1.000 | |
全钾TK | 7 | 21.9 | 0.3 | 0.818 | |
速效氮AN | 5 | 56.9 | 1.3 | 0.482 | |
速效磷AP | 6 | 29.2 | 0.4 | 0.816 | |
速效钾AK | 3 | 75.9 | 3.2 | 0.182 | |
有机质OM | 1 | 76.7 | 3.3 | 0.344 | |
pH | 4 | 66.4 | 2.0 | 0.502 | |
重度退化SD | 全氮TN | 8 | 16.3 | 0.2 | 1.000 |
全磷TP | 7 | 33.9 | 0.5 | 0.688 | |
全钾TK | 5 | 47.8 | 0.9 | 0.482 | |
速效氮AN | 3 | 73.3 | 2.7 | 0.346 | |
速效磷AP | 2 | 73.8 | 2.8 | 0.326 | |
速效钾AK | 6 | 40.2 | 0.7 | 0.692 | |
有机质OM | 4 | 50.3 | 1.0 | 0.502 | |
pH | 1 | 83.0 | 4.9 | 0.330 |
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