Distribution characteristics and ecological function predictions of soil bacterial communities in rainfed alfalfa fields on the Loess Plateau

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020381

Abstract

Abstract:

A field study was conducted to investigate crop land and alfalfa land established for different lenghths of time ment years （L₂₀₀₃， L₂₀₀₅ and L₂₀₁₂） on soil bacterial communities and ecological function prediction. Soil bacterial communities were identified by high-throughput sequencing 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to explore the structure and diversity of bacterial communities under three treatments， and statistical methods （such as redundancy analysis） were used to explore the relationship between soil physical and chemical properties and bacterial community structure and diversity. PICRUSt software was applied to predict the ecological function of soil bacterial communities present in different treatments. The results indicated that the predominant taxa at the phylum level are Actinobacteria， Proteobacteria， Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi of bacteria in loess soil， comprising 20.34%-32.40%， 18.99%-23.14%， 12.50%-13.39%， and 11.41%-12.55% of the microbial population， respectively. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria， Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi was higher in farmland soil than in alfalfa soil. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria showed a decreasing trend with increase in the stand age， and the relative abundance ofProteobacteria and Chlorophyta initially increased and then decreased with increasing stand age. The relative abundance of Acidobacteria did not differ significantly between farmland and alfalfa soil. The dominant bacterial genera of this loess soil were Gaiella， Nitrospira， Pseudarthrobacter and Solirubrobacter， which comprised 0.65%-3.33%， 1.52%-2.34%， 1.36%-2.61% and 1.03%-2.24%， respectively， of the microbial population. Compared with farmland， the relative abundance of the Solirubrobacter genus was significantly increased in alfalfa land. Redundancy analysis showed that soil total phosphorus is the main factor affecting the soil bacterial community structure. PICRUSt function prediction analysis indicates that the bacterial microbiota of the loessial soil has a total of 46 sub-functions， of which metabolism is the most important function， accounting for 69.20% to 70.22% of activity. Soil metabolism， genetic information processing， and biological system functional gene abundance of alfalfa soils were significantly higher than those in farmland soil， and these characteristics were specifically reflected in carbohydrate metabolism， exogenous substance degradation and metabolism， terpenoid and ketone metabolism， endocrine system， nervous system and substance dependent functional genes. This study emphasizes the bacterial community structure and metabolic function in loessial soil and the findings provide a strategy to enhance the sustainability of alfalfa fields through soil microbial community management.

Key words: Medicago sativa, high-throughput sequencing, bacterial community structure, function prediction with PICRUSt

Xin MA, Zhu-zhu LUO, Yao-quan ZHANG, Jia-he LIU, Yi-ning NIU, Li-qun CAI. Distribution characteristics and ecological function predictions of soil bacterial communities in rainfed alfalfa fields on the Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(3): 54-67.

Figures/Tables 8

References 56

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处理 Treatments	全氮 TN (g·kg^-1)	土壤有机碳 SOC （g·kg^-1)	全磷 TP (g·kg^-1)	硝态氮 NO₃^--N （mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 AP （mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 AK （mg·kg^-1）	pH
农田Farmland	0.84±0.08c	8.28±0.70b	0.86±0.06a	32.98±8.49a	6.67±0.42a	201.27±9.26a	8.30±0.08c
L₂₀₀₃	1.18±0.00a	10.06±0.05a	0.72±0.01b	12.97±0.72b	0.98±0.16c	200.77±20.01a	8.64±0.02ab
L₂₀₀₅	1.14±0.04ab	9.94±0.20a	0.77±0.01b	10.85±0.10b	2.87±0.59b	233.90±8.96a	8.75±0.01a
L₂₀₁₂	1.02±0.03b	8.24±0.14b	0.76±0.01b	8.12±0.45b	3.21±0.15b	214.86±11.77a	8.57±0.02b

处理 Treatments	全氮 TN (g·kg^-1)	土壤有机碳 SOC （g·kg^-1)	全磷 TP (g·kg^-1)	硝态氮 NO₃^--N （mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 AP （mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 AK （mg·kg^-1）	pH
农田Farmland	0.84±0.08c	8.28±0.70b	0.86±0.06a	32.98±8.49a	6.67±0.42a	201.27±9.26a	8.30±0.08c
L₂₀₀₃	1.18±0.00a	10.06±0.05a	0.72±0.01b	12.97±0.72b	0.98±0.16c	200.77±20.01a	8.64±0.02ab
L₂₀₀₅	1.14±0.04ab	9.94±0.20a	0.77±0.01b	10.85±0.10b	2.87±0.59b	233.90±8.96a	8.75±0.01a
L₂₀₁₂	1.02±0.03b	8.24±0.14b	0.76±0.01b	8.12±0.45b	3.21±0.15b	214.86±11.77a	8.57±0.02b

