Effects of different mixed planting ratios on vegetation and soil characteristics of sown pasture in the Sanjiangyuan region

doi:10.11686/cyxb2021243

Abstract

Abstract:

Establishing pastures by cultivation and sowing a mixture of perennial grass species is an effective measure to restore degraded grassland in the black soil zone of the Sanjiangyuan region. However， the changes in vegetation and soil nutrient characteristics under different mixed planting ratios are still unclear. Therefore， in the current study， Elymus nutans， Festuca sinensis and Poa pratensis cv. Qinghai were used to establish mixed swards at the rates of 1∶1∶1 （M₄）， 2∶1∶1 （M₅）， 1∶2∶1 （M₆）， 1∶1∶2 （M₇）， 2∶2∶1 （M₈）， 2∶1∶2 （M₉） and 1∶2∶2 （M₁₀）（the seed mixture ratios were calculated by weight of seed）. A monoculture of each component species was used as the control. The monoculture seeding rates of E. nutans， F. sinensis and P. pratensis cv. Qinghai were 30， 20 and 10 kg·ha^-1， respectively. We measured the differences in productivity， species diversity， the transgressive overyielding effect， net effect of biodiversity （composed of a complementarity effect and a selection effect） and soil nutrients in the different mixed planting ratios. The multi-criteria decision model TOPSIS was used for multivariate data evaluation to identify the best performing mixed planting ratio. It was found that aboveground biomass in the all seven mixed planting treatments were significantly higher than in the F. sinensis and P. pratensis cv. Qinghai monoculture treatments， but significantly lower than in the monoculture of E. nutans. The highest aboveground biomass among the mixed swards was found in the M₅， M₈， M₉ and M₁₀ treatments. However， there was no significant difference in underground biomass among the seven mixed species swards sown. In the mixed treatments， only M₅， M₈， M₉ and M₁₀ treatments had over yielding， which ranged from 40.4-71.1 g·m^–2. The net effect of biodiversity of M₄ and M₆ treatments were all less than 0， indicating that species competition in the community led to a decrease of community yield. However， the net effect of biodiversity of M₇-M₁₀ treatments were all greater than 0， indicating that the niche complementarity of species led to an increase of community yield. In the M₈ and M₉ treatments， the complementary and selection effects jointly contributed to the over yielding， while in M₅ and M₁₀ treatments， only the complementary effect was important and dominated the over yielding. The highest values of the content of organic matter， total nitrogen， total phosphorus， available phosphorus and available potassium in the topsoil were found in the M₆， M₇ and M₁₀ treatments. The multivariate data evaluation with the TOPSIS model showed that the M₁₀ treatment not only maintained high productivity and transgressive over yielding， but also significantly improved the soil nutrient status. This mixture is therefore recommended for the establishment of sown pasture in the Sanjiangyuan region.

Key words: artificial grassland, mixed planting ratio, productivity, transgressive overyielding effect, soil nutrients, Sanjiangyuan region

Wen LI, Ting-hu WEI, Yongcuobazhan, Cairentaci, Yu-hai ZHOU, Yan-ping ZHANG, Wen-hao LI, Wei-xing GUO. Effects of different mixed planting ratios on vegetation and soil characteristics of sown pasture in the Sanjiangyuan region[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(12): 39-48.

Figures/Tables 9

References 33

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物种Species	S₁	S₂	S₃	M₄	M₅	M₆	M₇	M₈	M₉	M₁₀
垂穗披碱草E. nutans	0.894			0.357	0.427	0.358	0.349	0.427	0.415	0.282
中华羊茅 F. sinensis		0.859		0.276	0.276	0.315	0.268	0.291	0.235	0.364
青海草地早熟禾P. pratensis cv. Qinghai			0.853	0.261	0.206	0.240	0.295	0.188	0.262	0.259
鹅绒委陵菜P. anserina	0.028	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.049	0.045	0.052		0.055
多裂委陵菜P. multifida	0.036	0.046	0.051		0.041			0.053
细叶亚菊A. tenuifolia	0.042		0.046
狗娃花Heteropappus hispidus		0.044		0.056		0.042
蒲公英T. mongolicum								0.041
独一味L. rotata									0.033	0.057
小大黄R. pumilum							0.036			0.039
合计Total	4	4	4	5	5	5	5	5	5	5

物种Species	S₁	S₂	S₃	M₄	M₅	M₆	M₇	M₈	M₉	M₁₀
垂穗披碱草E. nutans	0.894			0.357	0.427	0.358	0.349	0.427	0.415	0.282
中华羊茅 F. sinensis		0.859		0.276	0.276	0.315	0.268	0.291	0.235	0.364
青海草地早熟禾P. pratensis cv. Qinghai			0.853	0.261	0.206	0.240	0.295	0.188	0.262	0.259
鹅绒委陵菜P. anserina	0.028	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.049	0.045	0.052		0.055
多裂委陵菜P. multifida	0.036	0.046	0.051		0.041			0.053
细叶亚菊A. tenuifolia	0.042		0.046
狗娃花Heteropappus hispidus		0.044		0.056		0.042
蒲公英T. mongolicum								0.041
独一味L. rotata									0.033	0.057
小大黄R. pumilum							0.036			0.039
合计Total	4	4	4	5	5	5	5	5	5	5

处理 Treatment	OY （g·m^-2）	OY₁	OY₂
M₄	-17.07±8.71c	-0.26±0.01c	-0.03±0.02c
M₅	40.43±23.36ab	-0.17±0.03ab	0.07±0.04ab
M₆	-29.88±26.61c	-0.27±0.04c	-0.05±0.05c
M₇	-27.62±27.43c	-0.27±0.04c	-0.05±0.05c
M₈	71.12±27.10a	-0.13±0.04a	0.13±0.05a
M₉	60.89±25.96a	-0.15±0.04a	0.11±0.05a
M₁₀	13.11±14.38bc	-0.21±0.02bc	0.02±0.03bc

处理 Treatment	OY （g·m^-2）	OY₁	OY₂
M₄	-17.07±8.71c	-0.26±0.01c	-0.03±0.02c
M₅	40.43±23.36ab	-0.17±0.03ab	0.07±0.04ab
M₆	-29.88±26.61c	-0.27±0.04c	-0.05±0.05c
M₇	-27.62±27.43c	-0.27±0.04c	-0.05±0.05c
M₈	71.12±27.10a	-0.13±0.04a	0.13±0.05a
M₉	60.89±25.96a	-0.15±0.04a	0.11±0.05a
M₁₀	13.11±14.38bc	-0.21±0.02bc	0.02±0.03bc

处理 Treatment	Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index	Pielou指数 Pielou index	丰富度指数 Richness index
S₁	0.49±0.05d	0.35±0.04c	4.00±1.00b
S₂	0.61±0.08c	0.44±0.03b	4.00±1.00b
S₃	0.63±0.02c	0.39±0.03bc	5.00±1.00ab
M₄	1.51±0.07a	0.84±0.03a	5.00±1.00ab
M₅	1.45±0.04a	0.81±0.06a	5.00±1.00ab
M₆	1.47±0.05a	0.82±0.01a	5.00±1.00ab
M₇	1.49±0.04a	0.83±0.03a	5.00±0.00a
M₈	1.32±0.05b	0.84±0.02a	5.00±1.00ab
M₉	1.33±0.07b	0.83±0.02a	5.00±0.00ab
M₁₀	1.36±0.05b	0.84±0.03a	5.00±0.00ab