Differences in soil microbial functional gene abundance between rhizosphere soils of Haloxylon ammodendron and Tamarix chinensis in the Junggar Desert

doi:10.11686/cyxb2024367

Abstract

Abstract:

Many studies have demonstrated that in terrestrial ecosystems， nutrient cycling is tightly linked with soil microbial functional gene abundance （SMFGA）. However， our understanding of the variations in SMFGA in rhizosphere soils among shrubs in desert ecosystems is still limited. In this study， we conducted a comparative analysis of SMFGA in the rhizosphere of two dominant coexisting shrubs in the Junggar Desert， Haloxylon ammodendron and Tamarix chinensis. Bulk soil and rhizosphere soil samples were collected from the surface layer （0-10 cm） around H. ammodendron and T. chinensis. In total， 67 microbial functional genes involved in soil carbon-， nitrogen-， and phosphorus-cycling were detected via metagenomic sequencing. We then explored the linkages among SMFGA， soil physical and chemical properties （soil bulk density， pH， soil organic matter， total nitrogen， total phosphorus， total potassium， ammonium nitrogen， nitrate nitrogen， available phosphorus and available potassium）， and microbial diversity in the rhizosphere soils. The results show that： 1） Compared with bulk soils， rhizosphere soils of H. ammodendron and T. chinensis had relatively higher contents of available nutrients （ammonium nitrogen， nitrate nitrogen， and available phosphorus）. 2） The Shannon-Wiener index of bacterial diversity was significantly higher in rhizosphere soils of H. ammodendron and T. chinensis than in the bulk soils， but the fungal Shannon-Wiener index was only significantly higher in the rhizosphere soil of H. ammodendron. 3） Six of the 15 microbial genes related to carbon cycling （pulA， nplT， chitinase， nagA， bglB， and bglX）， two of the 17 microbial genes related to nitrogen cycling （nrfH and napB）， and eight of the 35 microbial genes related to phosphorus cycling （gcd， phnG， phnH， phnI， phnL， phnA， phnJ， and phnM） had higher relative abundance in the rhizosphere soils of H. ammodendron and T. chinensis than in the bulk soils. 4） The abundance of microbial genes involved in nitrogen- and phosphorus-cycling in the rhizosphere soils was positively related to available potassium and soil pH， but no significant associations were detected between microbial genes involved in carbon-cycling and soil physical properties， soil chemical properties， or microbial diversity. In summary， shrubs’ rhizospheres affect the abundance of microbial functional genes， which are linked with soil physical and chemical properties and microbial diversity in this desert ecosystem.

Key words: soil microbial functional gene abundance, rhizosphere soil, shrubs, desert ecosystem

Hong-yu MA, Xiao-guo ZHOU, Bao WANG, Yu-chuan SONG, Aikeremu·Abulatijiang, Shao-li JIANG, Jiu-zhou MIN, Hong-mei ZHAO, Jun-hui CHENG. Differences in soil microbial functional gene abundance between rhizosphere soils of Haloxylon ammodendron and Tamarix chinensis in the Junggar Desert[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(8): 109-122.

