Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (7): 15-31.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025234
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Shu-chao LIU1,2,3(
), Quan-qin SHAO2,3,4(
), Jiang-wen FAN2,3, Hai-bo HUANG2
Received:2025-06-10
Revised:2025-10-09
Online:2026-07-20
Published:2026-05-21
Contact:
Quan-qin SHAO
Shu-chao LIU, Quan-qin SHAO, Jiang-wen FAN, Hai-bo HUANG. Spatiotemporal dynamics of edible forage and its climatic driving mechanisms in the Three-River Headwaters Region from 1981 to 2020[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(7): 15-31.
草地类、亚类、组和型 Grassland class, subclass, group, and type | 植被覆盖度 Vegetation coverage | 产草量干重Dry weight of grass yield (kg·hm-2) | 可食牧草比例Proportion of edible forage |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.温性草原类 Temperate steppe | - | - | - |
| 1.1 山地草原亚类Mountain grassland subclass | 0.35(0.20~0.60) | 665 | - |
| 1.1.1中禾草组Medium grass group | - | - | - |
| 克氏针茅Stipa krylovii、羊茅Festuca ovina | 0.40 | 301 | - |
| 青海固沙草Orinus kokonorica、杂类草Herbarum variarum | 0.30~0.50 | 532 | - |
| 2.高寒草原类Alpine steppe | 0.20~0.60 | - | - |
| 2.1矮禾草组Dwarf grass group | - | - | - |
| 紫花针茅Stipa purpurea | 0.30~0.50 | 255 | - |
| 紫花针茅S. purpurea、杂类草Herbarum variarum | 0.30~0.50 | 255 | - |
| 3.高寒草甸类 Alpine meadow | - | - | - |
| 3.1高寒草甸亚类Alpine meadow subclass | 0.80~0.90 | - | - |
| 3.1.1小莎草组Small sedge group | - | - | - |
| 矮生嵩草Kobresia humilis | 0.80~0.90 | 831 | 0.93 |
| 高山嵩草Kobresia pygmaea | 0.80~0.90 | 562 | 0.85 |
| 禾叶嵩草Kobresia graminifolia | 0.70~0.90 | 968 | - |
| 线叶嵩草Kobresia capillifolia | 0.70~0.90 | 1212 | 0.85 |
| 线叶嵩草K. capillifolia、杂类草Herbarum variarum | 0.60~0.90 | 1610 | 0.83 |
| 3.2沼泽化高寒草甸亚类Swampy alpine meadow subclass | 0.70~0.95 | - | - |
| 3.2.1大莎草组Large sedge group | - | - | - |
| 西藏嵩草Kobresia tibetica | >0.90 | 980 | 0.93 |
Table 1 Statistical of grassland resources in the Three-River Headwaters Region in the 1980s
草地类、亚类、组和型 Grassland class, subclass, group, and type | 植被覆盖度 Vegetation coverage | 产草量干重Dry weight of grass yield (kg·hm-2) | 可食牧草比例Proportion of edible forage |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.温性草原类 Temperate steppe | - | - | - |
| 1.1 山地草原亚类Mountain grassland subclass | 0.35(0.20~0.60) | 665 | - |
| 1.1.1中禾草组Medium grass group | - | - | - |
| 克氏针茅Stipa krylovii、羊茅Festuca ovina | 0.40 | 301 | - |
| 青海固沙草Orinus kokonorica、杂类草Herbarum variarum | 0.30~0.50 | 532 | - |
| 2.高寒草原类Alpine steppe | 0.20~0.60 | - | - |
| 2.1矮禾草组Dwarf grass group | - | - | - |
| 紫花针茅Stipa purpurea | 0.30~0.50 | 255 | - |
| 紫花针茅S. purpurea、杂类草Herbarum variarum | 0.30~0.50 | 255 | - |
| 3.高寒草甸类 Alpine meadow | - | - | - |
| 3.1高寒草甸亚类Alpine meadow subclass | 0.80~0.90 | - | - |
| 3.1.1小莎草组Small sedge group | - | - | - |
| 矮生嵩草Kobresia humilis | 0.80~0.90 | 831 | 0.93 |
| 高山嵩草Kobresia pygmaea | 0.80~0.90 | 562 | 0.85 |
| 禾叶嵩草Kobresia graminifolia | 0.70~0.90 | 968 | - |
