The effects of combined nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on seed yield and quality of Medicago ruthenica in the Wuwei irrigation district， Gansu Province

doi:10.11686/cyxb2024320

Abstract

Abstract:

This research explored the effects of combined nitrogen and phosphorus application on seed yield， yield components， and seed quality in Medicago ruthenica， in order to provide technical support for seed production. A two factor experiment was conducted in the Wuwei irrigation district of Gansu Province， using the M. ruthenica cultivar Longzhong No.1. The experiment comprised a factorial combination of four nitrogen fertilizer （N） levels： 0 （N₀）， 47 （N₁）， 94 （N₂）， and 141 （N₃） kg·ha^-1， and four phosphorus fertilizer （P₂O₅） levels： 0 （P₀）， 60 （P₁）， 120 （P₂） and 180 （P₃） kg·ha^-1. The changes in seed yield， yield components， and quality of M. ruthenica in the year of sowing under the combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were studied. The results showed that the number of flowers per inflorescence， the number of pods per inflorescence， the number of seeds per pod and the thousand seed weight were the main factors affecting the seed yield of M. ruthenica. The application of nitrogen or phosphorus fertilizer alone increased seed yield to a certain extent， but could not fully exploit the seed yield potential of M. ruthenica； Nitrogen and phosphorus in combination significantly increased the yield of M. ruthenica. The highest actual seed yield of 844 kg $?$ ha^-1was achieved under the fertilizer combination N₁P₂. Application of nitrogen fertilizer alone enhanced the germination vigor， germination rate， and vitality index of M. ruthenica seeds， while application of phosphorus fertilizer alone improved the germination rate of M. ruthenica seeds but had some degree of inhibitory effect on seed germination vigor， vitality index， and germination index. The combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus improved the seed quality of M. ruthenica. Therefore， while recognizing the data are specific to the Wuwei irrigation district in the year of sowing， for M. ruthenica seed production， the N₁P₂ fertilizer combination of 47 kg N·ha^-1 and 120 kg P₂O₅·ha^-1 is recommended.

Key words: Wuwei irrigation district, Medicago ruthenica, combined nitrogen and phosphorus application, seed quality, seed yield, yield components

Wen-juan FAN, Jian-chao SONG, Xiao-juan ZHANG, Yu-hang SHENG, Jin-tao SHI, Long-ji ZHANG, Xiao-jun YU. The effects of combined nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on seed yield and quality of Medicago ruthenica in the Wuwei irrigation district， Gansu Province[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(8): 54-65.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1 Soil characteristics of the test site

有机质

Organic

matter

（g $?$ kg^-1）

速效氮

Available

nitrogen

（mg $?$ kg^-1）

速效磷

Available

phosphorus

（mg $?$ kg^-1）

速效钾

Available

potassium

（mg $?$ kg^-1）

Table 1 Soil characteristics of the test site

有机质

Organic

matter

（g $?$ kg^-1）

速效氮

Available

nitrogen

（mg $?$ kg^-1）

速效磷

Available

phosphorus

（mg $?$ kg^-1）

速效钾

Available

potassium

（mg $?$ kg^-1）

8.66

10.56

56.87

9.52

128.94

Fig.1 Monthly average temperature and rainfall of Huangyang Town in 2023

Table 2 Fertilizer treatments （kg·hm-2）

处理 Treatment	施肥量Fertilizer application		处理 Treatment	施肥量Fertilizer application
处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅	处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅
N₀P₀	0	0	N₂P₀	94	0
N₀P₁	0	60	N₂P₁	94	60
N₀P₂	0	120	N₂P₂	94	120
N₀P₃	0	180	N₂P₃	94	180
N₁P₀	47	0	N₃P₀	141	0
N₁P₁	47	60	N₃P₁	141	60
N₁P₂	47	120	N₃P₂	141	120
N₁P₃	47	180	N₃P₃	141	180

Fig.2 Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus rationing on yield components of M. ruthenica

Fig.3 The variance of nitrogen， phosphorus， and their interactions in explaining the yield components of M. ruthenica

Table 3 Effect of combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on the expressed seed yield and actual seed yield of M. ruthenica （kg·hm-2）

