Effects of swamp meadow degradation on soil nitrogen invertase activity in wet areas of Gahai

doi:10.11686/cyxb2022075

Abstract

Abstract:

This study explored the effects of degradation of alpine wetlands on soil nitrogen invertase activities. Four swamp meadows exhibiting different degrees of degradation ［non-degraded （ND）， lightly degraded （LD）， moderately degraded （MD） and heavily degraded （HD）］ in the wet areas of the Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were selected for study and data on the distribution characteristics of soil nitrogen invertase （protease， urease， nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase） in 0-40 cm soil horizon were collected and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties was ascertained. It was found that： 1） With increasing swamp meadow degradation， the soil moisture content， total nitrogen， ammonium nitrogen and microbial biomass nitrogen content were significantly reduced， but the soil temperature and nitrate nitrogen content were significantly increased. 2） As the degree of degradation increased， the soil urease activity increased and the protease activity decreased in each soil layer， but the changes were statistically significant only in the 20-40 cm soil horizon. The nitrate reductase activity increased and the nitrite reductase activity decreased， and there were significant differences in the 0-20 cm soil horizons. 3） The activities of soil urease， protease， and nitrite reductase for each meadow degradation status category all decreased significantly with increasing soil depth， while the nitrate reductase activity decreased significantly only in HD. 4） The activities of all four soil nitrogen converting enzymes varied with degradation status and soil depth， and a there was a significant interaction between degradation status and soil depth for soil nitrate and nitrite reductase activities. 5） Redundancy analysis showed that soil water content accounted for 67.1% to the change in soil nitrogen invertase activity， and was thus the dominant factor driving changes in soil nitrogen invertase activity across the degradation succession of Gahai. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for defining the pattern of change in soil enzyme activity at different stages in the degradation of alpine wetland ecosystems.

Key words: Gahai wetland, swamp meadow, degradation, nitrogen invertase activity

Wen-hua CHANG, Wei-wei MA, Guang LI, Guo-rong XU, Yong-chun LONG. Effects of swamp meadow degradation on soil nitrogen invertase activity in wet areas of Gahai[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(2): 54-64.

Figures/Tables 7

References 43

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样地 Sample plot	植被种类 Vegetation type	植被盖度 Coverage （%）	高度 Height （cm）	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass （g·cm^-2）	基本情况 Basic conditions
HD	地表仅有零星植被存在，风蚀严重。 Only sporadic vegetation exists on the surface， and wind erosion is serious.
ND	藏嵩草 K. tibetica、蕨麻 P. anserina、早熟禾 P. annua	96.25±5.32A	16.71±2.98A	355.90±174.64A	枯落物和根系较多，有较浅的季节性积水。Lots of litter and roots， with shallow seasonal standing water.
LD	青藏苔草 C. moorcroftii、蕨麻P. anserina、棘豆 O. falcata	86.34±7.36B	13.02±2.24B	293.02±143.93B	有少量裸露，无积水。There is a small amount of dew， no standing water.
MD	矮生嵩草 Kobresia humilis、冷蒿 A. frigida、兰石草 L. tibetica	45.33±13.34C	7.43±0.97C	185.73±134.90C	植物种类较少，且出现一些毒草，地表轻微风蚀。There are few plant species， and some poisonous weeds appear， and the surface is slightly eroded by wind.

样地 Sample plot	植被种类 Vegetation type	植被盖度 Coverage （%）	高度 Height （cm）	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass （g·cm^-2）	基本情况 Basic conditions
HD	地表仅有零星植被存在，风蚀严重。 Only sporadic vegetation exists on the surface， and wind erosion is serious.
ND	藏嵩草 K. tibetica、蕨麻 P. anserina、早熟禾 P. annua	96.25±5.32A	16.71±2.98A	355.90±174.64A	枯落物和根系较多，有较浅的季节性积水。Lots of litter and roots， with shallow seasonal standing water.
LD	青藏苔草 C. moorcroftii、蕨麻P. anserina、棘豆 O. falcata	86.34±7.36B	13.02±2.24B	293.02±143.93B	有少量裸露，无积水。There is a small amount of dew， no standing water.
MD	矮生嵩草 Kobresia humilis、冷蒿 A. frigida、兰石草 L. tibetica	45.33±13.34C	7.43±0.97C	185.73±134.90C	植物种类较少，且出现一些毒草，地表轻微风蚀。There are few plant species， and some poisonous weeds appear， and the surface is slightly eroded by wind.

