Identification of fungal diseases and factors influencing disease index in oat （Avena sativa） crops in the Datong region of Shanxi Province， China

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020534

Abstract

Abstract:

The Datong region in Shanxi Province is one of the main areas of oat production in China. Fungal diseases of oat leaves have become a major limiting factor reducing yield， but the identities of the pathogens remain unclear. In addition， the infection of early-sown oat crops may provide a source of inoculum that increases the risk of disease occurrence in later-sown crops， so hindering the sustainable production of oats regionally. Thus， there is an urgent need to clarify the main factors affecting the fungal disease intensity （disease index） on early-sown oat crops， in order to assist with development of disease control measures. Morphological characteristics and pathogenicity determinations were used to identify the pathogens causing fungal leaf diseases in early sown oat fields in the Datong region. A relationship between the disease index at harvest and the factors affecting disease index was developed. Three fungal diseases were found in early-sown oats： leaf blight caused by Colletotrichum cereale， leaf streak disease caused by Drechslera avenacea， and stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae. The disease index of leaf blight， leaf streak and stem rust under different planting and management patterns varied； the disease index （on a scale of 0-100） ranged from 1.9 to 5.6， 1.0 to 6.2 and 0 to 0.9， respectively， for the three detected fungal pathogens. Correlation analysis showed that sprinkler irrigation is the main factor implicated in serious incidence of leaf streak disease. Mixed species sowings can reduce the disease index of leaf blight in oat crops. In addition， high/low levels of soil available N and K are often associated with increased incidence of leaf blight and stem rust. We recommend that forage growers should use rational application of fertilizer， avoid sprinkler irrigation mode， and follow extension techniques for mixed species sowings in oat production. We strongly recommend the use of low-toxicity， high-efficiency fungicides to control disease in early-sown oat crops to ensure the sustainable development of the commercial cultivation of oat crops in the Datong region.

Key words: oat （Avena sativa）, fungal disease index, mixed pasture, irrigation regime, environmental factor

Peng GAO, Jiang-ming WEI, Yao LI, Li-hong ZHANG, Xiang ZHAO, Li-xia DU, Wei HAN. Identification of fungal diseases and factors influencing disease index in oat （Avena sativa） crops in the Datong region of Shanxi Province， China[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(6): 82-93.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1 Field of early sowing oats under different planting and management patterns from Datong in Shanxi

Fig. 2 Inoculating device of pathogenic fungi in vitro (a) and vivo (b)

Fig. 3 Disease symptoms of oat leaves in cultivate field from Datong in Shanxi

Fig. 4 Morphological characteristics of the pathogen of oat disease from Datong in Shanxi

Fig. 5 Symptoms of oat leaf spot (a), leaf streak (b), stem rust (c) and control (d) by inoculating isolate on detached oat leaves

Fig. 6 Symptoms of oat leaf spot (a), leaf streak (b), stem rust (c) and control (d) by inoculating isolate on living plants

Fig. 7 Disease index of leaf spot, leaf streak and stem rust under monoculture and flooding irrigation (A), monoculture and sprinkling irrigation (B), mixture and flooding irrigation (C), respectively, from Datong in Shanxi

Fig. 8 Density of oat, community coverage and soil nutrient of monoculture and flooding irrigation (A), monoculture and sprinkling irrigation (B), mixture and flooding irrigation (C), respectively, from Datong in Shanxi

Table 1 Spearman’s rank correlation matrix between the disease index and oat density, community coverage and soil nutrient from Datong in Shanxi

项目 Item	条斑病病情指数Streak disease index	秆锈病病情指数Stem rust index	喷灌 Sprinkling irrigation	燕麦密度 Oat density	群落盖度Community coverage	速效氮 Available nitrogen	有效磷 Available phosphorus	速效钾Available potassium
叶枯病病情指数Leaf spot disease index	0.1608	0.0870	0.2048	0.9231*	0.4974	0.6294*	0.0350	-0.5594*
条斑病病情指数Leaf streak disease index		0.1110	0.8194*	0.2797	0.3713	0.2168	0.0490	0.1958
秆锈病病情指数Stem rust index			0.8547*	0.2482	0.4444	0.7024*	0.0521	0.2417
喷灌Sprinkling irrigation				0.3073	0.5130	0.3073	-0.3073	0.0512
燕麦密度Oat density					0.5604*	0.4965	0.0280	-0.5385
群落盖度Community coverage						0.4694	-0.3398	-0.6725
速效氮Available nitrogen							0.1539	-0.4126
有效磷Available phosphorus								0.1329

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