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Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (7): 117-134.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025302

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Identification, bioinformatics analysis of AP2 subfamily genes and MsBBM gene cloning in alfalfa

Fen-qi CHEN1,2(), Jin-qing ZHANG1(), Yi-jian YU1, Zhen-yu LI1   

  1. 1.College of Forestry and Prataculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
    2.Pratacultural College,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
  • Received:2025-07-17 Revised:2025-09-22 Online:2026-07-20 Published:2026-05-21
  • Contact: Jin-qing ZHANG

Abstract:

The AP2 subfamily transcription factors belong to the AP2/ERF superfamily and are involved in regulating various biological processes related to plant growth and development. However, there have been no reports to our knowledge on the AP2 subfamily or BBM genes in alfalfa (Medicago sativa). In this study, based on whole-genome data of M. sativa, ten AP2 genes were identified using HMMER, among which only one was a BBM gene. Bioinformatics and expression analyses were conducted on the ten AP2 members. The results showed that all AP2 members were unstable, hydrophilic, non-secretory proteins with diverse physicochemical properties and specific secondary and tertiary structures. Motif analysis revealed that AP2 genes were conserved and contain characteristic domains; For instance, only the BBM gene possesses the bbm-1 domain. Additionally, the promoter regions of these genes contained various cis-acting elements related to growth and development, plant hormone responses, and both biotic and abiotic stress responses, indicating that MsAP2 members may play roles in regulating plant development and stress adaptation. Expression pattern analysis by qRT-PCR further demonstrated that MsAP2 genes exhibit tissue-specific and diverse expression profiles, suggesting their potential functions in the growth and development of alfalfa. Further cloning of the MsBBM gene confirmed that its encoded protein is localized in the nucleus. These findings provide a reference for future investigations into the roles of AP2 subfamily genes in the growth and development of alfalfa, and lay a foundation for elucidating the function of the MsBBM gene.

Key words: alfalfa, AP2 transcription factor, BBM gene, growth and development, stress response