Figures/Tables 7

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基因名称 Gene names	功能注释 Functional annotation	KEGG 编号 KEGG ID	参考文献 References
参与土壤碳循环的微生物功能基因 Microbial functional genes involved in soil carbon cycle
碳固定Carbon fixation
rbcS	核糖-1，5-二磷酸羧化酶小亚基Ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase small chain	K01602	［31］
cbbL	核糖-1，5-二磷酸羧化酶大亚基Ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase large chain	K01601	［31］
accA	乙酰辅酶A羧化酶羧基转移酶亚基Acetyl-CoA carboxylase carboxyl transferase subunit alpha	K01962	［31］
acsA	乙酰辅酶A合成酶Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	K01907	［31］
碳降解Carbon degradation
pulA	支链淀粉酶Pullulanase	K01200	［31-32］
nplT	新普鲁兰酶Neopullulanase	K01208	［31］
pel	果胶裂解酶Pectate lyase	K01728	［31-32］
chitinase	几丁质酶Chitinase	K01183	［31］
amyA	α-淀粉酶Alpha-amylase	K01176	［31-32］
nagA	N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱乙酰酶N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase	K01443	［31］
abfA	α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶Alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase	K01209	［31］
bglB	β-葡萄糖苷酶Beta-glucosidase	K05350	［31］
xylA	木糖异构酶Xylose isomerase	K01805	［31-32］
bglX	β-葡萄糖苷酶Beta-glucosidase	K05349	［31］
endoglucanase	内切葡聚糖酶Endoglucanase	K01179	［31］
参与土壤氮循环的微生物功能基因Microbial functional genes involved in soil nitrogen cycle
异化硝酸盐还原作用 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction
napB	周质硝酸盐还原酶电子转移亚基Periplasmic nitrate reductase electron transfer subunit	K02568	［33-34］
narI	硝酸还原酶1，γ亚基Nitrate reductase 1， gamma subunit	K00374	［33-34］
narJ	硝酸还原酶1，δ亚基Nitrate reductase 1， delta subunit	K00373	［33］
nrfH	细胞色素c亚硝酸盐还原酶小亚基Cytochrome c nitrite reductase small subunit	K15876	［33-34］
narH	硝酸还原酶1，β亚基Nitrate reductase 1， beta subunit	K00371	［33-34］
nrfA	细胞色素c-552型硝酸盐还原酶Nitrite reductase （cytochrome c-552）	K03385	［33-34］
narG	硝酸还原酶1，α亚基Nitrate reductase 1， alpha subunit	K00370	［33-34］
nirD	亚硝酸盐还原酶（NADH）小亚基Nitrite reductase （NADH） small subunit	K00363	［33-34］
nirB	亚硝酸盐还原酶（NADH）大亚基Nitrite reductase （NADH） large subunit	K00362	［33-34］
反硝化作用 Denitrification
norC	一氧化氮还原酶亚基C Nitric-oxide reductase subunit C	K02305	［33-34］
nosZ	一氧化二氮还原酶Nitrous-oxide reductase	K00376	［33-34］
硝化作用 Nitrification
amoA	氨单加氧酶亚基A Ammonia monooxygenase subunit A	K10944	［33-34］
amoB	氨单加氧酶亚基B Ammonia monooxygenase subunit B	K10945	［33-34］
同化硝酸盐还原作用Assimilatory nitrate reduction
narB	硝酸铁氧还蛋白还原酶Ferredoxin-nitrate reductase	K00367	［33-34］
nasA	同化硝酸还原酶催化亚基Assimilatory nitrate reductase catalytic subunit	K00372	［33-34］
nirA	铁氧还蛋白-亚硝酸盐还原酶Ferredoxin-nitrite reductase	K00366	［33］
厌氧氨氧化作用Anammox
nirS	亚硝酸盐还原酶Nitrite reductase	K15864	［33］
参与土壤磷循环的微生物功能基因Microbial functional genes involved in soil phosphorus cycle
有机磷矿化Organic phosphorus mineralization
phnN	核糖 1，5-二磷酸激酶Ribose 1，5-bisphosphokinase	K05774	［35-36］
phnX	亚膦酸乙醛水解酶Phosphonoacetaldehyde hydrolase	K05306	［35-36］
phnG	α-D-核糖1-甲基膦酸盐5-三磷酸合成酶亚基Alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate synthase subunit	K06166	［35-36］