处理 Treatment	表现种子产量 Expressed seed yield	实际种子产量 Actual seed yield	处理 Treatment	表现种子产量 Expressed seed yield	实际种子产量 Actual seed yield
N₀P₀	6228.50gh	634.00ef	N₂P₀	6622.64fgh	636.47ef
N₀P₁	10658.44bcdefg	677.30de	N₂P₁	11398.09bcdef	638.40ef
N₀P₂	15288.58abc	818.97ab	N₂P₂	10337.72cdefg	763.83bc
N₀P₃	11319.72bcdef	716.73cde	N₂P₃	16511.86a	746.67bcd
N₁P₀	13563.53abcde	690.20cde	N₃P₀	14938.72abcd	550.53g
N₁P₁	15569.76ab	764.03bc	N₃P₁	12232.85abcde	591.37fg
N₁P₂	15579.61ab	844.30a	N₃P₂	9827.12efg	641.13ef
N₁P₃	9991.03defg	725.37cd	N₃P₃	3908.10h	471.00h
方差分析ANOVA （F）
氮N	3.95*	42.058***	氮 $×$ 磷N×P	7.63***	3.194**
磷P	2.89ns	21.772***

Table 3 Effect of combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on the expressed seed yield and actual seed yield of M. ruthenica （kg·hm-2）

处理 Treatment	表现种子产量 Expressed seed yield	实际种子产量 Actual seed yield	处理 Treatment	表现种子产量 Expressed seed yield	实际种子产量 Actual seed yield
N₀P₀	6228.50gh	634.00ef	N₂P₀	6622.64fgh	636.47ef
N₀P₁	10658.44bcdefg	677.30de	N₂P₁	11398.09bcdef	638.40ef
N₀P₂	15288.58abc	818.97ab	N₂P₂	10337.72cdefg	763.83bc
N₀P₃	11319.72bcdef	716.73cde	N₂P₃	16511.86a	746.67bcd
N₁P₀	13563.53abcde	690.20cde	N₃P₀	14938.72abcd	550.53g
N₁P₁	15569.76ab	764.03bc	N₃P₁	12232.85abcde	591.37fg
N₁P₂	15579.61ab	844.30a	N₃P₂	9827.12efg	641.13ef
N₁P₃	9991.03defg	725.37cd	N₃P₃	3908.10h	471.00h
方差分析ANOVA （F）
氮N	3.95*	42.058***	氮 $×$ 磷N×P	7.63***	3.194**
磷P	2.89ns	21.772***

Fig.4 The effect of nitrogen and phosphorus combined application on the quality of M. ruthenica seeds

Table 4 Correlation analysis of M. ruthenica expressed seed yield and yield composition factor

项目 Item	生殖枝数·m^-2 NRB	每生殖枝花序数NI	每花序小花数NF	每生殖枝结荚花序数NPI	每结荚花序荚果数NP	每荚果种子数NS	千粒重TSW	株高PH
每生殖枝花序数NI	0.367*	1.000
每花序小花数NF	0.115	0.230	1.000
每生殖枝结荚花序数NPI	0.415**	0.871**	0.213	1.000
每结荚花序荚果数NP	0.122	0.099	0.623**	0.109	1.000
每荚果种子数NS	0.102	-0.056	0.337*	0.024	0.165	1.000
千粒重TSW	-0.039	-0.069	0.220	0.001	0.382**	-0.088	1.000
株高PH	0.058	0.115	0.009	0.227	0.126	0.203	-0.018	1.000
表现种子产量Expressed seed yield	0.526**	0.322*	0.530**	0.380**	0.599**	0.585**	0.223	0.145

Fig.5 Regression analysis between expressed seed yield and yield composition factors of M. ruthenica

Table 5 Correlation analysis of M. ruthenica actual seed yield and yield composition factor

