Effects of co-sowing of Artemisia wellbyi and perennial grasses on the characteristics of vegetation and soil fungal communities in desertified grasslands in Tibet

doi:10.11686/cyxb2022356

Abstract

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal proportion of plant species when using mixed-sowing for restoration of desertified grasslands on the Tibetan plateau and for improving the ecological effects of vegetation and soil during restoration. Artificial restoration experimental plots were established in the sandy grasslands of Tibet for this study. Seeds of the native Tibetan species Artemisia wellbyi and the perennial grass species Elymus nutans and Agropyron trachycaulhum were mixed at different proportions ［AG₁ （4∶1∶2）， AG₂ （4∶2∶1） and AG₃ （5∶1∶1）］ and sown at the experimental plots. The controls were unrestored sandy bare ground as the desertified control （CK） and natural grassland （NG） under in situ conditions. Three years after establishing these plots， the vegetation biomass and soil physical and chemical indexes were determined， and ITS sequencing technology and FUNGuild function prediction methods were used to characterize the community structure and functions of soil fungi. The main findings can be summarized as follows： 1） Compared with the control （unrestored sandy land）， the restoration treatments increased the above-ground plant biomass （AGB） and below-ground biomass （BGB） by more than three times， and significantly increased soil water content （WC）， and the contents of organic matter （OM）， alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen （AN）， available phosphorus （AP）， and available potassium （AK） in soil （P<0.05）. 2） The soil fungal community structure and diversity varied among the three replanting treatments. The AG₃ treatment had the highest soil fungal diversity and its fungal community structure was most similar to that of natural grassland. 3） There were significant differences in the abundance of Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota in soil between the restoration treatments and natural grassland （P<0.05）. The results of a redundancy analysis showed that BGB， AN， AP and pH were the main environmental factors affecting the horizontal community structure of the soil fungal phyla. The relative abundance of Basidiomycota was positively correlated with BGB and pH， and the relative abundance of Mortierellomycota was positively correlated with BGB， AN， and AP. 4） Based on FUNGuild functional predictions， three trophic functional groups （saprophytic， pathogenic， and symbiotic fungi） and five cross-trophic functional groups were detected in all soil samples. Pathogenic， saprophytic， pathogenic-saprophytic， pathogenic-saprophytic， and symbiotic trophic types were dominant. These results show that replanting with A. wellbyi and the perennial grasses E. nutans and A. trachycaulhum can increase plant biomass and restore desertified soil. Under these conditions， the restoration treatment with the best effect on soil nutrients and fungal abundance was sowing with a 5∶1∶1 mixture of A. wellbyi， E. nutans， and A. trachycaulhum seeds.

Key words: ecological restoration, soil nutrients, soil fungal communities, high-throughput sequencing

Huan LIU, Kai DONG, Zeng-wangdui REN, Jing-long WANG, Yun-fei LIU, Gui-qin ZHAO. Effects of co-sowing of Artemisia wellbyi and perennial grasses on the characteristics of vegetation and soil fungal communities in desertified grasslands in Tibet[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(6): 45-57.

Figures/Tables 13

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样地 Sample plot	混播比例 Mixed ratio	总播种量 Sowing amount （g·m^-2）
CK	未修复沙化草地 Unrestored sandy grassland	0
NG	天然草地Natural grassland	0
AG₁	4︰1︰2	1.479
AG₂	4︰2︰1	1.479
AG₃	5︰1︰1	1.286

样地 Sample plot	混播比例 Mixed ratio	总播种量 Sowing amount （g·m^-2）
CK	未修复沙化草地 Unrestored sandy grassland	0
NG	天然草地Natural grassland	0
AG₁	4︰1︰2	1.479
AG₂	4︰2︰1	1.479
AG₃	5︰1︰1	1.286

样地Sample plot	Chao1指数Chao1 index	物种数目Observed species	Shannon指数Shannon index	Simpson指数Simpson index
CK	520.61±74.76a	515.67±71.49a	6.52±0.40ab	0.97±0.009a
AG₁	454.54±81.48a	453.00±81.90a	4.92±0.89b	0.86±0.056b
AG₂	441.33±62.44a	440.00±62.55a	5.31±0.34b	0.91±0.009ab
AG₃	581.46±43.14a	580.00±42.67a	7.07±0.27a	0.98±0.008a
NG	471.12±13.94a	466.67±12.02a	5.55±0.04ab	0.93±0.003ab

样地Sample plot	Chao1指数Chao1 index	物种数目Observed species	Shannon指数Shannon index	Simpson指数Simpson index
CK	520.61±74.76a	515.67±71.49a	6.52±0.40ab	0.97±0.009a
AG₁	454.54±81.48a	453.00±81.90a	4.92±0.89b	0.86±0.056b
AG₂	441.33±62.44a	440.00±62.55a	5.31±0.34b	0.91±0.009ab
AG₃	581.46±43.14a	580.00±42.67a	7.07±0.27a	0.98±0.008a
NG	471.12±13.94a	466.67±12.02a	5.55±0.04ab	0.93±0.003ab

指标 Index	解释度 Explains （%）	贡献率 Contribution （%）	F	P
BGB	32.8	38.8	6.3	0.006
AN	23.4	27.7	6.4	0.002
AP	10.8	12.8	3.6	0.028
pH	8.8	10.4	3.6	0.016
AGB	4.0	4.7	1.8	0.176
R/S	1.3	1.5	0.5	0.686
WC	1.5	1.8	0.6	0.630
OM	1.3	1.5	0.5	0.666
AK	0.7	0.9	0.2	0.852