phnH	α-D-核糖1-甲基膦酸盐5-三磷酸合成酶亚基Alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate synthase subunit	K06165	［35-36］
phnI	α-D-核糖1-甲基膦酸盐5-三磷酸合成酶亚基Alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate synthase subunitt	K06164	［35-36］
phnL	α-D-核糖1-甲基膦酸盐5-三磷酸合成酶亚基Alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate synthase subunit	K05780	［35-36］
phnA	亚膦酸乙酸酯水解酶Phosphonoacetate hydrolase	K06193	［35-36］
glpB	甘油-3-磷酸脱氢酶亚单元B Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase subunit B	K00112	［35］
glpC	甘油-3-磷酸脱氢酶亚单元C Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase subunit C	K00113	［35］
phnJ	α-D-核糖1-甲基膦酸盐5-磷酸C-P裂解酶Alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-phosphate C-P lyase	K06163	［35］
phnM	α-D-核糖1-甲基膦酸盐5-三磷酸二磷酸酶Alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate diphosphatase	K06162	［35-36］
phnW	2-氨基乙基膦酸-丙酮酸转氨酶 2-aminoethylphosphonate-pyruvate transaminase	K03430	［35-36］
PhoN	酸性磷酸酶（A）Acid phosphatase （class A）	K09474	［35-36］
glpQ	周质甘油磷酸酯磷酸二酯酶Periplasmic glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase	K01126	［35］
phnP	磷酸核糖基 1，2-环磷酸二酯酶Phosphoribosyl 1，2-cyclic phosphate phosphodiesterase	K06167	［35-36］
phoD	碱性磷酸酶Alkaline phosphatase	K01113	［35-36］
glpK	甘油激酶Glycerol kinase	K00864	［35］
glpA	甘油-3-磷酸脱氢酶Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	K00111	［35］
无机磷溶解 Inorganic phosphorus solubilization
gcd	醌蛋白葡萄糖脱氢酶Quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase	K00117	［35-36］
ppa	无机焦磷酸酶Inorganic pyrophosphatase	K01507	［35-36］
ppx	鸟苷-5'-三磷酸，3'-二磷酸焦磷酸酶Guanosine-5'-triphosphate，3'-diphosphate pyrophosphatase	K01524	［35-36］
ppk	多聚磷酸激酶Polyphosphate kinase	K00937	［35-36］
磷的转运和吸收 Uptake and transport of phosphorus
ugpC	sn-甘油-3-磷酸运输系统 ATP 结合蛋白Sn-glycerol 3-phosphate transport system ATP-binding protein	K05816	［35-36］
ugpB	sn-甘油-3-磷酸运输系统底物结合蛋白Sn-glycerol 3-phosphate transport system substrate-binding protein	K05813	［35-36］
ugpE	sn-甘油-3-磷酸运输系统渗透蛋白Sn-glycerol 3-phosphate transport system permease protein	K05815	［35-36］
phnC	膦酸酯运输系统 ATP 结合蛋白Phosphonate transport system ATP-binding protein	K02041	［35-36］
ugpA	sn-甘油-3-磷酸运输系统渗透蛋白Sn-glycerol 3-phosphate transport system permease protein	K05814	［35-36］
phnD	膦酸酯运输系统底物结合蛋白Phosphonate transport system substrate-binding protein	K02044	［35-36］
phnE	膦酸酯运输系统渗透蛋白Phosphonate transport system permease protein	K02042	［35-36］
pstA	磷酸运输系统渗透蛋白Phosphate transport system permease protein	K02038	［35-36］
pstC	磷酸运输系统渗透蛋白Phosphate transport system permease protein	K02037	［35-36］
pstB	磷酸运输系统 ATP 结合蛋白Phosphate transport system ATP-binding protein	K02036	［35-36］
pstS	磷酸运输系统底物结合蛋白Phosphate transport system substrate-binding protein	K02040	［35-36］
磷缺乏响应调控 Regulation of phosphorus starvation responses
phoR	磷酸盐调节感应激酶Phosphate regulation sensor histidine kinase	K07636	［35-36］
phoB	磷酸盐调节反应调控子Phosphate regulation response regulator	K07657	［35-36］

