Relationship between plasticity and invasiveness in the anatomical structure of the fine roots of the invasive species Xanthium strumarium

doi:10.11686/cyxb2022240

Abstract

Abstract:

Fine roots affect plant growth because they are an important organ for the absorption of groundwater and nitrogen. Plant growth can be supported by adjustments in the morphology and anatomy of fine roots under different environmental conditions. The great majority of invasive plants are dominant species in the community. The aim of this study was to explore whether the root anatomical structure of an invasive plant allows it to acquire more resources compared with a native species. Therefore， we compared the effects of different water and nitrogen treatments on anatomical structure between the invasive species， Xanthium strumarium， and a native species， Xanthium sibiricum. Paraffin sections were used to study various functional traits such as root diameter， cortical thickness， stele diameter， and the aerenchyma area of fine roots formed in different growth environments. The results showed that the aerenchyma area was wider in X. strumarium than in X. sibiricum. Under high-resource conditions， the root diameter of X. strumarium was smaller than that of X. sibiricum. Under sufficient nitrogen conditions， the cortex was thinner and the endodermis and xylem were smaller in X. strumarium than in X. sibiricum under excess water conditions， but under sufficient water conditions， the total xylem area was smaller in X.strumarium than in X. sibiricum. The above results indicate that the plasticity of the aerenchyma and cortical structures is a major factor affecting the anatomical structure of X.strumarium， and the plasticity of the anatomical structure of the root is relatively stable in response to a heterogeneous environment. The anatomical structural plasticity of X.strumarium confers growth advantages in various environments. Compared with X. sibiricum， X.strumarium has fine roots with more highly evolved anatomical structure and plasticity. This is an important factor in its efficient invasion strategy of high underground resource use with a low consumption cost.

Key words: invasive plant, Xanthium strumarium, fine roots, paraffin section, structural plasticity

Mei-shan CHEN, Xian CHEN, Xiao-zhen MAN, Chuang LIU, Jia-lin TONG, Bo QU. Relationship between plasticity and invasiveness in the anatomical structure of the fine roots of the invasive species Xanthium strumarium[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(5): 118-126.

Figures/Tables 7

References 32

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指标Parameter	低氮低水0	高氮低水N	低氮高水W	高氮高水NW
根直径Root diameter （μm）	794.03±51.96ab	862.52±72.63a	746.92±76.52b	856.32±115.22a
皮层厚度Cortical thickness （μm）	146.37±18.27b	196.80±35.87a	156.17±35.07b	165.76±36.37b
中柱直径Stele diameter （μm）	412.23±37.77a	367.68±93.30a	382.62±55.79a	382.62±55.79a
内皮层厚度Endodermis thickness （μm）	21.53±3.48c	22.99±3.27c	30.78±6.79b	41.40±8.37a
导管直径Xylem diameter （μm）	22.70±5.14b	21.85±5.01b	28.00±5.70a	24.29±7.53ab
总气腔面积Total aerenchyma area （μm²）	43210.20±8782.19a	47946.31±27169.54a	58218.06±13587.42a	52994.21±26575.90a

指标Parameter	低氮低水0	高氮低水N	低氮高水W	高氮高水NW
根直径Root diameter （μm）	794.03±51.96ab	862.52±72.63a	746.92±76.52b	856.32±115.22a
皮层厚度Cortical thickness （μm）	146.37±18.27b	196.80±35.87a	156.17±35.07b	165.76±36.37b
中柱直径Stele diameter （μm）	412.23±37.77a	367.68±93.30a	382.62±55.79a	382.62±55.79a
内皮层厚度Endodermis thickness （μm）	21.53±3.48c	22.99±3.27c	30.78±6.79b	41.40±8.37a
导管直径Xylem diameter （μm）	22.70±5.14b	21.85±5.01b	28.00±5.70a	24.29±7.53ab
总气腔面积Total aerenchyma area （μm²）	43210.20±8782.19a	47946.31±27169.54a	58218.06±13587.42a	52994.21±26575.90a

指标Parameter	低氮低水0	高氮低水N	低氮高水W	高氮高水NW
根直径Root diameter （μm）	672.84±21.96b	838.60±30.50a	799.80±111.06a	797.11±95.68a
皮层厚度Cortical thickness （μm）	142.75±11.53b	134.66±12.18bc	108.92±38.58c	207.80±15.67a
中柱直径Stele diameter （μm）	277.32±13.07b	499.38±11.70a	286.81±59.77b	487.18±7.36a
内皮层厚度Endodermis thickness （μm）	15.53±2.42b	30.01±8.51a	26.73±6.49a	31.31±3.08a
导管直径Xylem diameter （μm）	19.98±2.45b	27.40±6.02a	19.46±5.70b	28.50±7.22a
总气腔面积Total aerenchyma area （μm²）	10559.00±4730.09b	13310.83±11451.76b	19912.83±1320.78b	634486.33±22933.79a

指标Parameter	低氮低水0	高氮低水N	低氮高水W	高氮高水NW
根直径Root diameter （μm）	672.84±21.96b	838.60±30.50a	799.80±111.06a	797.11±95.68a
皮层厚度Cortical thickness （μm）	142.75±11.53b	134.66±12.18bc	108.92±38.58c	207.80±15.67a
中柱直径Stele diameter （μm）	277.32±13.07b	499.38±11.70a	286.81±59.77b	487.18±7.36a
内皮层厚度Endodermis thickness （μm）	15.53±2.42b	30.01±8.51a	26.73±6.49a	31.31±3.08a
导管直径Xylem diameter （μm）	19.98±2.45b	27.40±6.02a	19.46±5.70b	28.50±7.22a
总气腔面积Total aerenchyma area （μm²）	10559.00±4730.09b	13310.83±11451.76b	19912.83±1320.78b	634486.33±22933.79a

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