Dry matter yield and spatial distribution characteristics of phosphorus in alfalfa under bacterial-phosphorus coupling

doi:10.11686/cyxb2022431

Abstract

Abstract:

This study explored the effects on the P content of various organs and parts of alfalfa and soil available P content， of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria （PSB） in different proportions with and without phosphorus （P） application. The ultimate aim of this research was to provide a theoretical basis for improving the efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer utilization for the production of high-quality， high-yielding alfalfa by formulating a scientifically based and appropriate fertilization system. A pot experiment was conducted with a randomized block design. There were 10 treatments in total， consisting of five inoculation ratios （AMF∶PSB） treatments ［3∶7 （J₁）， 4∶6 （J₂）， 5∶5 （J₃）， 6∶4 （J₄） and 7∶3 （J₅）］ and two phosphorus （P₂O₅） application levels ［0 （P₀） and 100 mg·kg^-1 soil （P₁）］. The plant P content， soil P content， dry matter yield of alfalfa and P use efficiency were measured. Correlation analyses were conducted to clarify the relationship between the alfalfa plant P content， soil P content， dry matter yield， and P use efficiency. The best combination of bacteria and phosphorus conditions for promoting alfalfa growth was identified using a membership function analysis. It was found that， under the same inoculation conditions， the contents of plant P， stem P， leaf P， flower P， root P， upper 1/3 plant P of aboveground part， middle 1/3 plant P of aboveground part， lower 1/3 plant P of aboveground part， rhizosphere soil available P， non-rhizosphere soil available P and the dry matter yield were all significantly greater in the P₁ treatments than in the P₀ treatments （P<0.05）. Under the same P application conditions， the plant P， stem P， leaf P， flower P， root P， upper 1/3 plant P of aboveground part， middle 1/3 plant P of aboveground part， lower 1/3 plant P of aboveground part were all significantly greater in the J₅ treatment than in the J₁， J₂， J₃ and J₄ treatments （P<0.05）， and the dry matter yields of J₁， J₂， J₃ and J₄ treatments were significantly greater than that of the J₅ treatment （P<0.05）. The P content of each organ of alfalfa ranked： flower>leaf>root>stem； the P content of each plant fraction ranked： upper 1/3 plant of aboveground part>middle 1/3 plant of aboveground part>lower 1/3 plant of aboveground part and the soil available P content ranked： rhizosphere soil>non-rhizosphere soil. Across the bacterial-P coupling treatments， the total dry matter yield and P use efficiency of alfalfa both reached their maximum values （49.31 g·pot^-1 and 27.23%， respectively） in the J₄P₁ treatment. Correlation analysis showed that the P content of alfalfa plants， rhizosphere soil P content， non-rhizosphere soil P content， P use efficiency and total dry matter yield were positively correlated with each other. Among these， total dry matter yield was highly significantly positively correlated with rhizosphere soil available P content and P use efficiency （P<0.01）， and was significantly positively correlated with non-rhizosphere soil available P content （P<0.05）. According to the ranking of membership function values， the top three were J₁P₁， J₃P₁ and J₄P₁. Therefore， a phosphorus application rate of 100 mg·kg^-1 P （P₂O₅） and double inoculation of AMF and PSB in the ratio 3∶7 can greatly improve alfalfa P nutrition level， thereby increasing the dry matter yield.

Key words: alfalfa, phosphorus nutrition, AMF, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria, dry matter yield, phosphorus use efficiency

Xuan-shuai LIU, Yan-liang SUN, Chun-hui MA, Qian-bing ZHANG. Dry matter yield and spatial distribution characteristics of phosphorus in alfalfa under bacterial-phosphorus coupling[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(9): 104-115.