基因名称 Gene names	功能注释 Functional annotation	KEGG 编号 KEGG ID	参考文献 References
参与土壤碳循环的微生物功能基因 Microbial functional genes involved in soil carbon cycle
碳固定Carbon fixation
rbcS	核糖-1，5-二磷酸羧化酶小亚基Ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase small chain	K01602	［31］
cbbL	核糖-1，5-二磷酸羧化酶大亚基Ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase large chain	K01601	［31］
accA	乙酰辅酶A羧化酶羧基转移酶亚基Acetyl-CoA carboxylase carboxyl transferase subunit alpha	K01962	［31］
acsA	乙酰辅酶A合成酶Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	K01907	［31］
碳降解Carbon degradation
pulA	支链淀粉酶Pullulanase	K01200	［31-32］
nplT	新普鲁兰酶Neopullulanase	K01208	［31］
pel	果胶裂解酶Pectate lyase	K01728	［31-32］
chitinase	几丁质酶Chitinase	K01183	［31］
amyA	α-淀粉酶Alpha-amylase	K01176	［31-32］
nagA	N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱乙酰酶N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase	K01443	［31］
abfA	α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶Alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase	K01209	［31］
bglB	β-葡萄糖苷酶Beta-glucosidase	K05350	［31］
xylA	木糖异构酶Xylose isomerase	K01805	［31-32］
bglX	β-葡萄糖苷酶Beta-glucosidase	K05349	［31］
endoglucanase	内切葡聚糖酶Endoglucanase	K01179	［31］
参与土壤氮循环的微生物功能基因Microbial functional genes involved in soil nitrogen cycle
异化硝酸盐还原作用 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction
napB	周质硝酸盐还原酶电子转移亚基Periplasmic nitrate reductase electron transfer subunit	K02568	［33-34］
narI	硝酸还原酶1，γ亚基Nitrate reductase 1， gamma subunit	K00374	［33-34］
narJ	硝酸还原酶1，δ亚基Nitrate reductase 1， delta subunit	K00373	［33］
nrfH	细胞色素c亚硝酸盐还原酶小亚基Cytochrome c nitrite reductase small subunit	K15876	［33-34］
narH	硝酸还原酶1，β亚基Nitrate reductase 1， beta subunit	K00371	［33-34］
nrfA	细胞色素c-552型硝酸盐还原酶Nitrite reductase （cytochrome c-552）	K03385	［33-34］
narG	硝酸还原酶1，α亚基Nitrate reductase 1， alpha subunit	K00370	［33-34］
nirD	亚硝酸盐还原酶（NADH）小亚基Nitrite reductase （NADH） small subunit	K00363	［33-34］
nirB	亚硝酸盐还原酶（NADH）大亚基Nitrite reductase （NADH） large subunit	K00362	［33-34］
反硝化作用 Denitrification
norC	一氧化氮还原酶亚基C Nitric-oxide reductase subunit C	K02305	［33-34］
nosZ	一氧化二氮还原酶Nitrous-oxide reductase	K00376	［33-34］
硝化作用 Nitrification
amoA	氨单加氧酶亚基A Ammonia monooxygenase subunit A	K10944	［33-34］
amoB	氨单加氧酶亚基B Ammonia monooxygenase subunit B	K10945	［33-34］
同化硝酸盐还原作用Assimilatory nitrate reduction
narB	硝酸铁氧还蛋白还原酶Ferredoxin-nitrate reductase	K00367	［33-34］
nasA	同化硝酸还原酶催化亚基Assimilatory nitrate reductase catalytic subunit	K00372	［33-34］
nirA	铁氧还蛋白-亚硝酸盐还原酶Ferredoxin-nitrite reductase	K00366	［33］
厌氧氨氧化作用Anammox
nirS	亚硝酸盐还原酶Nitrite reductase	K15864	［33］
参与土壤磷循环的微生物功能基因Microbial functional genes involved in soil phosphorus cycle
有机磷矿化Organic phosphorus mineralization
phnN	核糖 1，5-二磷酸激酶Ribose 1，5-bisphosphokinase	K05774	［35-36］
phnX	亚膦酸乙醛水解酶Phosphonoacetaldehyde hydrolase	K05306	［35-36］
phnG	α-D-核糖1-甲基膦酸盐5-三磷酸合成酶亚基Alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate synthase subunit	K06166	［35-36］
phnH	α-D-核糖1-甲基膦酸盐5-三磷酸合成酶亚基Alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate synthase subunit	K06165	［35-36］
phnI	α-D-核糖1-甲基膦酸盐5-三磷酸合成酶亚基Alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate synthase subunitt	K06164	［35-36］
phnL	α-D-核糖1-甲基膦酸盐5-三磷酸合成酶亚基Alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate synthase subunit	K05780	［35-36］
phnA	亚膦酸乙酸酯水解酶Phosphonoacetate hydrolase	K06193	［35-36］
glpB	甘油-3-磷酸脱氢酶亚单元B Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase subunit B	K00112	［35］
glpC	甘油-3-磷酸脱氢酶亚单元C Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase subunit C	K00113	［35］
phnJ	α-D-核糖1-甲基膦酸盐5-磷酸C-P裂解酶Alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-phosphate C-P lyase	K06163	［35］
phnM	α-D-核糖1-甲基膦酸盐5-三磷酸二磷酸酶Alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate diphosphatase	K06162	［35-36］
phnW	2-氨基乙基膦酸-丙酮酸转氨酶 2-aminoethylphosphonate-pyruvate transaminase	K03430	［35-36］
PhoN	酸性磷酸酶（A）Acid phosphatase （class A）	K09474	［35-36］
glpQ	周质甘油磷酸酯磷酸二酯酶Periplasmic glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase	K01126	［35］
phnP	磷酸核糖基 1，2-环磷酸二酯酶Phosphoribosyl 1，2-cyclic phosphate phosphodiesterase	K06167	［35-36］
phoD	碱性磷酸酶Alkaline phosphatase	K01113	［35-36］
glpK	甘油激酶Glycerol kinase	K00864	［35］
glpA	甘油-3-磷酸脱氢酶Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	K00111	［35］
无机磷溶解 Inorganic phosphorus solubilization
gcd	醌蛋白葡萄糖脱氢酶Quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase	K00117	［35-36］
ppa	无机焦磷酸酶Inorganic pyrophosphatase	K01507	［35-36］
ppx	鸟苷-5'-三磷酸，3'-二磷酸焦磷酸酶Guanosine-5'-triphosphate，3'-diphosphate pyrophosphatase	K01524	［35-36］
ppk	多聚磷酸激酶Polyphosphate kinase	K00937	［35-36］
磷的转运和吸收 Uptake and transport of phosphorus
ugpC	sn-甘油-3-磷酸运输系统 ATP 结合蛋白Sn-glycerol 3-phosphate transport system ATP-binding protein	K05816	［35-36］
ugpB	sn-甘油-3-磷酸运输系统底物结合蛋白Sn-glycerol 3-phosphate transport system substrate-binding protein	K05813	［35-36］
ugpE	sn-甘油-3-磷酸运输系统渗透蛋白Sn-glycerol 3-phosphate transport system permease protein	K05815	［35-36］
phnC	膦酸酯运输系统 ATP 结合蛋白Phosphonate transport system ATP-binding protein	K02041	［35-36］
ugpA	sn-甘油-3-磷酸运输系统渗透蛋白Sn-glycerol 3-phosphate transport system permease protein	K05814	［35-36］
phnD	膦酸酯运输系统底物结合蛋白Phosphonate transport system substrate-binding protein	K02044	［35-36］
phnE	膦酸酯运输系统渗透蛋白Phosphonate transport system permease protein	K02042	［35-36］
pstA	磷酸运输系统渗透蛋白Phosphate transport system permease protein	K02038	［35-36］
pstC	磷酸运输系统渗透蛋白Phosphate transport system permease protein	K02037	［35-36］
pstB	磷酸运输系统 ATP 结合蛋白Phosphate transport system ATP-binding protein	K02036	［35-36］
pstS	磷酸运输系统底物结合蛋白Phosphate transport system substrate-binding protein	K02040	［35-36］
磷缺乏响应调控 Regulation of phosphorus starvation responses
phoR	磷酸盐调节感应激酶Phosphate regulation sensor histidine kinase	K07636	［35-36］
phoB	磷酸盐调节反应调控子Phosphate regulation response regulator	K07657	［35-36］

