Effects of soil plastic mulching and fertilizer application on the water utilization and yield of Tartary buckwheat crops in a semiarid rain-fed area

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020233

Abstract

Abstract: This research investigated the effects of fertilizer application and soil-plastic mulching on soil water storage, periodic evapotranspiration (ET), plant development, yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of Tartary buckwheat crops grown in a semiarid rain-fed area, in order to identify cultivation techniques that enhance crop drought resistance and efficient resource utilization. A field experiment comprising three treatments was conducted from 2015 to 2017 at Dingxi Experimental Station of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The three treatments were: traditional planting without fertilization application (TNF), whole field soil-plastic mulching without fertilization application (MNF), and whole field soil-plastic mulching with fertilization application (MF). The soil water content for the 0-300 cm soil depth, crop dry matter, leaf area index and yield of Tartary buckwheat were recorded. The soil water storage, periodic measurements of ET, harvest index, rainwater use efficiency (RUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) were calculated, to determine the effects of fertilizer application and soil plastic mulching and bunch seeding on water utilization and yield. It was found that MF increased soil water storage by 18.9-42.4 mm in the 0-140 cm soil layer during the seedling stage, and the ET in the pre-flowering period, as compared with TNF and MNF. Compared to TNF and MNF, respectively, MF increased the dry matter quality at maturity by an average of 96.3% and 3.7%, the leaf area index by 123.7% and 7.6%, the number of ears by 9.3% and 3.9%, the grain weight per plant by 139.2% and 12.1%, the grain plumpness by 14.5% and 4.4%, and reduced the ear height by 34.0% and 26.8%. Compared to TNF, MF significantly promoted the population-level statistics of Tartary buckwheat, with a yield increase of 33.6%-130.4%, a biomass increase of 62.8%-182.5%, an enhancement of WUE of 34.5%-106.4%, and these effects were more pronounced in dry seasons. Therefore, the cultivation practice comprising whole-field soil plastic mulching with fertilizer application improves the yield and WUE of Tartary buckwheat, can be recommended as a suitable planting mode for drought amelioration and yield increase of Tartary buckwheat in the semi-arid area of the northwest Loess Plateau.

Key words: tartary buckwheat, soil-plastic mulching, fertilization, water use efficiency, yield

FANG Yan-jie, ZHANG Xu-cheng, YU Xian-feng, HOU Hui-zhi, WANG Hong-li, MA Yi-fan, ZHANG Guo-ping, LEI Kang-ning. Effects of soil plastic mulching and fertilizer application on the water utilization and yield of Tartary buckwheat crops in a semiarid rain-fed area[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(11): 46-56.