Figures/Tables 8

References 31

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项目 Item	Pa （%）	Ps （%）	Pl （%）	Pf （%）	Pr （%）	Pu （%）	Pm （%）	Pd （%）	Apr （mg·kg^-1）	APn （mg·kg^-1）	DMY （g·pot^-1）
茬次Cut
第1茬First cut	0.236	0.180	0.320	0.394	0.306	0.356	0.290	0.260	35.493	27.119	12.107
第2茬Second cut	0.237	0.174	0.241	0.401	0.232	0.227	0.212	0.199	29.541	14.752	15.828
第3茬Third cut	0.201	0.158	0.280	0.344	0.190	0.254	0.211	0.188	15.227	11.040	15.639
标准误Standard error	0.012	0.007	0.023	0.018	0.034	0.039	0.026	0.022	6.014	4.861	1.210
磷Phosphorus （P）
P₀	0.200	0.152	0.258	0.347	0.226	0.259	0.226	0.201	19.247	14.949	13.521
P₁	0.250	0.190	0.303	0.412	0.260	0.299	0.250	0.230	34.261	20.325	15.529
标准误Standard error	0.025	0.019	0.023	0.033	0.017	0.020	0.012	0.015	7.507	2.688	1.004
菌Bacteria （J）
J₁	0.221	0.164	0.275	0.362	0.216	0.247	0.213	0.199	27.388	17.409	14.740
J₂	0.216	0.173	0.280	0.368	0.209	0.271	0.230	0.216	28.267	16.743	15.177
J₃	0.230	0.167	0.270	0.393	0.269	0.268	0.239	0.220	26.598	18.034	14.967
J₄	0.217	0.166	0.280	0.361	0.249	0.290	0.242	0.200	25.563	16.469	15.075
J₅	0.239	0.183	0.296	0.414	0.270	0.320	0.264	0.242	25.953	19.529	12.665
标准误Standard error	0.004	0.003	0.004	0.010	0.013	0.012	0.008	0.008	0.489	0.546	0.471
P值P-values
茬次Cut	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
菌Bacteria （J）	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
磷Phosphorus （P）	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
茬次×菌Cut×J	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.071
茬次×磷Cut×P	<0.001	<0.001	0.940	0.012	<0.001	0.123	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
菌×磷J×P	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.746
茬次×菌×磷Cut×J×P	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.023	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.010	<0.001	0.204

项目 Item	Pa （%）	Ps （%）	Pl （%）	Pf （%）	Pr （%）	Pu （%）	Pm （%）	Pd （%）	Apr （mg·kg^-1）	APn （mg·kg^-1）	DMY （g·pot^-1）
茬次Cut
第1茬First cut	0.236	0.180	0.320	0.394	0.306	0.356	0.290	0.260	35.493	27.119	12.107
第2茬Second cut	0.237	0.174	0.241	0.401	0.232	0.227	0.212	0.199	29.541	14.752	15.828
第3茬Third cut	0.201	0.158	0.280	0.344	0.190	0.254	0.211	0.188	15.227	11.040	15.639
标准误Standard error	0.012	0.007	0.023	0.018	0.034	0.039	0.026	0.022	6.014	4.861	1.210
磷Phosphorus （P）
P₀	0.200	0.152	0.258	0.347	0.226	0.259	0.226	0.201	19.247	14.949	13.521
P₁	0.250	0.190	0.303	0.412	0.260	0.299	0.250	0.230	34.261	20.325	15.529
标准误Standard error	0.025	0.019	0.023	0.033	0.017	0.020	0.012	0.015	7.507	2.688	1.004
菌Bacteria （J）
J₁	0.221	0.164	0.275	0.362	0.216	0.247	0.213	0.199	27.388	17.409	14.740
J₂	0.216	0.173	0.280	0.368	0.209	0.271	0.230	0.216	28.267	16.743	15.177
J₃	0.230	0.167	0.270	0.393	0.269	0.268	0.239	0.220	26.598	18.034	14.967
J₄	0.217	0.166	0.280	0.361	0.249	0.290	0.242	0.200	25.563	16.469	15.075
J₅	0.239	0.183	0.296	0.414	0.270	0.320	0.264	0.242	25.953	19.529	12.665
标准误Standard error	0.004	0.003	0.004	0.010	0.013	0.012	0.008	0.008	0.489	0.546	0.471
P值P-values
茬次Cut	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
菌Bacteria （J）	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
磷Phosphorus （P）	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
茬次×菌Cut×J	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.071
茬次×磷Cut×P	<0.001	<0.001	0.940	0.012	<0.001	0.123	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
菌×磷J×P	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.746
茬次×菌×磷Cut×J×P	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.023	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.010	<0.001	0.204