土层深度 Soil depth （cm）	样地 Sample plot	含水量 Moisture （m³·m^-3）	温度 Temperature （℃）	全氮 Total nitrogen （g·kg^-1）	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N （mg·kg^-1）	硝态氮 NO₃^--N （mg·kg^-1）	微生物生物量氮 MBN （mg·kg^-1）
0~10	ND	0.48±0.00Aa	12.48±0.07Da	4.24±0.38Aa	12.59±1.29Aa	1.49±0.20Bb	49.43±4.13Aa
	LD	0.40±0.00Ba	13.80±0.04Ca	3.53±0.08Ba	10.09±0.65Aa	3.18±0.21Ba	22.62±4.45Ca
	MD	0.27±0.00Cc	14.37±0.03Ba	3.06±0.09Ba	6.65±1.15Ba	6.15±1.81ABa	39.09±3.32Ba
	HD	0.10±0.00Da	15.40±0.06Aa	2.16±0.04Ca	5.48±0.48Ba	10.52±3.20Aa	25.71±4.35Ca
10~20	ND	0.44±0.00Ab	12.28±0.04Ca	3.15±0.26Ab	6.74±1.47Ab	0.96±0.10Bb	33.96±3.95Aab
	LD	0.34±0.01Bb	13.47±0.03Ba	2.95±0.18ABb	6.65±0.61Ab	2.77±1.38Ba	18.56±1.22Aa
	MD	0.30±0.00Cb	13.58±0.02Bb	2.43±0.20BCb	5.95±1.82Aa	8.60±1.33Aa	22.68±8.04Aab
	HD	0.09±0.00Db	14.61±0.02Ab	1.96±0.06Cb	6.41±1.74Aa	9.65±2.73Aa	19.93±4.50Aa
20~40	ND	0.35±0.00Ab	11.60±0.01Cb	2.70±0.11Ab	6.47±0.56Ab	3.47±0.41Ca	21.77±6.30Ab
	LD	0.43±0.00Ba	12.53±0.02Bb	2.50±0.16Ab	6.18±1.06Ab	3.59±1.01Ca	18.70±4.02Aa
	MD	0.34±0.00Ca	12.51±0.01Bc	1.83±0.14Bc	3.50±0.61Bb	8.31±0.63Ba	19.47±1.49Ab
	HD	0.11±0.00Da	13.64±0.02Ac	1.98±0.04Bb	2.68±0.32Bb	11.05±0.46Aa	16.11±0.80Aa
0~40	ND	0.45±0.00A	12.12±0.01C	3.37±0.15A	8.60±0.33A	1.97±0.22B	35.05±4.13A
	LD	0.36±0.01B	13.27±0.02B	2.99±0.11B	7.64±0.18A	3.18±0.38B	20.58±2.82C
	MD	0.27±0.00C	13.49±0.02B	2.44±0.01C	5.36±0.92B	7.69±0.79A	27.08±2.50B
	HD	0.10±0.00D	14.56±0.02A	2.03±0.02D	4.86±0.80B	10.42±2.04A	19.96±2.66C

土层深度 Soil depth （cm）	样地 Sample plot	含水量 Moisture （m³·m^-3）	温度 Temperature （℃）	全氮 Total nitrogen （g·kg^-1）	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N （mg·kg^-1）	硝态氮 NO₃^--N （mg·kg^-1）	微生物生物量氮 MBN （mg·kg^-1）
0~10	ND	0.48±0.00Aa	12.48±0.07Da	4.24±0.38Aa	12.59±1.29Aa	1.49±0.20Bb	49.43±4.13Aa
	LD	0.40±0.00Ba	13.80±0.04Ca	3.53±0.08Ba	10.09±0.65Aa	3.18±0.21Ba	22.62±4.45Ca
	MD	0.27±0.00Cc	14.37±0.03Ba	3.06±0.09Ba	6.65±1.15Ba	6.15±1.81ABa	39.09±3.32Ba
	HD	0.10±0.00Da	15.40±0.06Aa	2.16±0.04Ca	5.48±0.48Ba	10.52±3.20Aa	25.71±4.35Ca
10~20	ND	0.44±0.00Ab	12.28±0.04Ca	3.15±0.26Ab	6.74±1.47Ab	0.96±0.10Bb	33.96±3.95Aab
	LD	0.34±0.01Bb	13.47±0.03Ba	2.95±0.18ABb	6.65±0.61Ab	2.77±1.38Ba	18.56±1.22Aa
	MD	0.30±0.00Cb	13.58±0.02Bb	2.43±0.20BCb	5.95±1.82Aa	8.60±1.33Aa	22.68±8.04Aab
	HD	0.09±0.00Db	14.61±0.02Ab	1.96±0.06Cb	6.41±1.74Aa	9.65±2.73Aa	19.93±4.50Aa
20~40	ND	0.35±0.00Ab	11.60±0.01Cb	2.70±0.11Ab	6.47±0.56Ab	3.47±0.41Ca	21.77±6.30Ab
	LD	0.43±0.00Ba	12.53±0.02Bb	2.50±0.16Ab	6.18±1.06Ab	3.59±1.01Ca	18.70±4.02Aa
	MD	0.34±0.00Ca	12.51±0.01Bc	1.83±0.14Bc	3.50±0.61Bb	8.31±0.63Ba	19.47±1.49Ab
	HD	0.11±0.00Da	13.64±0.02Ac	1.98±0.04Bb	2.68±0.32Bb	11.05±0.46Aa	16.11±0.80Aa
0~40	ND	0.45±0.00A	12.12±0.01C	3.37±0.15A	8.60±0.33A	1.97±0.22B	35.05±4.13A
	LD	0.36±0.01B	13.27±0.02B	2.99±0.11B	7.64±0.18A	3.18±0.38B	20.58±2.82C
	MD	0.27±0.00C	13.49±0.02B	2.44±0.01C	5.36±0.92B	7.69±0.79A	27.08±2.50B
	HD	0.10±0.00D	14.56±0.02A	2.03±0.02D	4.86±0.80B	10.42±2.04A	19.96±2.66C

因素 Factor	自由度 df	土壤脲酶活性URE		土壤蛋白酶活性PRO		土壤硝酸还原酶活性NR		土壤亚硝酸还原酶活性NIR
因素 Factor	自由度 df	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
退化程度Degradation degree	3	16.815	<0.001	14.550	<0.001	229.454	<0.001	28.747	<0.001
土层深度Soil depth	2	37.007	<0.001	165.988	<0.001	15.041	<0.001	69.107	<0.001
退化×土层Degradation degree×soil depth	6	1.166	0.357	0.045	0.868	26.295	<0.001	5.578	0.001