References

[1] Xin N Q, Hou X Y, Zhang Y Q. Important progress on research development and counter measures of dry land agriculture in North China. Transaction of the Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2001, 9(4): 58-60.
信乃诠, 侯向阳, 张燕卿. 我国北方旱地农业研究开发进展及对策. 中国生态农业学报, 2001, 9(4): 58-60.
[2] Lamptey S, Li L L, Xie J H. Nitrogen time of application impact on productivity, water use efficiency and agronomic efficiency of maize in a semi-arid environment. Journal of Agricultural Science, 2018, 10: 71-79.
[3] Zhang F S, Wang J Q, Zhang W F, et al. Nutrient use efficiencies of major cereal crops in China and measures for improvement. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2008, 45(5): 915-924.
张福锁, 王激清, 张卫峰, 等. 中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径. 土壤学报, 2008, 45(5): 915-924.
[4] Fan B H, Ma L L, Ren R D, et al. Effects of irrigation frequency of organic nutrient solution and irrigation amount on yield, quality, fertilizer and water use efficiency of melon in facility. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(4): 1261-1268.
范兵华, 马乐乐, 任瑞丹, 等. 有机营养液灌溉频次和灌水量对设施甜瓜产量、品质及肥水利用效率的影响. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(4): 1261-1268.
[5] Cai S H, Xu Y, Wang J S, et al. Relationship between spatio-temporal variability of soil moisture and nutrients and crop yield. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2009, 25(12): 26-31.
蔡守华, 徐英, 王俊生, 等. 土壤水分和养分时空变异性与作物产量的关系. 农业工程学报, 2009, 25(12): 26-31.
[6] Zhong L P, Shao M A, Li Y S. Changes of ecosystem productivity responding to driving forces in semiarid region. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2004, 37(4): 510-515.
钟良平, 邵明安, 李玉山. 农田生态系统生产力演变及驱动力. 中国农业科学, 2004, 37(4): 510-515.
[7] Li L L, Huang G B, Zhang R Z, et al. Effects of conservation tillage on soil water regimes in rainfed areas. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(9): 2326-2332.
李玲玲, 黄高宝, 张仁陟, 等. 不同保护性耕作措施对旱作农田土壤水分的影响. 生态学报, 2005, 25(9): 2326-2332.
[8] Wang H, Wang S L, Xu Z G, et al. Effect of tillage and fertilization on water use efficiency of maize in dryland conditions. Transaction of the Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2017, 25(6): 856-864.
王浩, 王淑兰, 徐宗贵, 等. 耕作与施肥对旱地玉米田土壤耗水量和水分利用效率的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2017, 25(6): 856-864.
[9] Hou H Z, Lü J F, Guo T W, et al. Effects of whole field soil-plastic mulching on spring wheat water consumption, yield, and soil water balance in semi-arid region. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(22): 4392-4404.
侯慧芝, 吕军峰, 郭天文, 等. 旱地全膜覆土穴播对春小麦耗水、产量和土壤水分平衡的影响. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(22): 4392-4404.
[10] Wang H L, Song S Y, Zhang X C, et al. Effects of using plastic film as mulch combined with bunch planting on soil temperature, moisture and yield of spring wheat in a semi-arid area in drylands of Gansu, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013, 33(18): 5580-5588.
王红丽, 宋尚有, 张绪成, 等. 半干旱区旱地春小麦全膜覆土穴播对土壤水热效应及产量的影响. 生态学报, 2013, 33(18): 5580-5588.
[11] Mo F, Zhou H, Wang J Y. Development and application of micro-field rain-harvesting techniques. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2013, 29(8): 1-17.
莫非, 周宏, 王建永. 田间微集雨技术研究及应用. 农业工程学报, 2013, 29(8): 1-17.
[12] Li F M, Wang J, Zhao S L. The rainwater harvesting technology approach for dryland agriculture in semi-arid Loess Plateau of China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 1999, 19(2): 260-264.
李凤民, 王静, 赵松岭. 半干旱黄土高原集水高效旱地农业的发展. 生态学报, 1999, 19(2): 260-264.
[13] Fang Y J, Zhang X C, Yu X F, et al. Effects of whole soil-plastic mulching with hole-sowing on soil temperature, moisture and yield of buckwheat in aridlands. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2019, 45(7): 1073-1082.
方彦杰, 张绪成, 于显枫, 等. 旱地全膜覆土穴播荞麦田土壤水热及产量效应研究. 作物学报, 2019, 45(7): 1073-1082.
[14] Yu X F, Zhang X C, Wang H L, et al. Effects of fertilizer application on water consumption characteristics and yield of potato cultured under ridge-furrow and whole filed plastic mulching in rain-fed area. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(3): 883-890.
于显枫, 张绪成, 王红丽, 等. 施肥对旱地全膜覆盖垄沟种植马铃薯耗水特征及产量的影响. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(3): 883-890.
[15] Fan T L, Wang S Y, Tang X M, et al. Grain yield and water use in a long-term fertilization trial in Northwest China. Agricultural Water Management, 2005, 76: 36-52.
[16] Ren C Z, Zhao G. Chinese buckwheat. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2015.