项目 Item	生殖枝数·m^-2 NRB	每生殖枝花序数NI	每花序小花数NF	每生殖枝结荚花序数NPI	每结荚花序荚果数NP	每荚果种子数NS	千粒重TSW	株高PH
每生殖枝花序数NI	0.367*
每花序小花数NF	0.115	0.230
每生殖枝结荚花序数NPI	0.415**	0.871**	0.213
每结荚花序荚果数NP	0.122	0.099	0.623**	0.109
每荚果种子数NS	0.102	-0.056	0.337*	0.024	0.165
千粒重TSW	-0.039	-0.069	0.220	0.001	0.382**	-0.088
株高PH	0.058	0.115	0.009	0.227	0.126	0.203	-0.018
实际种子产量Actual seed yield	0.213	0.133	0.392**	0.088	0.384**	0.272	-0.157	0.081

Fig.6 Regression analysis between actual seed yield and yield composition factors of M. ruthenica

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[3]	Jing XING, Wen-qiang FAN, Jia-ni WANG, Feng-ling SHI. Rhizosphere bacterial diversity and the effects of soil sterilization on the growth of two varieties of Medicago ruthenica under drought stress [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(12): 147-159.
[4]	Jia-qi DONG, Yan-ting YANG, Wen-qiang FAN, Jia-ni WANG, Feng-ling SHI. Identification of Medicago ruthenica hybrids and heterosis analysis of main agronomic traits in F₁ and F₂ [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(7): 229-239.
[5]	Xue HA, Jin-qing ZHANG, Fang-xu BAI, Xiang-rong MA, An-qi WANG, Hui-ling MA. Analysis of traits related to seed yield and nutrient utilization in the Kentucky bluegrass germplasm in Gansu [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(4): 54-67.
[6]	Tong-yao LI, Qing-ping ZHOU, You-jun CHEN, Yuan ZHAN, Hui WANG. Effects of nitrogen application rate on seed yield and nitrogen use efficiency of Elymus [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(3): 80-90.
[7]	Xing WANG, Wei HUANG, Shu-yan YU, Xiao-yun LI, Xue-qin GAO, Bing-zhe FU. Effect of water and fertilizer coupling on seed yield and composition of alfalfa grown with underground drip irrigation in Ningxia [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(9): 76-85.
[8]	Yu-xia WANG, Jin-long CHAI, Yang-yang ZHOU, Chang-lin XU, Lin WANG, Xiao-jun YU. Effects of planting method on seed yield and its components in Medicago ruthenica in an arid area of Longzhong [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(8): 60-72.
[9]	FU Bing-zhe, ZHOU Yan-fei, LI Xue, NI Biao, GAO Xue-qin. Effect of water and fertilizer coupling on Leymus chinensis in the Ningxia irrigation area [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(5): 98-108.
[10]	ZHANG Meng, LI Ben-yin, LIU Chun-zeng, LÜ Yu-hu, ZHANG Cheng-lan, CHEN Xue-qing, CAO Wei-dong. A study of stratified maturity characteristics of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) pods and their seed yield [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(2): 64-72.
[11]	LIU Kai-qiang, LIU Wen-hui, WEI Xiao-xing, JIA Zhi-feng, SHI Zheng-hai. Effect of different sowing rates and row spacings on seed yield of Avena sativa cv. Qingyan No.1 [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(2): 82-91.
[12]	ZHANG Xu, NIE Gang, HUANG Lin-kai, TANG Lu, ZHOU Zhou, LIU Fu, ZHOU Jie, ZOU Jing, REN Si-yan, ZHANG Xin-quan. Effect of plant growth regulator on seed yield of Dactylis glomerata [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(6): 93-100.
[13]	LIU Hui, NZABANITA Clement, LI Yan-zhong. A study of the date of occurrence of Bruchophagus roddi boring damage in Astragalus adsurgens seeds [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(4): 146-156.
[14]	TAO Qi-bo, JIA Cun-zhi, WANG Yan-rong, LI Xin-yong, HAN Yun-hua, BAI Meng-jie. An evaluation of smallholder seed threshing and cleaning technologies in seed production of Cleistogenes songorica cv. ‘Tenggeli’ [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(2): 51-60.
[15]	LUO Kai, ZHANG Ji-yu, WANG Yan-rong. Effect of planting density and phosphorus fertiliser on seed yield of Melilotus officinalis [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(7): 112-119.