土壤理化性质 Soil physical and chemical properties	梭梭H. ammodendron		柽柳T. chinensis
土壤理化性质 Soil physical and chemical properties	根际土壤Rhizosphere soil	株间空地Bulk soil	根际土壤Rhizosphere soil	株间空地Bulk soil
pH	9.69±0.23a	8.72±0.08b	8.01±0.01c	8.27±0.03c
土壤含水量Soil moisture content （SWC， %）	2.14±0.49a	2.15±0.17a	2.53±0.19a	2.61±0.36a
容重Bulk density （BD， g·cm^-3）	1.39±0.04b	1.49±0.02a	1.36±0.02b	1.51±0.02a
土壤有机质Soil organic matter （SOM， g·kg^-1）	4.08±0.76ab	3.36±0.99b	6.06±0.51a	5.14±1.00ab
全氮Total nitrogen （g·kg^-1）	0.50±0.04a	0.52±0.04a	0.46±0.02a	0.54±0.08a
全磷Total phosphorus （ g·kg^-1）	0.48±0.04a	0.46±0.03a	0.52±0.03a	0.57±0.04a
全钾Total potassium （g·kg^-1）	1.09±0.19a	0.66±0.23a	0.85±0.12a	0.92±0.20a
NH₄⁺-N （mg·kg^-1）	1.04±0.12a	0.39±0.04b	0.97±0.10a	0.60±0.05b
NO₃^--N （mg·kg^-1）	11.32±2.29a	2.56±0.63b	12.11±1.15a	6.58±0.78b
土壤速效磷Available phosphorus （mg·kg^-1）	26.39±2.19c	14.08±2.82d	52.47±1.78a	38.72±2.27b
土壤速效钾Available potassium （mg·kg^-1）	171.76±15.69a	86.04±8.96b	107.91±7.78b	114.61±1.80b