任长忠, 赵钢. 中国荞麦. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2015.
[17] Chen Q F. Science of buckwheat. Beijing: China Science Press, 2012.
陈庆富. 荞麦科学. 北京: 中国科学出版社, 2012.
[18] Chen Q F. The status of buckwheat production and recent progresses of breeding on new type of cultivated buckwheat. Journal of Guizhou Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2018, 36(3): 1-7.
陈庆富. 荞麦生产状况及新类型栽培荞麦育种研究的最新进展. 贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 36(3): 1-7.
[19] Zhang X, Cui X D, Li Y Y, et al. Purification and biochemical characterization of a novel allergenic protein from tatary buckwheat seeds. Planta Medica, 2008, 74(15): 1837-1841.
[20] Feng B L, Yao A H, Gao J F, et al. Study on regional distribution and development of buckwheat in China. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2005, 21(3): 375-377.
冯佰利, 姚爱华, 高金峰, 等. 中国荞麦优势区域布局与发展研究. 中国农学通报, 2005, 21(3): 375-377.
[21] Zhou L M, Li F M, Jin S L, et al. How two ridges and the furrow mulched with plastic film affects soil water temperature and yield of maize on the semiarid Loess Plateau of China. Field Crop Research, 2009, 113: 41-47.
[22] Li F R, Zhao S L, Geballe G T. Water use patterns and agronomic performance for some cropping systems with and without fallow crops in a semi-arid environment of Northwest China. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2000, 79: 129-142.
[23] Tian X H, Nie G, Li S X. Effect of water and nutrients supplying in different soil layers on growth and nutrition absorption of corn seedling. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2002, 33(4): 263-267.
田霄鸿, 聂刚, 李生秀. 不同土壤层次供应水分和养分对玉米幼苗生长和吸收养分的影响. 土壤通报, 2002, 33(4): 263-267.
[24] Song T, Wang H L, Chen N L, et al. Regulation of whole field soil-plastic mulching with bunch planting and whole field sand mulching with flat planting on soil moisture and yield of spring wheat in semiarid dryland areas. Transaction of the Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2014, 22(10): 1174-1181.
宋婷, 王红丽, 陈年来, 等. 旱地全膜覆土穴播和全沙覆盖平作对小麦田土壤水分和产量的调节机理. 中国生态农业学报, 2014, 22(10): 1174-1181.
[25] Xie Y H, Li T L, Hong J P, et al. Effects of nitrogen application and ridge film furrow planting on water use of winter wheat in dryland in Southern Shanxi. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2011, 22(8): 2038-2044.
谢英荷, 李廷亮, 洪坚平, 等. 施氮和垄膜沟播种植对晋南旱地冬小麦水分利用的影响. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(8): 2038-2044.
[26] Fang Y J, Huang G B, Li L L, et al. Yield and growth dynamics of rained maize in the system of completely mulched alternating narrow and wide ridges with furrow planting. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2010, 28(4): 128-134.
方彦杰, 黄高宝, 李玲玲, 等. 旱地全膜双垄沟播玉米生长发育动态及产量形成规律研究. 干旱地区农业研究, 2010, 28(4): 128-134.
[27] Dong E W, Wang J S, Han P Y, et al. Effect of fertilization on growth, dry matter accumulation, nutrient uptake and distribution in sorghum. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Science, 2012, 40(6): 645-650.
董二伟, 王劲松, 韩鹏远, 等. 施肥对高粱生长、干物质积累与养分吸收分配的影响. 山西农业科学, 2012, 40(6): 645-650.
[28] Zhao X D, Li T L, Xie Y H, et al. Effect of plastic film mulching on soil water and nitrogen balance in dryland wheat fields. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(5): 1-10.
赵晓东, 李廷亮, 谢英荷, 等. 覆膜对旱地麦田土壤水分及氮素平衡的影响. 生态学报, 2018, 38(5): 1-10.
[29] Rehman S, Khalil S K, Rehman A, et al. Micro-watershed enhances rain water use efficiency, phenology and productivity of wheat under rainfed condition. Soil Tillage Research, 2009, 104(1): 82-87.
[30] Zhang X C, Wang H L, Yu X F, et al. The study on the effect of potato and beans intercropping with whole field plastics mulching and ridge-furrow planting on soil thermal-moisture status and crop yield on semi-arid area. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(3): 468-481.
张绪成, 王红丽, 于显枫, 等. 半干旱区全膜覆盖垄沟间作种植马铃薯和豆科作物的水热及产量效应. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(3): 468-481.
[31] Yang C G, Chai S X, Chang L, et al. Effects of plastic mulching on water consumption characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat in arid region of Northwest China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(4): 661-671.
杨长刚, 柴守玺, 常磊, 等. 不同覆膜方式对旱作冬小麦耗水特性及籽粒产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(4): 661-671.
[32] Lenka S, Singh A K, Lenka N K. Water and nitrogen interaction on soil profile water extraction and ET in maize wheat cropping system. Agriculture Water Manage, 2009, 96: 196-207.