| 线叶嵩草Kobresia capillifolia | 0.70~0.90 | 1212 | 0.85 |
| 线叶嵩草K. capillifolia、杂类草Herbarum variarum | 0.60~0.90 | 1610 | 0.83 |
| 3.2沼泽化高寒草甸亚类Swampy alpine meadow subclass | 0.70~0.95 | - | - |
| 3.2.1大莎草组Large sedge group | - | - | - |
| 西藏嵩草Kobresia tibetica | >0.90 | 980 | 0.93 |
草地类、亚类、组和型 Grassland class, subclass, group, and type | 年份Year | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2004 | 2012 | 2019 | |
| 1.温性草原类Temperate steppe | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.89 | 0.94 |
| 1.1 山地草原亚类Mountain grassland subclass | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.89 | 0.94 |
| 1.1.1中禾草组Medium grass group | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.89 | 0.94 |
| 克氏针茅S. krylovii、羊茅F. ovina | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.93 | 0.98 |
| 青海固沙草O. kokonorica、杂类草Herbarum variarum | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.97 |
| 2.高寒草原类Alpine steppe | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.78 | 0.82 |
| 2.1矮禾草组Dwarf grass group | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.78 | 0.82 |
| 紫花针茅S. purpurea | 0.87 | 0.86 | 0.81 | 0.85 |
| 紫花针茅S. purpurea、杂类草Herbarum variarum | 0.80 | 0.79 | 0.75 | 0.79 |
| 3.高寒草甸类Alpine meadow | 0.82 | 0.80 | 0.75 | 0.79 |
| 3.1高寒草甸亚类Alpine meadow subclass | 0.79 | 0.77 | 0.75 | 0.76 |
| 3.1.1小莎草组Small sedge group | 0.79 | 0.77 | 0.75 | 0.76 |
| 矮生嵩草K. humilis | 0.93 | 0.90 | 0.85 | 0.89 |
| 高山嵩草K. pygmaea | 0.85 | 0.82 | 0.77 | 0.75 |
| 高山嵩草K. pygmaea、矮生嵩草K. humilis | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.90 | 0.95 |
| 高山嵩草K. pygmaea、异针茅Stipa aliena | 0.81 | 0.79 | 0.75 | 0.78 |
| 高山嵩草K. pygmaea、圆穗蓼Polygonum macrophyllum | 0.88 | 0.86 | 0.80 | 0.84 |
| 高山嵩草K. pygmaea、杂类草Herbarum variarum | 0.79 | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.76 |
| 线叶嵩草K. capillifolia、珠芽蓼Polygonum viviparum | 0.87 | 0.85 | 0.80 | 0.84 |
| 黑褐苔草Carex atrofusca、杂类草Herbarum variarum | 0.95 | 0.93 | 0.87 | 0.91 |
| 具金露梅的矮生嵩草K. humilis | 0.88 | 0.86 | 0.81 | 0.85 |
| 线叶嵩草K. capillifolia、高山早熟禾Poa alpigena | 0.81 | 0.79 | 0.75 | 0.78 |
| 禾叶嵩草K. graminifolia | 0.80 | 0.78 | 0.75 | 0.77 |
| 线叶嵩草K. capillifolia | 0.78 | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.75 |
| 线叶嵩草K. capillifolia、杂类草Herbarum variarum | 0.83 | 0.79 | 0.75 | 0.79 |
| 3.2沼泽化高寒草甸亚类Swampy alpine meadow subclass | 0.93 | 0.97 | 0.91 | 0.96 |
| 3.2.1大莎草组Large sedge group | 0.93 | 0.97 | 0.91 | 0.96 |
| 西藏嵩草K. tibetica | 0.93 | 0.97 | 0.91 | 0.96 |
| 4.沼泽类Swamp | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.75 |
| 4.1.1大莎草组Large sedge group | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.75 |
| 木里苔草Carex muliensis | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.75 |
| 5.高寒荒漠类Alpine desert | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 |
| 5.1.1半灌木组Semi-shrub group | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 |
| 垫状驼绒藜Krascheninnikovia compacta | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 |