菌属 Bacteria genus	农田Farmland	L₂₀₀₃	L₂₀₀₅	L₂₀₁₂	菌属 Bacteria genus	农田Farmland	L₂₀₀₃	L₂₀₀₅	L₂₀₁₂
norank_c__Acidobacteria	9.37a	8.95a	8.89a	8.43a	norank_f__MSB-1E8	1.10a	1.15a	1.16a	1.22a
norank_o__Gaiellales	2.03a	2.98a	3.22a	5.23a	norank_c__Gitt-GS-136	0.49b	0.85ab	0.89ab	1.23a
norank_c__Actinobacteria	2.00a	2.25a	2.62a	4.50a	norank_o__Acidimicrobiales	0.72b	1.21a	1.22a	1.25a
norank_f__Gemmatimonadaceae	3.45a	3.27a	3.16a	4.15a	H16	1.28a	0.80b	0.78b	0.95b
unclassified_k__norank	6.01a	3.09b	3.81b	3.58b	微枝形杆菌属 Microvirga	1.45a	1.79a	1.97a	1.47a
Gaiella	1.65a	2.57a	2.73a	3.33a	芽球菌属 Blastococcus	0.99b	2.08a	1.73ab	1.37ab
norank_o__JG30-KF-CM45	3.59a	3.59a	3.46a	2.60a	norank_c__P2-11E	0.45a	0.51a	0.54a	0.92a
硝化螺菌属 Nitrospira	1.81a	1.52a	1.61a	2.34a	类诺卡氏菌属 Nocardioides	0.72b	1.79a	1.77a	1.26ab
norank_f__Nitrosomonadaceae	1.94a	1.74a	1.78a	2.30a	norank_f__288-2	0.85a	0.87a	0.72a	1.11a
芽孢杆菌属 Bacillus	1.94a	1.10a	1.01a	1.42a	norank_f__Elev-16S-1332	0.53b	0.96a	1.12a	1.01a
norank_f__Tepidisphaeraceae	2.15a	2.44a	2.29a	1.90a	norank_c__TK10	1.07a	1.31a	1.42a	1.01a
norank_f__Planctomycetaceae	1.35b	1.73ab	1.94a	1.72ab	RB41	1.15a	1.25a	0.93a	1.17a
norank_f__0319-6M6	1.04b	1.73a	1.59a	1.77a	norank_p__Armatimonadetes	1.15a	0.97ab	0.92ab	0.78b
Solirubrobacter	1.03c	2.02ab	2.24a	1.66b	Pir4_lineage	1.32a	0.40b	0.45b	0.50b
norank_f__Anaerolineaceae	2.01a	1.00b	1.11b	1.42b	norank_f__Cytophagaceae	1.26a	0.62b	0.59b	0.33b
norank_c__KD4-96	0.90b	1.37a	1.46a	1.42a	溶杆菌属 Lysobacter	1.06a	0.18b	0.31b	0.16b
链霉菌属 Streptomyces	1.50a	1.61a	1.21a	1.11a	其他Others	39.26a	37.67a	37.62a	33.88a
假节杆菌属 Pseudarthrobacter	1.36a	2.61a	1.73a	1.49a

菌属 Bacteria genus	农田Farmland	L₂₀₀₃	L₂₀₀₅	L₂₀₁₂	菌属 Bacteria genus	农田Farmland	L₂₀₀₃	L₂₀₀₅	L₂₀₁₂
norank_c__Acidobacteria	9.37a	8.95a	8.89a	8.43a	norank_f__MSB-1E8	1.10a	1.15a	1.16a	1.22a
norank_o__Gaiellales	2.03a	2.98a	3.22a	5.23a	norank_c__Gitt-GS-136	0.49b	0.85ab	0.89ab	1.23a
norank_c__Actinobacteria	2.00a	2.25a	2.62a	4.50a	norank_o__Acidimicrobiales	0.72b	1.21a	1.22a	1.25a
norank_f__Gemmatimonadaceae	3.45a	3.27a	3.16a	4.15a	H16	1.28a	0.80b	0.78b	0.95b
unclassified_k__norank	6.01a	3.09b	3.81b	3.58b	微枝形杆菌属 Microvirga	1.45a	1.79a	1.97a	1.47a
Gaiella	1.65a	2.57a	2.73a	3.33a	芽球菌属 Blastococcus	0.99b	2.08a	1.73ab	1.37ab
norank_o__JG30-KF-CM45	3.59a	3.59a	3.46a	2.60a	norank_c__P2-11E	0.45a	0.51a	0.54a	0.92a
硝化螺菌属 Nitrospira	1.81a	1.52a	1.61a	2.34a	类诺卡氏菌属 Nocardioides	0.72b	1.79a	1.77a	1.26ab
norank_f__Nitrosomonadaceae	1.94a	1.74a	1.78a	2.30a	norank_f__288-2	0.85a	0.87a	0.72a	1.11a
芽孢杆菌属 Bacillus	1.94a	1.10a	1.01a	1.42a	norank_f__Elev-16S-1332	0.53b	0.96a	1.12a	1.01a
norank_f__Tepidisphaeraceae	2.15a	2.44a	2.29a	1.90a	norank_c__TK10	1.07a	1.31a	1.42a	1.01a
norank_f__Planctomycetaceae	1.35b	1.73ab	1.94a	1.72ab	RB41	1.15a	1.25a	0.93a	1.17a
norank_f__0319-6M6	1.04b	1.73a	1.59a	1.77a	norank_p__Armatimonadetes	1.15a	0.97ab	0.92ab	0.78b
Solirubrobacter	1.03c	2.02ab	2.24a	1.66b	Pir4_lineage	1.32a	0.40b	0.45b	0.50b
norank_f__Anaerolineaceae	2.01a	1.00b	1.11b	1.42b	norank_f__Cytophagaceae	1.26a	0.62b	0.59b	0.33b
norank_c__KD4-96	0.90b	1.37a	1.46a	1.42a	溶杆菌属 Lysobacter	1.06a	0.18b	0.31b	0.16b
链霉菌属 Streptomyces	1.50a	1.61a	1.21a	1.11a	其他Others	39.26a	37.67a	37.62a	33.88a
假节杆菌属 Pseudarthrobacter	1.36a	2.61a	1.73a	1.49a

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