Abstract:

Annual bluegrass （Poa annua） is a herbaceous plant belonging to the Poaceae. It has become a prominent weed in established golf turf， which seriously affects the use value of turf. At present， chemical herbicides and plant growth regulators are the main methods to control annual bluegrass. In this paper， we summarize the occurrence characteristics， hazards and the optimal chemical control time of annual bluegrass. In addition， we review information about field application cases and the active ingredients of chemical herbicides and plant growth regulators that can be safely control annual bluegrass in different turfgrasses. We highlight the existing problems and propose strategies to address them. Among the preemergence herbicides， prodiamine， benefin+trifluralin， dithiopyr， dithiopyr+isoxaben， benefin， pendimethalin， prodiamine+isoxaben， prodiamine+quinclorac， prodiamine+sulfentrazone， methiozolin， and bensulide+oxadiazon can be safely applied to creeping bentgrass （Agrostis palustris）， tall fescue （Festuca arundinacea）， kentucky bluegrass （Poa pratensis）， perennial ryegrass （Lolium perenne）， bermudagrass （Cynodon dactylon）， and zoysiagrass （Zoysia japonica）. Prodiamine， pendimethalin， prodiamine+isoxaben， prodiamine+sulfentrazone， indaziflam， and dimethenamid+pendimethalin can be safely applied to seashore paspalum （Paspalum vaginatum）， centipedegrass （Eremochloa ophiuroides）， buffalograss （Buchloe dactyloides） and bahiagrass （Paspalum notatum）. Among the postemergence herbicides， methiozolin， amicarbazone and sulfosulfuron can be safely applied to creeping bentgrass， tall fescue， kentucky bluegrass， perennial ryegrass， fine fescue （Festuca rubra）， bermudagrass， zoysiagrass， and seashore paspalum. Amicarbazone and sulfosulfuron can be safely applied to centipedegrass， buffalograss， st. augustinegrass （Stenotaphrum secundatum） and bahiagrass. Two current problems in China are the reliance on postemergence control and the incorrect timing of application of chemicals to control annual bluegrass. We propose that preemergence herbicides should be used to control annual bluegrass. Furthermore， we recommend applying a combination of plant growth regulators and low-dose herbicides during the early postemergence stages to decrease damage to turfgrass.

Key words: golf turf, weed, annual bluegrass, herbicide, plant growth regulator, chemical control