Table 2 Statistical of the proportion of edible forage in non-degraded natural grassland in the Three-River Headwaters Region
草地类、亚类、组和型 Grassland class, subclass, group, and type | 年份Year | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2004 | 2012 | 2019 | |
| 1.温性草原类Temperate steppe | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.89 | 0.94 |
| 1.1 山地草原亚类Mountain grassland subclass | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.89 | 0.94 |
| 1.1.1中禾草组Medium grass group | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.89 | 0.94 |
| 克氏针茅S. krylovii、羊茅F. ovina | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.93 | 0.98 |
| 青海固沙草O. kokonorica、杂类草Herbarum variarum | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.97 |
| 2.高寒草原类Alpine steppe | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.78 | 0.82 |
| 2.1矮禾草组Dwarf grass group | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.78 | 0.82 |
| 紫花针茅S. purpurea | 0.87 | 0.86 | 0.81 | 0.85 |
| 紫花针茅S. purpurea、杂类草Herbarum variarum | 0.80 | 0.79 | 0.75 | 0.79 |
| 3.高寒草甸类Alpine meadow | 0.82 | 0.80 | 0.75 | 0.79 |
| 3.1高寒草甸亚类Alpine meadow subclass | 0.79 | 0.77 | 0.75 | 0.76 |
| 3.1.1小莎草组Small sedge group | 0.79 | 0.77 | 0.75 | 0.76 |
| 矮生嵩草K. humilis | 0.93 | 0.90 | 0.85 | 0.89 |
| 高山嵩草K. pygmaea | 0.85 | 0.82 | 0.77 | 0.75 |
| 高山嵩草K. pygmaea、矮生嵩草K. humilis | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.90 | 0.95 |
| 高山嵩草K. pygmaea、异针茅Stipa aliena | 0.81 | 0.79 | 0.75 | 0.78 |
| 高山嵩草K. pygmaea、圆穗蓼Polygonum macrophyllum | 0.88 | 0.86 | 0.80 | 0.84 |
| 高山嵩草K. pygmaea、杂类草Herbarum variarum | 0.79 | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.76 |
| 线叶嵩草K. capillifolia、珠芽蓼Polygonum viviparum | 0.87 | 0.85 | 0.80 | 0.84 |
| 黑褐苔草Carex atrofusca、杂类草Herbarum variarum | 0.95 | 0.93 | 0.87 | 0.91 |
| 具金露梅的矮生嵩草K. humilis | 0.88 | 0.86 | 0.81 | 0.85 |
| 线叶嵩草K. capillifolia、高山早熟禾Poa alpigena | 0.81 | 0.79 | 0.75 | 0.78 |
| 禾叶嵩草K. graminifolia | 0.80 | 0.78 | 0.75 | 0.77 |
| 线叶嵩草K. capillifolia | 0.78 | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.75 |
| 线叶嵩草K. capillifolia、杂类草Herbarum variarum | 0.83 | 0.79 | 0.75 | 0.79 |
| 3.2沼泽化高寒草甸亚类Swampy alpine meadow subclass | 0.93 | 0.97 | 0.91 | 0.96 |
| 3.2.1大莎草组Large sedge group | 0.93 | 0.97 | 0.91 | 0.96 |
| 西藏嵩草K. tibetica | 0.93 | 0.97 | 0.91 | 0.96 |
| 4.沼泽类Swamp | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.75 |
| 4.1.1大莎草组Large sedge group | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.75 |
| 木里苔草Carex muliensis | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.75 |
| 5.高寒荒漠类Alpine desert | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 |
| 5.1.1半灌木组Semi-shrub group | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 |
| 垫状驼绒藜Krascheninnikovia compacta | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 |