处理 Treatment	干物质产量Dry matter yield （g·pot^-1）				总干物质产量 Total dry matter yield （g·pot^-1）	磷素利用效率 Phosphorus use efficiency （%）
处理 Treatment	第1茬First cut	第2茬Second cut	第3茬Third cut		总干物质产量 Total dry matter yield （g·pot^-1）	磷素利用效率 Phosphorus use efficiency （%）
J₁P₀	10.90±0.62Bb	16.37±1.30Aa		13.93±1.07Ab	41.20	-
J₁P₁	12.45±1.96Ba	16.67±0.90Aa		18.12±2.03Aa	47.24	20.13
J₂P₀	13.13±0.95Aa	15.87±1.31ABa		13.72±0.47Ab	42.72	-
J₂P₁	14.08±0.32Aa	16.23±1.26Aa		18.03±0.80ABa	48.34	18.73
J₃P₀	13.03±0.38Aa	14.25±0.55ABb		14.95±1.04Ab	42.23	-
J₃P₁	13.55±1.11ABa	16.95±2.46Aa		17.07±1.95ABa	47.57	17.80
J₄P₀	10.60±2.04Bb	16.87±2.28Aa		13.67±1.38Ab	41.14	-
J₄P₁	14.28±0.49Aa	17.05±3.78Aa		17.98±1.94ABa	49.31	27.23
J₅P₀	8.90±1.07Ca	13.55±1.59Ba		13.07±0.31Ab	35.52	-
J₅P₁	10.15±0.24Ca	14.47±1.83Aa		15.85±0.53Ba	40.47	16.50

处理 Treatment	干物质产量Dry matter yield （g·pot^-1）				总干物质产量 Total dry matter yield （g·pot^-1）	磷素利用效率 Phosphorus use efficiency （%）
处理 Treatment	第1茬First cut	第2茬Second cut	第3茬Third cut		总干物质产量 Total dry matter yield （g·pot^-1）	磷素利用效率 Phosphorus use efficiency （%）
J₁P₀	10.90±0.62Bb	16.37±1.30Aa		13.93±1.07Ab	41.20	-
J₁P₁	12.45±1.96Ba	16.67±0.90Aa		18.12±2.03Aa	47.24	20.13
J₂P₀	13.13±0.95Aa	15.87±1.31ABa		13.72±0.47Ab	42.72	-
J₂P₁	14.08±0.32Aa	16.23±1.26Aa		18.03±0.80ABa	48.34	18.73
J₃P₀	13.03±0.38Aa	14.25±0.55ABb		14.95±1.04Ab	42.23	-
J₃P₁	13.55±1.11ABa	16.95±2.46Aa		17.07±1.95ABa	47.57	17.80
J₄P₀	10.60±2.04Bb	16.87±2.28Aa		13.67±1.38Ab	41.14	-
J₄P₁	14.28±0.49Aa	17.05±3.78Aa		17.98±1.94ABa	49.31	27.23
J₅P₀	8.90±1.07Ca	13.55±1.59Ba		13.07±0.31Ab	35.52	-
J₅P₁	10.15±0.24Ca	14.47±1.83Aa		15.85±0.53Ba	40.47	16.50

指标 Index	总干物质产量 Total dry matter yield	苜蓿植株磷含量P content in alfalfa	根际土壤有效磷含量 Available P content of rhizosphere soil	非根际土壤有效磷含量 Available P content of non-rhizosphere soil
苜蓿植株磷含量P content in alfalfa	0.460
根际土壤有效磷含量Available P content of rhizosphere soil	0.777**	0.838**
非根际土壤有效磷含量Available P content of non-rhizosphere soil	0.652*	0.623*	0.841**
磷素利用效率P use efficiency	0.784**	0.835**	0.955**	0.845**