土壤理化性质 Soil physical and chemical properties	梭梭H. ammodendron		柽柳T. chinensis
土壤理化性质 Soil physical and chemical properties	根际土壤Rhizosphere soil	株间空地Bulk soil	根际土壤Rhizosphere soil	株间空地Bulk soil
pH	9.69±0.23a	8.72±0.08b	8.01±0.01c	8.27±0.03c
土壤含水量Soil moisture content （SWC， %）	2.14±0.49a	2.15±0.17a	2.53±0.19a	2.61±0.36a
容重Bulk density （BD， g·cm^-3）	1.39±0.04b	1.49±0.02a	1.36±0.02b	1.51±0.02a
土壤有机质Soil organic matter （SOM， g·kg^-1）	4.08±0.76ab	3.36±0.99b	6.06±0.51a	5.14±1.00ab
全氮Total nitrogen （g·kg^-1）	0.50±0.04a	0.52±0.04a	0.46±0.02a	0.54±0.08a
全磷Total phosphorus （ g·kg^-1）	0.48±0.04a	0.46±0.03a	0.52±0.03a	0.57±0.04a
全钾Total potassium （g·kg^-1）	1.09±0.19a	0.66±0.23a	0.85±0.12a	0.92±0.20a
NH₄⁺-N （mg·kg^-1）	1.04±0.12a	0.39±0.04b	0.97±0.10a	0.60±0.05b
NO₃^--N （mg·kg^-1）	11.32±2.29a	2.56±0.63b	12.11±1.15a	6.58±0.78b
土壤速效磷Available phosphorus （mg·kg^-1）	26.39±2.19c	14.08±2.82d	52.47±1.78a	38.72±2.27b
土壤速效钾Available potassium （mg·kg^-1）	171.76±15.69a	86.04±8.96b	107.91±7.78b	114.61±1.80b

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