县、镇名称 County and town names | 可食牧草产草量 Edible forage yield (kg·hm-2) | 可食牧草产草总量 Total yield of edible forage (×104 t) | 可食牧草比例 Proportion of edible forage | 年变化速率 Annual rate of change (kg·hm-2·a-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 班玛县Banma county | 666.53 | 38.50 | 0.61 | 1.11 |
| 久治县Jiuzhi county | 717.78 | 56.11 | 0.67 | 1.40 |
| 甘德县Gande county | 657.17 | 44.72 | 0.70 | 1.38 |
| 玛沁县Maqin county | 612.34 | 72.76 | 0.76 | 1.89 |
| 玛多县Maduo county | 278.62 | 60.56 | 0.64 | 1.18 |
| 达日县Dari county | 367.88 | 51.37 | 0.46 | 0.52 |
| 同德县Tongde county | 953.84 | 36.28 | 0.75 | 1.59 |
| 贵德县Guide county | 772.37 | 23.62 | 0.84 | 1.24 |
| 共和县Gonghe county | 599.44 | 73.09 | 0.85 | 3.73 |
| 兴海县Xinghai county | 618.10 | 66.81 | 0.79 | 2.61 |
| 贵南县Guinan county | 868.33 | 45.72 | 0.82 | 2.30 |
| 泽库县Zeku county | 848.91 | 51.74 | 0.67 | 1.55 |
| 河南蒙古族自治县Henan Mongolian Autonomous county | 1088.47 | 69.13 | 0.79 | 1.75 |
| 同仁县Tongren county | 916.98 | 17.21 | 0.81 | 2.83 |
| 尖扎县Jianzha county | 900.68 | 10.69 | 0.79 | 1.59 |
| 囊谦县Nangqian county | 644.49 | 69.98 | 0.66 | 0.41 |
| 玉树市Yushu City | 636.85 | 92.94 | 0.69 | 1.35 |
| 杂多县Zaduo county | 367.91 | 117.48 | 0.65 | 2.02 |
| 称多县Chenduo county | 438.60 | 61.36 | 0.64 | 0.96 |
| 曲麻莱县Qumarlêb county | 208.90 | 87.80 | 0.65 | 0.88 |
| 治多县Zhiduo county | 192.36 | 113.03 | 0.66 | 0.75 |
| 唐古拉山镇Tanggula mountain town | 166.73 | 61.73 | 0.81 | 1.42 |
Table 3 Statistics of edible forge yield in counties and towns of the Three-River Headwaters Region from 1981 to 2020
县、镇名称 County and town names | 可食牧草产草量 Edible forage yield (kg·hm-2) | 可食牧草产草总量 Total yield of edible forage (×104 t) | 可食牧草比例 Proportion of edible forage | 年变化速率 Annual rate of change (kg·hm-2·a-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 班玛县Banma county | 666.53 | 38.50 | 0.61 | 1.11 |
| 久治县Jiuzhi county | 717.78 | 56.11 | 0.67 | 1.40 |
| 甘德县Gande county | 657.17 | 44.72 | 0.70 | 1.38 |
| 玛沁县Maqin county | 612.34 | 72.76 | 0.76 | 1.89 |
| 玛多县Maduo county | 278.62 | 60.56 | 0.64 | 1.18 |
| 达日县Dari county | 367.88 | 51.37 | 0.46 | 0.52 |
| 同德县Tongde county | 953.84 | 36.28 | 0.75 | 1.59 |
| 贵德县Guide county | 772.37 | 23.62 | 0.84 | 1.24 |
| 共和县Gonghe county | 599.44 | 73.09 | 0.85 | 3.73 |
| 兴海县Xinghai county | 618.10 | 66.81 | 0.79 | 2.61 |
| 贵南县Guinan county | 868.33 | 45.72 | 0.82 | 2.30 |
| 泽库县Zeku county | 848.91 | 51.74 | 0.67 | 1.55 |
| 河南蒙古族自治县Henan Mongolian Autonomous county | 1088.47 | 69.13 | 0.79 | 1.75 |
| 同仁县Tongren county | 916.98 | 17.21 | 0.81 | 2.83 |
| 尖扎县Jianzha county | 900.68 | 10.69 | 0.79 | 1.59 |
| 囊谦县Nangqian county | 644.49 | 69.98 | 0.66 | 0.41 |
| 玉树市Yushu City | 636.85 | 92.94 | 0.69 | 1.35 |
| 杂多县Zaduo county | 367.91 | 117.48 | 0.65 | 2.02 |
| 称多县Chenduo county | 438.60 | 61.36 | 0.64 | 0.96 |
| 曲麻莱县Qumarlêb county | 208.90 | 87.80 | 0.65 | 0.88 |
| 治多县Zhiduo county | 192.36 | 113.03 | 0.66 | 0.75 |
| 唐古拉山镇Tanggula mountain town | 166.73 | 61.73 | 0.81 | 1.42 |
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